 L lack 1. (a) lack of sth 缺乏某事物。如： That shows a lack of common sense. 那表明缺乏常识。 Lack of rest made her tired. 她因缺乏休息而感到疲倦。 2. for [through, because of] lack of sth 因为缺乏某事物。如： I can’t buy it because of my lack of money. 我不能买它是因为没钱。 The plants died for [through] lack of water. 这些植物因为缺水而死了。 It cannot be discussed here for lack of space (time). 限于篇幅(时间)，这个问题在此无法讨论。 3. be lacking 缺乏。如： Money was lacking for the plan. 这项计划缺乏资金。 Humour is lacking in his speeches. 他讲话缺乏幽默。 He seemed to be lacking in frankness. 他似乎不够坦率。 4. lack sth 缺乏某事物。如： The soldiers lacked food. 士兵们缺食物。 He lacked the courage to do it. 他缺乏勇气做这事。 注：用作动词的 lack(缺乏)通常为及物动词，不要受名词用法的影响，在其后用介词 of。不过有时可接介词for, 尤其用于lack for nothing 这一说法(意为：什么也不缺)。 lady 1. Ladies and Gentlemen 女士们，先生们。如： Kindly step this way, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们，先生们，请这边走。 Your attention please, ladies and gentlemen, the meeting is about to start. 请注意了，女士们，先生们，会议马上就要开始了。 注：该结构中的 ladies 和 gentlemen 一定要用复数。 2. ladies [lady] first 女士优先。如： Sorry, sir. Lady first. 对不起，先生，请让女士先来。 Get your tickets ready and ladies first please. 请把票准备好，女士优先入场。 lame 1. be lame in 跛……。如： He’s lame in the left leg. 他的左脚是跛的. The horse is lame in one leg. 这匹马有一只脚是跛的。 注：有时用介词 of 代替代词 in, 但不如用 in 常见。 2. go lame 变跛。如： He has gone lame. 他变跛了。 She went lame after the accident. 出事之后她就跛了。 last 1. at last 最后，终于。如： At last I have a good dictionary. 我终于有本好字典了。 At last she managed to get a job as typist. 最后她找到了一份当打字员的工作。 注：at last 通常用于“好”或“令人欣慰”的场合。另外，有时也可说成 at long last。如： At long last we found out what had really happened. 最后我们终于弄清了实际发生的情况。 2. in the last five (few) years 在过去五(几)年中。如： He has lived in the country in the last five years. 在过去五年中他一直住在乡下。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the last few years. 在过去的几年中我家乡发生了巨大的变化。 注：该结构指的是从过去持续到现在的一段时间(注:其中的five years 完全可换成其它时间短语)，所以通常与现在完成时连用，且其中的介词 in 有时可换成 for, over, during 等。如： I have been here for the last two weeks. 最近两周我一直在这里。 We’ve been having bad weather in the last few weeks. 这几周来天气一直不好。 My business has decreased during the last two months. 最近两个月内，我的生意减少了。 3. the last (1) 最后的……。如： He was the last (one) to come. 他最后一个来。 December is the last month of the year. 十二月是一年的最后一个月。 (2) 最不，极不，怎么也不。如： He’s the last man I want to see. 他是我最不想见的人。 He is the last person to tell a lie. 他绝不会说谎的。 That is the last thing I should expect him to do. 我怎么也没想到他会做出那种事来。 4. last (for) some time 持续一段时间。如： His illness lasted (for) a month. 他病了一个月。 The meeting lasted (for) two hours. 会议开了两个小时。 5. last till (until, into) 持续到……。如： The exhibition lasts till the end of this month. 展览会举办到本月底结束。 The hot weather will last until [into] September. 炎热的天气将会一直持续到九月。 6. last sb (for) some time 够某人用一段时间。如： Food will last us (for) two weeks. 食物可以供我们吃两个星期。 This money won’t last me a whole week. 这钱不够我花一个星期。 late 1. as late as 迟至……。如： He left here as late as May. 他迟至五月才离开。 He came as late as last Sunday. 迟至上个星期日他才来。 注：该结构后接的时间通常不用介词。如通常不说： 误：as late as in May / as late as in 1998 2. at the latest 至迟，最迟。如： I shall be back by 10 o’clock at the latest. 我最迟10点以前回来。 You must finish your work on Friday at the latest. 我最迟要在星期五完成工作。 3. be late for sth 做某事迟到。如： He’s never late for work. 他上班从不迟到。 Don’t be late for class again. 上课别再迟到了。 4. be late (in) doing sth / be late with sth 做某事做晚了或做迟了。如： I was late (in) getting up this morning. 