定语从句 高考英语精讲——语法（五）

定语从句

定语从句是高中英语学习中的重点，在阅读，完型中经常出现。在北京的单项选择中考查频率也很高。定语从句的考查点在于关系词的选择。考查的方式比较简单。

1.限定性定语从句与非限定定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。非限定定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。

2.关系代词的用法

1).限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法

Eg.: He is the man who/that lives next door. (作主语)

Eg.: We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (作主语)

Eg.: The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. (作宾语)

注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

Eg.: The book is not such as I expect. (as作定语)

Eg.: He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (作定语)

2).非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法

Eg.: This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.

Eg.: As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

3.关系副词的用法

当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。

Eg.:I still remember the time when I first became a college student.

Eg.:This is the hotel where they are staying.

Eg.: That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.

【解题方法】判断从句中是否缺主语、宾语，表语。(1)缺主语，宾语，表语中的任何一种。如果定语从句修饰的是人选who/that。如果修饰的是物，可选的有that/which。(2)如果主语，宾语，表语完整则根据句意可选when (指时间)，where (指地点)，why (指原因，先行词多为reason)。以及whose (谁的)。

【直击真题】

1. (2016·四川高考) 单句改错

The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.

【答案】what→that/which或去掉what

【解析】分析句子结构可知，dishes后面为定语从句，从句中缺少cooked的宾语，故可以使用that/which或省略。应把what改为that/which或去掉what。

2. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ) 语法填空

But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

【答案】when

【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the mid－1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。

【重难点】

定语从句的关系词判断选择以及限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的辨析。

【易错点】

when，where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别。

【题模精讲】

单句改错

(1) The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite. ________

(2) And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can. ________

(3) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of that the sailing time was 226 days. ________

(4) Patience, without whom you can’t do the work well, is a kind of quality. ________

(5) The film brought the hours back to me who I was taken good care of in that far away village. ________

答案：

(1)what→that/which或去掉what

(2)that→as

(3) that→which

(4) whom→which

(5) who→when

解析：

(1)考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Thedishes，关系词在从句中作动词cooked的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导，关系代词也可以省略。

(2) as引导定语从句。

(3) nine months为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，而关系代词that不可位于介词之后，故that改为which。

(4) Patience为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故whom改为which。

(5) hours为先行词，关系词在从句作时间状语，故用关系副词when作为引导词。

语法填空

(1) A lot of language learning, _________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

(2) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

(3) It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.

答案：

(1) as

(2) where

(3) which；that

解析：

(1)关系代词指整个一句话A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。

(2)句意：在本章的后一部分，将给读者介绍一些案例，在这些案例中，消费者的投诉已经使法律做出了修改。根据句意判定cases为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作状语，相当于in these cases, in which＝where，即先行词在从句中作状语。

(3)句意：他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中which引导定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是强调句型。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的It is/was，that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。

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