英译汉翻译技巧9|状语从句的翻译

白鹤云轩 2023-02-05 发布于广东

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状语从句的翻译

英语中状语从句用得比较多，位置也比较灵活。根据汉语的特点，汉译时位置往往这样处理：比较和结果状语从句放在主句后面；方式状语从句可前可后；其他状语从句（时间、条件、原因、目的、结果或让步等）一般放在主句之前。

时间状语从句

一、译成相应的时间分句

1) From her second floor window she could see the postman when he came.

邮差来时，她从三楼的窗口望出去就可以看见。

2) After what had happened he could not continue to work there.

事情发生后，他无法在那里继续工作下去了。

二、译成并列分句

1) She sobbed as she told us her miserable past.

她一边向我们叙述她悲惨的过去，一边啜泣着。

2) While there is life,there is hope.

留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

三、译成“刚（一）·····就······”的句型

1）Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage.

她在台上一出现就响起了暴风雨般的掌声。

2）Scarcely had we gathered in the grain when it began to rain.

我们刚把粮食收进来，就下雨了。

四、由until/till引导的从句译法

1) I don't like meeting people until I have this dental work done.

在我牙齿修补好之前，我不想会客。

分析：主句否定时，把until 当作 before来译。

2) Not until I had received his letter, did I understand why he had been absent from the meeting.

直到我收到了他的信后，才明白他缺席会议的原因。

分析：原句是强调句，until 当成 after来译。

3) I waited for him till the sun set.

我等他一直等到日落西山。

分析：当主句肯定时till译为“直到··. . ··为止”

五、由before 引出的时间状语从句

1）Unfortunately, he died before his wish could come true.

遗憾的是，他愿望还没有实现，就去世了。

2）But my teacher had been with me several weeksbefore I understood thateverything has a name.

可是老师和我生活在一起几个星期之后，我才明白样样东西都有个名称。

分析：将从句译成正句，主句译成偏句，把before 当成after来译，正句中加“才”加强语气。

六、将英语里表示时间的从句译成汉语的正句，而将其主句译成偏句

1）I was writing a letter to her when she came to visit me.

我正要给她写信，她却来看我了。

2） They were just going to get on the bus when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them.

他们正要上车，突然背后一声巨响。

七、时间状语从句的转换译法由于英语本身有时存在着内容和形式不一致的情况，所以有些形式上像时间状语的从句应按其逻辑关系译成原因、条件、让步、目的等偏句。

1）He was very much surprised when his visitor turned out to be a handsome young woman.

来客竟是一位年轻美貌的女士，他感到十分惊讶。

2）He usually walks when he might ride.

虽然有车可坐，但他通常总是步行。

条件状语从句

一、译成“条件”分句

汉语中条件分句常用的关联词有：“只要”、“如果”、“一旦”等。在语气上，“只要”最强，“如果”最弱。英语中的“条件”状语从句的位置比较灵活，汉语中的“条件”分句一般前置。

1）If the prices rose,he would buy less; if they fell,he might buy more.

如果涨价，他就少买；如果降价，他就可能多买。

2）I 'll remember the incident as long as I live.

这件事我一辈子也忘不了。

3)We will let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.

只要你们能保持整齐清洁，我们可以让你们使用这个房间。

二、译成“假设”分句汉语中“假设”分句常用的关联词有“倘使”、“假如”、“万一”、“如果”。其位置一般在句首。

1)If only he could have understood the doctor's words.

如果他能弄懂医生的话就好了。

2)What if anything happened to me?

我要是有个三长两短，那可怎么办呢？

3)She would have fallen but that I caught her.

要不是我抓住她，她早就摔倒了。

三、将分句置于句末，译成补充说明情况的分句

1)We'll come over to see you on Wednesday if we have time.

我们将在星期三来看你，如果有空的话。

四、转换译法转换译法，即按逻辑关系，将条件状语从句译成“让步”、“结果”、“时间”等分句。

1)If he was so able as to solve such a difficult maths problem known to the world, it is because he was extremely diligent and absolutely absorbed in mathematics.