今天早上我起床起得迟。 We were late with lunch [in having lunch] today. 我们今天午饭吃得迟。 5. later on 以后，后来，将来。如： I’ll call again later on. 我以后再打电话来。 Later on he realized his mistake. 后来了意识到了自己的错误。 注：可用于将来或过去，见上例。 6. some time late 迟到一段时间。如： She was five minutes late. 她迟到5分钟。 The train arrived five minutes late. 火车晚点五分钟。 laugh 1. laugh at (1) 嘲笑。如： He was laughed at by his friends. 他被朋友们嘲笑了。 Don’t laugh at a person who is in trouble. 不要嘲笑陷于困境的人。 (2) 因听见或看见……而笑。如： They all laughed at the joke. 他们都被这个笑话逗乐了。 She laughed at his words. 听了他的话，她大笑起来。 (3) 对……不以为然或付之一笑。如： He laughed at the difficulties. 他对这些困难一笑置之。 lead 1. lead (sb) a……life (使某人)过着某种生活。如： He leads a quiet life in the country. 他在乡下过着安静的生活。 The landlord led him a dog’s life. 那地主使他过着牛马不如的生活。 2. lead sb in doing sth 领导(带领)某人做某事。如： Our Party leads us in building socialism. 党领导我们建设社会主义。 He’ll lead the party of scientists (in) going to Paris. 他将带领这些科学家去巴黎。 3. lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事(有时有误导之意)。如： What he said led us to believe that he was rich. 他说的话使我们相信他有很多钱。 Her constant lying led me to distrust everything she said. 他经常撒谎，我完全不相信他的话了。 注：有时用于 lead sb to sth。如： What led you to this conclusion? 你是怎么得出这个结论的? 4. lead to (1) 通向(某地)。如： All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马。 This road leads to wealth. 这是一条致富路。 (2) 导致(某种结果)。如： Hard word leads to success. 努力工作可导致成功。 Smoking cigarettes leads to lung disease. 抽烟会导致肺部疾病。 learn 1. learn about [of] sb (sth) 听说关于某人或某事的情况。如： I learnt of [about] his death yesterday. 我昨天才得知他去世的消息。 We learned of [about] her success in the newspaper. 我们从报上得知她成功的消息。 2. learn from (1) 从……得知。如： We learned of her illness from him. 我们从他那儿得知了她生病了。 I learn from the paper that he has left. 我从报上得知他已离开了。 (2) 从……学习。如： People learn from experience. 人们从经验中学习。 Why don’t you learn from my mistakes? 你为什么不接受我错误的教训(即从我的错误中学习)呢? (3) 向……学习。如： We should help each other and learn from each other. 我们应该互相帮助，互相学习。 3. learn (how) to do sth 学习做某事。如： He’s learning (how) to drive a car. 他在学习开车。 You ought to learn (how) to be patient. 他必须学会耐心。 注：有时可接动名词(主要是指技艺或技术方面的动名词)。如： She learns to swim [swimming]. 她学习游泳。 least 1. at least 至少。如： He is at least as tall as you. 他至少跟你一样高。 You might at least have written to me. 你至少应该给我来封信。 The food wasn’t good, but at least it was cheap. 食物虽不怎么好，但至少价格还便宜。 2. in the least 一点(也不)， 丝毫(不)(主要用于否定句)。如： A：Are you tired? 你累吗? B：Not in the least. 一点也不累。 They don’t in the least understand this. 他们一点也不理解这事。 leave 1. leave for a place 离开去某地。如： He left for Paris. 他动身去巴黎了。 He left Beijing for Shanghai. 他离开北京去上海了。 2. leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中)。如： His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信让我感到很难受。 They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. 他们走开了，让我孤零零一个人坐在那儿。 3. leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事。如： We’re leaving him to do it. 我们打算让他去做这事。 He left me to wash the clothes. 他让我去洗衣服。 4. leave sb sth / leave sth for sb 给某人留下某物。如： The left me no food. / They left no food for me. 他们没有给我留下食物。 Someone left you this note. / Someone left this note foryou. 有人给你留下了这张条子。 5. leave sth to [with] sb 把某物交给(委托给)某人。如： You’d better leave the matter to [with] me. 你最好把这事交给我办。 I’ll leave everything to [with] you then. 那么我就把一切都交给你了。 注：leave sth to sb 可表示某人死后把某物留给某人。如： My aunt left a large fortune to me. / My aunt left mealarge fortune. 