一般现在时搭配词 | 总是always、通常usually、经常often、sometimes有时、sometime有时、seldom很少、hardly ever几乎不、never从不、 |
| 每周1次 once a day/week/month/years |
| 每周3次 three time a week |
| 每月2次 twice a month |
| 一年2次 twice a year |
| 每次 every time |
| 每天 every day/week/month/years |
| 每个周日 every Sunday |
| 几乎不 hardly ever |
| 早上 in the morning/afternoon/evening |
| 在晚上 at night |
| on mondays/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday |
一般过去时搭配词 | just now 刚才,不久之前的过去时间 ;a moment ago刚才 once、once upon a time曾经、从前,用于故事的开头 one day总有一天 |
| at the age of在…岁时,某人多少岁的时候 at that time在那时 this morning/ afternoon/ evening今天上午/下午/晚上 at the early days在早期 |
| a few days几天 a few days ago前几天-前几天 ;the day before前一天 the other day前几天 ;those days那些天 ; when引导的状语从句(动词过去时) |
| last+ 时间状语 | last time 上次 | yesterday+一天中的某个时间【昨天】 | yesterday morning 昨天上午 | in/on+过去的年、月、日 | in 1936 在1936年 |
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| last night 昨晚 |
| yesterday afternoon昨天下午 | 【在…时间】 | in the early days在早期 |
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| last year 去年 |
| yesterday evening 昨天晚上 |
| on May 1,1976在1976年5月1日 |
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| last term 上学期 | the day+before... 【…天前】 | the day before yesterday前天 |
| in the past在过去 |
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| last Monday上周一 |
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| in the old days在过去的日子里 |
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| last week 上星期 | 表时间的名词或短语+ago 【以前】 | two months ago两个月以前 |
| in those days当年/在那些日子里 |
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| last month 上个月 |
| three years ago三年前 |
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| last century上个世纪 |
| three weeks ago三周以前 |
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| last winter去年冬天 |
| long long ago很久以前 |
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| last weekend上周末 |
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现在进行时 | 时间标志词:now现在、today今天、nowdays如今、at pesent目前、at this time/moment此时;【情景标志词】look看、listen听、be careful 当心;【其它】in the future将来、right now现在、马上;this week, these days | 过去进行时 | at+具体时间+过去时间:at 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon昨天下午2点 其它:from 5 to 9从5点到9点;the whole morning整个上午 |
| at+this moment/time+过去时间、at this time yesterdayevening昨天晚上这个时间;at that time在那时、at that moment就在那一刻、、 在那时、 在那一瞬间、此刻;目前;眼下 |
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| 现在完成时 | ⑴常与already已经,just刚刚,正好,ever曾经,never从来,也不;从不,before以前,yet仍然等连用.;还与once一次,twice两次,three times三次,several times几次等,表重复次数的词语连用 |
| ⑵常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连。.这些短语表示从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的 |
| ⑶常与 for +时间段 或 since +过去时间点【 自从…以来】 连用(含从句,从句过去时); It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) |
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| 过去完成时 | before+过去时间点、by then到那时候、by last time最后一次、 by the time+从句→ 到...时候为止、by the end of last month / year等 by+过去的时间、by the end of+过去的时间【到…】、 |
| up till+过去的时间(直到…)、up until then直到那时、up until last time直到上次 |
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| 一般将来时 | right now马上、soon很快、sooner or later迟早、atoncelike、by the endof+将来时间、from now on |
| this evening /afternoon 今天晚上、今天下午 |
| 【tomorrow明天】tomorrow night明晚、the day after tomorrow后天 |
| 【next】 next time下次、next Friday下周五、next month下个月、next term下学期 |
| 【in +一段时间→多久之后】in 10 years 10年后、in 2 days 2天后、 in the future 将来 |
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| 过去将来时 | the next day第二天、the next month第二个月、the following month第二个月、the next evening第二天晚上、the next year第二年 |
 

1.一般现在时 | 主语+V(v-s/es) | 1.表示现在事物或人物的特征、状态、能力。 He works hard他努力工作 常与always,usually,often,sometimes,every day,once aweek,yearly每年,monthly每月等时间或频率副词连用 |
| 主语+be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/介词 | 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作 I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 |
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| 3.表示客观现实或普遍用法 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转 |
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| 4.用于状语从句代替一般将来时 You will succeed if you try 常与连词:when,as soon as,before,after,until,if等条件或时间从句 |
| ****** | ④表一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。仅限于某些表“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续"等动词,可与表未来时间的状语搭配用。常见用法飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式 |
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| The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。 |
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| ⑤在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将的来事情。(即: 主将从现原则) |
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| I Will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.我一到机场就会给你打电话 |
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| When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了 |
2.一般过去时 | 主语+V-ed | 1.表过去某一时间发生的动作或所处状态 Where were you just now? |
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| 2.过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态 Thir children often went hungry in the old days |
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| 3.主语过去的特征或性格等. At that time she spoke very good English |
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| 4.一般和明确的过去时间按状语。 Did you play volleryball yesterday afternoon? 常用词:yesterday,last night,two days(months,weeks)ago,in 1996,at that time |
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| 5.可与today,this week,this month等时间状语连用.He came late there times this week the day before,last week/month/year/…,a monment ago,just now,on/in+过去的时间 |
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| ******* | ①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况 I bought some fruits yesterday.我昨天买了一些水果。 |
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| ②表示过去习惯性动作 When I was a boy, I often swam in that river.当我还是个男孩的时候,我经常在那条河里游泳 |
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| ③. would/used to do:表示过去常常.... The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody. |
