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一、原因状语从句的基本引导词 原因状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生原因的状语从句。 because 因为 as 由于 since 既然 now that既然 when既然 considering (that) 考虑到 given (that) 考虑到；鉴于 Seeing that 因为；由于；鉴于 1. 用because引导： 其意为“因为” (1)The little boy was crying because he was lost. 那小孩因迷路而哭。 (2)I bought the house simply because it was large. 我买这房子不过是因为它很大。 (3)The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而缩水。 (4)I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。 （5）I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 （6）She can drive by herself because she has passed her test. 她现在可以独立开车了，因为她已经通过了驾驶考试。 （7）I’m afraid we don’t stock refills for pens like yours because there’s little demand for them. 恐怕我们没有像你这样的钢笔的库存品，因为对它们的需求很少。 （8）They can’t have gone out because the light on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 2. 用as引导： 其意为“由于” (1)As he is ill, he can’t come to the meeting. 由于生病了，他不能来参加会议。 (2)As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿，我留了个口信。 （3）As it was raining, I stayed at home. 由于下雨，我便呆在家里。 3. 用since引导： 其意为“既然” (1)Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然问，我就告诉你。 (2)Since you are going, I will go,too. 既然你去，我也去。 (3)Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 既然/由于我们没钱，我们就不能买它。 （4）Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it. 既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 4. 用now that引导：其意为“既然” (1)Now that you have come you may as well stay. 既然你来了，你不妨留下。 (2)Now that you’re growing up you must learn to stand on your own two feet用你自己的两只脚站着. 你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。 (3)Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧(既来之，则安之)。 （4）Now that you are well again, you can travel. 既然你恢复了健康，你就可以去旅行了。 （5）Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 既然我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。 5.用when 引导 其意为“既然” （1）I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了 （2）How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television? 他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了, 还能学什么东西呢? 6.用considering (that)引导：其意为“考虑到” （1）Considering he’s only just started, he knows quite a lot 非常了解 about it. 考虑到他只是刚刚开始, 他对此的了解已经不少了。 7.用given (that)引导：其意为“考虑到”“鉴于” （1）Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 /鉴于她对孩子感兴趣，我相信教书对她来说是正确的职业。 8.用Seeing that 引导： 其意为“因为”“由于” “鉴于” （1）Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。 （2）Seeing that you’re already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside. 鉴于你已到了门口，我想我必须邀请你入内。 第一种情况 连词that很少用来引导原因状语从句，但在某些表示情感的不及物动词之后，that 分句说明这种情感产生的原因，因而可以看作原因状语分句。例如： (1)I rejoice that you are coming home. 你要回家我很高兴。 （2）I grieve that he has lost his dear child. 他失去了他亲爱的孩子，我很难过。 第二种情况 在以表示情感状态的形容词为主语补语的SVC结构中，that-分句也可以看作原因状语分句，表示这种感情所产生的原因。 （1）I am pleased that you have decided to come. 我很高兴你决定来。/ （2）I am sorry (that) I broke your pen. 对不起，我弄坏了你的笔。 （3）I am ashamed that you should be so cowardly. 我为你这么懦弱而感到羞愧。 / （4）I was surprised that he disagreed. 我很惊讶他不同意。 第三种情况 在not that… ，but that…结构中，that=because，从而这种that-分句也是原因状语。 （1）I haven’t finished writing the report yet, not that I dislike the work, but that I have not time. 我还没有写完报告，不是因为我不喜欢这项工作，而是因为我没有时间。 （2）He always travelled third-class, not that he was so miserly, but that he wanted to go side by side with ordinary people. 他总是坐三等舱旅行，不是因为他很吝啬，而是想和普通人并肩而行。 第四种情况 在下列结构中，that=as，它所引导的分句有时表示原因，有时表示让步： （1）Coward that he was, he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked. (表原因) 他很懦弱，敌人一进攻他就跑了。 （2）Coward that he was, he ran forward at the signal to attack. （表让步） 他很懦弱，但他在发出进攻信号时跑了过去。
三、注意事项 1. considering 和 given 还可用介词。 (1)Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说，这小孩读得挺好的。 (2)Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 2. 表示“因为”的连词不能与表示“所以”的 so 连用。 (1)因为他病了，所以没有出席会议。 误：Because he was ill, so he didn’t attend the meeting. 正：He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 正：He was ill so he didn’t attend the meeting. (2)既然你很忙，那就不必来了。 误：As you are busy, so you needn’t come. 正：As you are busy, you needn’t come. 正：You are busy, so you needn’t come. as是从属连词，在此引导原因状语从句；so 是并列连词，在此连接一个并列句，所以误句结构混乱，应去掉其中一个。 3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点： 1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于强调结构被强调。 2) 当表示直接的因果关系，回答 why 时，或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。 3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。 该结构中的否定词有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释： I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我没有去是因为怕。/ 我不是因为怕才去。 不过若because之前有just修饰，一般认为not 是否定从句的： You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不应该因为别人说你坏话而生气 汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”，但英语习惯上却不能将 so 与 because 连用： 因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。 正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home. 误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 6.because 从句与 because of 短语的转换 Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换： （1）He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。 （2）I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 我什么也没说，因为他妻子在那儿。 / 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。 |
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