我姑妈死后给我留下一大笔财产。 left 1. at [on] the left 在左边。如： He sat on [at] my left. 他坐在我的左边。 Our school is on the left of the road. 我们的学校在马路左边。 His address is given at the left of the card. 他的地址写在名信片的左边。 注：有时用介词 to, 尤其是当距离较远时。如： He sat on my left. 他坐在我左边。(紧挨着左边坐) He sat to my left. 他坐在我左边。(只表示坐在我左边，不一定紧挨着) 2. turn left 向左拐。如： Turn left after the gas station. 过了加油站后向左拐。 You must turn left at the next corner. 你必须在下一个拐角处向左拐。 注：turn left 也可说成 turn to the left。如： Turn to the left at the church. 在教堂那里向左拐。 lend 1. lend itself to 适合于。如： This hot weather doesn’t lend itself to sleeping. 这样的天气睡觉太热了。 None of her books really lends itself to being made into a film. 她的书的确没有一本适合拍电影。 2. lend oneself to 让自己参与(不好的事)。如： I am surprised a person in his position lends himself tosuch a thing. 我很惊奇在他那样位置的人会干那样的事。 I refuse to lend myself to such a stupid plan. 我不会同意那样愚蠢的计划。 3. lend sb sth / lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人。如： He lent me his car. / He lent his car to me. 他把小车借给我。 He asked me to lend him some money. / He asked me to lendsome money to him. 他叫我借一些钱给他。 length 1. at lenght (1) 最后，终于。如： At lenght the bus arrived, forty minutes late. 公共汽车终于来了，晚了40分钟。 (2) 详细地，彻底地。如： We discussed the matter at length. 我们详细讨论了此事。 He talked at length about his work and his family. 他详细地谈了他的工作和家庭。 注：有时指“长时间地，罗唆地”。如： He spoke at length about nothing at all. 他罗唆半天，根本没说出什么名堂。 2. in length 长度是……，长……。如： The rope is 5 metres in length. 这根绳子5米长。 The room is 10 meters in length. 这房间10米长。 less 1. less and less 越来越小(少)。如： He did less and less work. 他做的工作越来越少。 The noise became less and less. 声音越来越小。 As I spoke to him he became less and less angry. 我一边同他谈，他一边气就漫漫消了。 2. less than (1) (指数量)不到，不足。如： It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我买它没要上10英镑。 It’s less than a mile to the station. 去车站不到一英里。 In less than an hour he finished the work. 没要上一个小时他就做完了工作。 (2) 比……(小)少。如： Two is less than Three. 二比三小。 She eats less than she should. 她吃得比她应该吃的少。 The job was less than perfect. 这工作不十分理想。 注：有时表示“一点也不”。如： He was less than helpful when we arrived. 我们到达时他一点也不帮忙。 3. less……than (1) 不象(如)……。如： He is less honest than his brother. 他不如他哥哥聪明。 This film is less interesting than that one. 这部电影不如那部电影有趣。 (2) 比……少，不如……多。如： We drink less coffee than tea. 我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。 I got less money than the others did. 我比别人得到的钱少。 (3) 与其……不如……。如： I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend. 与其说我把他当作老师，不如说我是把他当作朋友。 注：该结构有时可换成 not so……as。如： She is less beautiful than her sister. / She is not as beautiful as her sister. 她不如妹妹漂亮。 He was less angry than surprised. / He was not so angry as surprised. 与其说他是生气，不如说他是感到惊奇。 4. no less than (1) 多达，有……之多(强调数量之多)。如 ： We walked no less than three miles. 我们走了三英里之远。 No less than 1000 people attend the meeting. 参加会议的多达1000人。 注：not less than 意为“不下于”、“至少”。如 ： He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七个女儿之多。 He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七个女儿。 (2) 简直，与……没差别。如： It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要求多么多，简直跟抢劫没两样。 (3) 原来就是，正是。如： He was no less than the mayor. 他原来就是市长。 5. no less…than 与……一样，不比……差(强调有同等性)。如： She is no less wise than you. 他跟你一样聪明(他并不比你笨)。 A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。 let 1. let out (1) 泄漏。如： Someone has let the news out. 