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| 老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈 |
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| He used to visit his mother once a week.他以前总是每周看望-次他的母亲 |
| is/am/are+gonin to+V原形 | 表示计划打算做什么事情 | 3.一般将来时 | 主语+will/shall+原形 | 即将要发生的动作或存在的状态 Work hard and you will succeed |
| 任何人称+will+V原形 | 将要反复发生的动作 If you ask him,be will help you |
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| I don't think the test will he very difficult |
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| 常用的词:tomorrow, the day after,soon,,after next,next Friday /month/week /year, the week/month/year/…,in the future,in+一段时间 ,on/in+将来的时间等 |
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| ********************* | ①will do a.表示主语主观意愿的将来 I will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift |
| 主语be going to+原形 | 我将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。 |
| be+动词不定式. | b.表示客观将来。Fish will die without water.离开水,鱼会死 |
| 否定形式will/shall+not | c.表示临时决定。Mary has been ill for a week. |
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| Oh. I didn't know. Iwill ao and see her. |
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| ②am/is/are going to ao a.表示计划、打算做某事 This is just what I am going to say这正是我想说的 |
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| b.表示根据某种迹象看,很可能或即将发生的事情,表推测 |
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| Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It's going to rain.看天上的乌云,要下雨了 |
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| ③am/is/are aboutto do表示“即将、正要"时,可用。强调近期内或马上要做的事 |
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| Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。 |
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| ④be to do a.表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.星期一你准会在实验室见到她 |
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| b.该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示-种命令 .规劝性语气 |
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| You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes 孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了 |
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| 常用结构:1.常用祈使句+and+陈述句中 |
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| 2.与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用 |
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| 3.用于I expect,I'm sure,I think,I wonder+宾语从句中 |
4.现在进行时 | 主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing) | a、说话时此刻正在进行的动作 Listen!Mary is singing an Englishi song in the classroom |
| 主语+be+doing | b、表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作 They are planting trees on the hill these days |
| be(is am are) | c、表示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶、赞叹”等感情色彩My brother is always leaving things about |
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| **现在进行时往往与always连用,给现在动作披层感情色彩 |
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| 常与now, right now, at present,at the moment, this week, these days,Look!(放句首)、Listen!(放句首)等连用 |
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| ******************* | ①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情 He is listning to the music now.他现在正在听音乐 |
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| ②表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情,但不一定此时此刻正在做。I am studying computer this term.这个学期我-直在学习计算机 |
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| ③现在进行时可以表示将来的含义 a.瞬时动词的进行一定表将来I am leaving.我要离开了。 |
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| b.持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来I am travelling next month.下个月我要去旅行 |
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| ④现在进行时与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩.He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(褒义) |
5.过去进行时 | 主语+was/were+现在分词 | a、过去某一时刻正在进行的动过 What were you doing when I phoned you last night? |
| 主语+was/were+doing | b、过去某段时间正在进行的动作 They wer buiding a dam last winter去年冬天他们在建一座大坝 |
| 去将要发生的动作 | c、用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表位置移动的动词,表示过 They wanted to know when we were leving for Shangh |
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| 常用词:then,at that time/(moment),at this time,at that moment,yesterday,at+时间点+yesterday/lastnight,this time yesterday,from 8 to 10 yesterday morning等 |
| ************** | ①表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作 Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. 10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐 |
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| ②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情I was travelling in London last summer vacation.去年暑假我在伦敦旅行 |
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| ③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义 a.瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义 Then she said she was leaving然后她说她要离开了 |
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| b.持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来She said that she was travelling the next day她说她第二天要去旅行 |
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| 表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系动作或状态发生在过去但它;的影响现在还存在,也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响 | 6.现在完成时 | have/has+动词的过去分词 | 是它和现在有密切联系;或迄今为止这一段时间的时光,或是一个影响现状的动作,这样它不是从时间上就是从后果上和现在联系起来。根据如下特点判断用一般过去时还是现在完成时 |
| 主语+have/has done | a、过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 |
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| b、过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态 |
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| c、四大标志词:already,just,jet为标志,表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 |
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| ever,never为标志,表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 |
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| 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times |
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| so for为标志,表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生 |
