高考英语精讲——语法（四）

名词性从句

名词性从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句。需由连接词引导，连接词主要有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连词只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用，又在从句中充当某一个成分。另外，名词性从句要用陈述语序。

1.主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语。主语从句中谓语动词一般用单数。

Eg.: What you said sounds reasonable.

It is well known/reported/thought/said/…

It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear…

It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no surprise/no wonder…

It doesn’t matter whether…

It seems\appears that…

It happens that…碰巧

【考点归纳】

1). 引导词+句子（主语+谓语….）// 谓语 +…….

①that引导的主语从句：只起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分，一般不能省略。

Eg.:_________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (B)

A. What B. That C. This D. Which

②whether引导的主语从句：译成“是否”，在从句中不作成分。如：

Eg.: Whether it is true remains a question.它是真是假，还是个问题。(不能用if)

③Wh -类连接词引导的主语从句：连接代词主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词在从句中作状语。

Eg.: _________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom

2). It+谓语+主语从句

①It+系动词+形容词+that／wh-从句

常用形容词有：good(好)；important(重要的)；likely(可能的)；unlikely(不可能的)；possible(可能的)；clear(清楚的)；necessary(必要的)；true(真的)；wrong(错误的)；natural(自然的)；strange(奇怪的)。

Eg.:It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow．很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。

Eg.: (2011江苏) It was never clear _________ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.

A. that B. how C. when D. why

②It+系动词+名词+that／wh -从句

常用名词有：a fact(一个事实)；a good idea(一个好主意)；an honor(一种荣誉)；a mystery(一个奥秘)；a question(一个问题)；a pity(一个遗憾)；a shame(一种耻辱；一个遗憾)；a pleasure(一件乐事)；no wonder(难怪)；common knowledge(常识)。

Eg.:It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday．你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。

③It+系动词+过去分词+that／wh-从句

常用的分词有：known(众所周知)；proved(证明)；said(据说)；reported(据报道)；decided(作出决定)；suggested(有人建议)；advised(有人建议)；ordered(根据命令)； thought(有人认为)；considered(据认为)；well known(很著名)；hoped(有人希望)；turned out(结果)；pointed out(有人指出)。如：

Eg.:It is known to all that the earth is round．众所周知，地球是圆的。

④It+不及物动词+that／wh-从句

常用的动词有：appear似乎，好像；happen碰巧；matter重要；occur发生；seem似乎，好像。如： It seems to me that you object to the plan．在我看来，你好像反对这个计划。

Eg.:It happened that I was not there that day．碰巧那天我不在那里。

【注意】以上四种句型中①②③在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、责任、义务时，从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，翻译成“应该”；

如表示的是过去的动作，要用“should+have+过去分词”形式；

如要表示对现在事物的惊奇、遗憾、惋惜时也常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，翻译成“竟然；居然”。

Eg.:It is suggested that each student(should)sing a song in English．

(有人)建议每个学生唱一首英语歌曲。

Eg.:It is strange that he sbould say so．他居然会这样说真是奇怪。

Eg.:It is no surprise that Carl should have won the game．卡尔赢得比赛并不奇怪。

【直击真题】

1.(2012江西卷)

It suddenly occurred to him _________ he had left his keys in the office.

A．whether B．where C．which D．that

【答案】C

2. (2011湖南)

Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _________ the problem itself is.

A. what B. that C. which D. why

【答案】A

2. 表语从句——位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用as if/as though/because/why引导。

Eg.: The question is who can complete the difficult task.

1). that和whether引导的表语从句

that和whether只起连接作用；在从句中不作成分；that无词义，一般不省略；翻译成“是否”，whether在表语从句中不能换成if。如：

Eg.:The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.

问题是我们能否降低产品的成本(不能换成if)

2). wh-类连接词引导的表语从句

wh-类连接词引导的从句作表语时，它们通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别表现具体的地点、时间、原因和方式等。

Eg.:That is why he caught a cold yesterday，那就是为什么他昨天得了感冒。

Eg.:The question he asked was _______ __the electrical equipment should be stored．

A．what B．which C．where D．because

【2011陕西】I’d like to start my own business-----that’s _________ I’d do if I had the money.

A. why B. when C. which D. what

3). as if/as though，because引导的表语从句

Eg.: The patient looked as if he had been ill for a long time．

看上去，病人似乎已经病了很长时间了。

4). 表语从句中的虚拟语气

如果主句主语是advice建议，demand要求，order命令，suggestion建议，requirement要求，request请求，proposal建议，command命令等时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，结构是“(should+)动词原形”。

Eg.:His suggestion is that we(should)set off at once．他的建议是我们应该立即出发。

Eg.:My advice is that you(should)quit smoking．我的建议是你应该戒烟。

3. 宾语从句

1). 作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别）

2). 直接引语和间接引语

【解题方法】三要素①引导词：陈述句用：that ; 一般疑问句用：if /whether ; 特殊疑问句用：特殊疑问词；② 时态：当主句为现在时，宾语从句时态不受主句限制；当主句为过去时，宾语从句要用过去相应的时态；当主句为过去时，宾语从句为客观真理、客观事实，宾语从句仍用一般现在时； ③语序：陈述语序。

Eg.:I doubt whether \ if he will keep his word.

I don’t doubt that our team will win.

4. 同位语从句——跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。

名词主要有：fact, news（word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略，不用which..也可用whether (不用if), who, what, which, when, where, how , why

Eg.:The news that our team has won the match is true.

【解题方法】名词性从句是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决名词性从句类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的动词来判断。

【直击真题】

1. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ) 单句改错

After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.________

【答案】where→that或去掉where

【解析】 found后为宾语从句，引导词不作句子成分只起连接作用，应用that引导，而且that可省略。故where改为that或去掉where。

2. (2014·广东高考) 语法填空

I didn’t understand _________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

【答案】why

【解析】“我”不知道/不明白________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。

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