有人把消息泄漏出去了。 It was Jim who let out the secret. 泄漏秘密的是吉姆。 (2) 发出(声音等)。如： She let out a scream. 她尖叫一声。 2. let sb (sth) do stg 让某人(某事)做某理。如： Let me have a look at it. 让我看看。 We can’t let this go on. 我们不能让这事继续下去了。 注：其后有动词和副词连合使用时，若意思明确，往往省略动词而只保留副词。如： Let him (come) in. 让他进来。 Let him (pass) by. 让他过去。 3. let’s do sth 我们做某事吧(表示建议或劝诱)。如： Come on, Jim, let’s dance. 来吧，吉姆，我们跳舞吧。 Let’s go to the cinema. 我们去看电影吧。 Let’s go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗? 4. let us do sth (1) 请让(允许)我们做某事(表示请求或命令)。如： Let us go with you. 让我们跟你去。 Let us tell you what we saw in the museum. 让我们告诉你我们在博物馆里看到的情况。 (2) 我们做某事吧(表示建议或劝诱)。如： Let us be friends. 我们做朋友吧。 Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗? 比较： Let us go swimming, will you? 请让我们去游泳吧，好不? lie 1. lie in (1) 在于。如： The troube lies in engine. 毛病出在引擎上。 The cure lies in education. 挽救之道在于教育。 (2) 睡懒觉。如： It’s a holiday tomorrow, so you can lie in. 明天放假，所以你可以睡懒觉。 2. lie with sb 是某人的职权，取决于某人。如： The choice (decision) lies with you. 由你选择(决定)。 What we do next lies with him. 我们下一步做什么要由他决定。 3. lie about sth 谎说某事，在某事上说谎。如： He lied about his age. 他谎报年龄。 He lied about his career. 他编造假经历。 4. lie to sb 向(对)某人说谎。如： Don’t lie to me. 别骗我。 Even you lie to me. 甚至连你都对我说谎。 5. tell a lie 说谎。如： Don’t tell lies [a lie]. 别说谎。 The boy often tell lies. 这男孩老是说谎。 life 1. all one’s life 一生，一辈子。如： He’s lived here all his life. 他一辈子住在这里。 All my life I’ve tried to be an honest man. 我一生都在设法做一个诚实的人。 2. come to life (1) 苏醒过来。如： With the doctor’s help, he soon came to life. 在医生的帮助下，他很快就苏醒过来了。 (2) 变活跃，恢复生气。如： I seldom come to life before noon. 我中午前往往精神不振。 The town comes to life at night. 这个城镇晚上热闹。 3. for life 终生，终身。如： They became friends for life. 他们成了终生之交。 The murderer was imprisoned for life. 凶手被终身监禁。 4. true to life 逼真的，栩栩如生的。如： The story is true to life. 这个故事很逼真。 All the characters in the play are true to life. 剧中的所有角色都演得生动逼真。 lift 1. give sb a lift (1) 把某人抱(举)起来。如： Give him a lift; he is too small to see anything. 把他抱起来，他人矮，什么也看不见。 (2) 给某人搭便车。如： Can you give me a lift to the station? 你能让我搭个便车去车站吗? (3) 给某人提神(鼓舞等)。如： Drink it. It may give you a lift. 把它喝了，它也许能给你提提神。 (4) 帮某人一把。如： Give me a lift with this job. 帮我做这工作。 light 1. in the light of 在……光线下。如： They went out for a walk in the moon light. 他们在月光下到外面散了步。 注：有时用 by the light of, 表示“凭借……的亮光”。如： He worked by the light of the moon. 他在月光下工作(即:凭月光工作)。 2. light up (1) 点(烟)。如： He lighted up before speaking. 他在讲话前点了支烟。 (2) 点燃。如： He lighted up an oil lamp. 他点燃了煤油灯。 (3) 照亮。如： The sun lit up the room. 阳光照亮了房间。 The fire lit up his face. 火照亮了他的脸。 (4) 变亮，变高兴。如： The room suddenly lit up. 房间突然亮了起来。 Her face lighted up when she saw us. 她看到我们时面露喜色。 like 1. like doing [to do] sth (1) 喜欢做某事。如： I like watching [to watch] TV. 我喜欢看电视。 He likes travelling [to travel] alone. 他喜欢单独旅行。 I like being [to be] with her. 我喜欢与她在一起。 (2) 愿意做某事(主要用于否定句)。如： I don’t like bothering [to bother] him when he is busy. 我不愿在他忙的时候去打扰他。 He doesn’t like asking [to ask] for help. 他不愿求助。 2. like sb doing [to do] sth 喜欢做某事。如： I don’t like you smoking [to smoke]. 我讨厌你抽烟。 He doesn’t like people praiseing [to praise] him. 他不喜欢别人赞扬他。 注：用动名词时，其前的 sb 可以是所有格形式。如： I don’t like you [your] smoking. ) 3. would [should] like to do sth 想要(希望)做某事。如： I’d like to go with them. 我想同他们一起去。 He’d like to be a teacher. 他希望当教师。 注：该结构中的不定式不能改为动名词。