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| come,become,join,get up等都知道表一个短暂的动作,不能代表一个延续的状态,这是需要be 来延续的状态 |
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| work,study,tech,live少数动词可以表示一直延续到现在的一个动作 |
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| *终止、延续要转换。常见come-be,go out-be out,eave-be away(from),begin-be on,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-be a member/介词短语, die-be dead,become-be,open(v.)-be opend(adj.)等 |
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| **时间“点”、“段”必须分清 for+时间段 since+过去某一时刻 |
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| 常用词:already,just, yet(否定句中),ever,never, recently, lately, up to(/till) now(到现在为止),till now,until now, so far, during/over/in the past/last few months/years,once/twice/...for +一段时间,since +过去的时间点+ago,by+现在时间 |
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| ********************** | ①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成,强调对现在产生的影响。 |
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| I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.我买了一所新房子,但是还没有卖掉旧的,所以现在我又两所房子 |
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| ②表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况.并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间 |
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| Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time |
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| 虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正 |
7.过去完成时 |
肯定:主语+had+ 过去分词+其它 |
表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。动作发生在“过去的过去" | Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了 |
| 否定:主语+had+not+ 过去分词+其它 | 用法:1.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响 |
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| 疑问:Had+主语+ 过去分词+其它 | a、用by,before等构成的介词短语Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end fo last month |
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| b、用when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句The train had started before we go to the station |
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| 2.还可表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间,常与for,since引导的表一段时间的短语或从句连用 | I had worked in a hospital for three years bdfore I came here |
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| 常用词:before,by,by the time, by the end of last month / year等 |
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| 动作发生在过去的过去:by+过去的时间;表示“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语 |
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8.过去将来时 | 主语+would/should+动词原形 | 以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中 | I didn't know if she would come | (多用在 | 任何人称+woule+动词原形 | 从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事(/在过去将会发生的动作) | I wasn't sure whether he would do it | 宾语从句) | 主语+was/were+going to +动词原形 | 常用词:the next day / month / year / evening, the following month等 | I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友 |

1 | 一般现在时 | 主语+V | I study English everyday.我每天都学习英语. | 2 | 一般过去时 | 主语+V-ed | TWO years ago, I studied English in America.两年前,我在美国学英语. | 3 | 一般将来时 | 主语+will+V. | If you are having problems, I will help you study English.如果你在学习英语当中遇到问题,我将帮助你. |
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| 主语+be going to+V |
| 4 | 现在进行时 | 主语+be+doing | I am studyingEnglish now.我正在学习英语. | 5 | 过去进行时 | 主语+was/were+doing | I was studying English when you called yeaterday.你昨天给我打电话的时候我正在学习英语. | 6 | 将来进行时 | 主语+ will be+doing | I will be studying English when you arrive tonight.明晚你来的时候我会正在学习英语. |
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| 主语+be going to+be+doing | I'm going to be studying English when you arrive tonight. | 7 | 现在完成时 | 主语+have/has done | I have studied English in several different countries.在一些国家,我已经学习了英语. | 8 | 过去完成时 | 主语+had done | I had studied a lttle English before I moved to the U.S.在我搬去美国之前,我已经学习了一点英语. | 9 | 将来完成时 | 主语+will+have done | I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.在我完成这个课程的时候,我已经能完成英语时态的学习了. |
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| 主语+be going to+have done | I'm going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. | 10 | 现在完成进行时 | 主语+have/has been doing | I have been studying English for ten years.我已经学习英语有十年的时间了. | 11 | 过去完成进行时 | 主语+had been doing | I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to the U.S.在我搬去美国之前.我已经学习了十年的英语了. | 12 | 将来完成进行时 | 主语+will have been doing | 1 will have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive.明晚你来的时候我已经学习英语3个小时了。 |
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| 主语+be going to have been doing | I'm going to have beenstudying English for over three hours by the time you arrive |
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时态:不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表示,这每一种不同的形式就叫做时态 | 一般时态 | 强调动作本身。具有叙述性质 | 进行时态 | 强调动作的过程。具有描述性、生动性 | 完成时态 | 强调动作的结果。具有逻辑推导性 | 完成进行时态 | 强调动作的连贯不断和结果。具有原因和过程的描述性 |
时态 | 时间状语 | 一般现在时 | often, always, usually, sometimes, never, once a week, twice a year, every day, every week等 | 一般过去时 | then, just now, yesterday, last night, a few days ago等 | 现在进行时 | now, right now, at the moment, this week, these days等 | 过去进行时 | then, at that time, this time yesterday, from 8 to 10 yesterday morning等 |
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| 现在完成时 | already, just, yet, never, recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, “for +一段时间”,“since +过去的时间点”等 |
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| 过去完成时 | before, by, by the time, by the end of last month / year等 | 一般将来时 | tomorrow, next Friday / week / year, in the future,“in +一段时间”等 | 过去将来时 | the next day / month / year / evening, the following month等 |
名词 | 疑问句 | 一般现在时 | 主动语态 | 动词 | 祈使句 | 一般将来时 | 被动语态 | 形容词 | 感叹句 | 一般过去时 | 虚拟语气 | 代词 | 否定句 | 现在完成时 |
| 冠词 | 倒装句 | 现在进行时 |
| 数词 | 强调句 | 将来完成时 |
| 介词 | 存在句 | 将来进行时 |
| 连词 | 省略句 | 过去进行时 |
| 情态动词 | 状语从句 | 过去完成时 |
| 非谓语动词 | 定语从句 | 过去将来时 |
| 连系动词 | 名词性从句 |
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| 疑问词 |
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| 感叹词 |
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