他之所以能解决这样一个世界著名的数学难题，是因为他非常勤奋且对学的全身心投入。

2) If we have carried on thorough investigations, we can draw a corresconclusion.只有当我们做了彻底的调查研究之后，才能得出正确的结论。（如果进行了彻底的调查研究，我们就可以得出正确的结论。）

让步状语从句

英语让步状语从句一般用“although”，“though',“no matter',“even if”，＂even though','however','whatever','granted that”，“adj. /adv. /v. +as”等从属连词、词组和句型构成。在汉语中，引导“让步”的常用关联词有“尽管”，“虽然”，“即使”，“就算”等。英语中“让步”从句的位置比较灵活；汉语中一般前置，但在现代汉语中受西方语言的影响，也渐渐出现让步状语后置的现象。

1)I shall remember how you pushed me back into the red room, though I was frightened,and begged you for mercy.

我不会忘记你是怎样把我推回到红房子里去的，尽管我由于害怕乞求过你宽恕。

分析：将and连接的谓语译成因果关系。

2)However hard the task (may be), we must fulfill it in time.

不管任务多么艰巨，我们必须及时完成。

3)Much as I like it, I will not buy it.

虽然我很喜欢这东西，但不想买。

原因状语从句

原因状语从句常用的从属连词和词组有有“because”，“as”，“since”，“seeingthat”，“considering that”，“now that”，“not that,but that”等。汉译时常用的关联词有“因为······所以”、“由于······因此”、“鉴于··. . . ·”等。英语原因状语从句比较灵活，一般来说，由because引起的从句后置较多，由as,since,now that,considering that,seeing that 引起的从句前置较多。

一、译成表因分句

1)Don't try to drive through Cambridge during the five minutes between lectures,as you will find crowds of people on bicycles hurrying in all directions.

在课间休息的五分钟时间里不要在剑桥大学里开车，因为你会发现成群骑自行车的人匆匆忙忙地奔向四面八方。

2)She felt that her husband should help with the chore since theirs was a joint home.

既然他们组成了家庭，她觉得丈夫就应该帮忙干这些家务事。

3)Seeing that one of its wings was hurt, he took it home and looked after it carefully until it was well again,and then he set it free.

因为看见它一只翅膀受伤了，他就把它带回家仔细照料，等到它痊愈之后，把它放飞了。

二、省略关联词而把原因状语从句译成汉语偏正复句中的正句

1) Since we live near the sea, we can often go swimming.

我们住在海边，所以可以常去游泳。

2) As the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.

天气很好，于是我把所有的窗子都打开了。

三、译成因果关系内含的并列分句

1)Now that everybody is here, let's begin our discussion.

大家都到了，咱们开始讨论吧

2)Since he is busy, I won't trouble him.

他很忙，我就不打扰他了。

3)I'm glad that you have been assigned such an important task.

我真高兴上级给了你这样一项重要的任务。

目的状语从句

目的状语从句常用的从属连词有：in order that,lest,for fear that,in case（that),so that等。汉语常用的连词有：为了、省得、以免、以使、生怕等。

1)He just wanted me to see you so that we may make sure you understand

everything.

他只是让我来看看你，确信你对一切都明白。

2)People came here from all over Europe in order that they could study the new

methods.

人们从欧洲各地来到这里，为的是能够学习新方法。

3)He walked on tiptoes for fear that he might wake the patient.

他踮着脚走，以免惊醒病人

4)They set out early so that they might arrive in time.

他们为了准时到达，很早就动身了。

结果状语从句

英语结果状语从句常用的从属连词有：that,so. . .that,so that,such. . .that等。

1)The world's natural resources are being used up so rapidly that there would notbe enough to provide an adequate standard of living for everyone within the nexttwo centuries.

地球上的自然资源消耗得很快，在未来的两个世纪内将没有足够的资源保障人们相当的生活水平。

2)Wells passed his examination with such goord marks that he was given thechance to study science at London University.

维尔思的考试成绩优异，获得了在伦敦大学攻读自然科学的机会。

3) The rain is not likely to stop for some time, so we had better hurry home.

这场雨一时不可能停下来，我们还是赶快回家为好。

4)Light travels so fast that it is very difficult for us to imagine its speed.

光传播的速度快得让我们难以想象。

方式状语从句

英语方式状语从句常用的连词有：as,as if,just as,as though等。从句位置一般都后置。汉语常用的连词有：如同、好像、宛如、仿佛、正如等

1) The boys jumped on their blankets as they were told to kill the locusts.

孩子们按照吩咐在毯子上蹦跳，来踩死蝗虫。

2) There was a pause at the other end as if someone was searching through a lis.