另外，若表示未曾实现的想法与希望，其后不定式可用完成式。如： I’d like to have come to help, but I was too busy. 我本想来帮忙的，但却太忙了。 4. would [should] like sb to do sth 想要(希望)某人做某事。如： I’d like you to stay here. 我想要你留在这儿。 They wouldn’t like it to be talked about. 他们不愿大家谈论此事。 注：该结构中的不定式不能改为动名词。另外，若表示未曾实现的想法与希望，其后不定式可用完成式。如： I’d like you to have seen her. 我本来想让你见见她的。 5. How do you like…? 你觉得……怎么样? How do you like the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样? How do you like this city? 觉得这个城市怎么样? 6. if you like 如果你愿意，随你的便。如： If you like, we could go out this evening. 如果你愿意，今晚我们可以出去。 A：Shall I open the window again? 我再打开窗户好吗? B：If you like. 随你便吧。 likely 1. be likely to do sth 可能做某事。如： He is likely to come to the meeting. 他可能会来开会。 She is very likely to ring me up tonight. 她今晚很可能会给我打电话。(d8) 注：以上句型可作以下改写： It’s likely that he will come to the meeting. It’s likely that she will ring me up tonight. 2. most [very] likely (很)可能，大概。如： He will most likely be late. 他很可能会迟到。 Very likely he has gone home. 他很可能回家了。 注：该说法也用 as likely as not 表示。如： He will be late as likely as not. 他很可能会迟到。 3. not likely 决不可能，当然不会。如： A：Will you go with her? 你会同她一起去吗? B：Not likely. 才不会呢。 limit 1. limit…to… 把……限制在……范围内。如： Limit your answer to yes or no. 你只要回答是还是否。 Mother limited us to one cake each. 母亲限制我们每人只能吃一块蛋糕。 Try to limit your talk to 10 minutes. 请尽量把话在10分钟内讲完。 2. There is a limit to sth 对某事有限度。如： There is a limit to everything. 事事都有个限度。 There’s a limit to my patience. 我的忍耐是有限的。 There are limits to what I can do for you. 我能为你做的事有限(我不能什么事都帮你做)。 line 1. drop (sb) a line (给某人)写封短信。如： Drop me a line and let me know how you’re getting on. 给我写封短信，告诉我你的情况。 He dropped me a line thanking me for the gift. 他寄给我一封短信，感谢我给他送的礼物。 注：有时也用 send sb a line, 不如用 drop sb a line常见。 2. hold the line (电话用语)等一下。如： Will you hold the line for a moment? I’ll see ifheisin. 请等一下，我去看看他是否在。 Hold the line, please. I’ll put you through to Mr Green. 请稍等一下，我给你与格林先生接过去。 3. in line (1) 排成一行。如： The children are standing in line. 孩子们排成一行。 (2) 使有秩序。如： The police kept the crowd in line. 警察维持人群的秩序。 (3) 一致。如： Our thoughts on this subject are much in line. 我们在这个问题上的看法相当一致。 4. out of line (1) 不成一条直线，不在队伍中。如：D8 One of the soldiers is out of line. 有一名士兵没站齐。 (2) 不符合，不一致。如： His ideas are out of line with reality. 他的想法与实际不相符。 (3) 出格，越轨。如： Please excuse me if I’m out of line. 如有失礼之处，请多包涵。 5. be lined with sth 排列着某物。如： The road is lined with trees. 路的两边种着树。 The streets are lined with cars. 大街上汽车排列成行。 The river-bank was lined with people. 人们排列在河岸上。 6. line up (使)排队，(使)排成行。如： He lined the desks up. 他把课桌排成行。 We lined up to buy tickets. 我们排队买票。 The teacher lined the students up according to height. 老师把学生按个儿高矮排好队。 listen 1. listen for 听着等候……(的声音)。如： We listened for the bell. 我们听着等铃声响。 She listened for the baby’s cry. 她听着怕孩子哭。 2. listen in (1) 收听(广播)。如： Do you often listen in to the radio? 你经常收听广播吗? He likes to listen in late at night? 他喜欢晚上听广播听到很迟的时候。 (2) 偷听。如： Someone is listening in to [on] our conversatio. 有人在偷听我们的谈话。 3. listen to 听……。如： Listen to the teacher carefully. 请仔细听老师讲。 They are listening to the radio. 他们在听无线电广播。 little 1. a little 一点儿。如： He knows a little French. 他懂一点点法语。 He is now a little over fifty. 他今年五十刚出头。 Can you stay a little longer? 你能再呆会儿吗? I feel a little cold. 我感到有点冷。 2. little by little 一点点地，慢慢地，渐渐地。如： Little by little things returned to normal. 慢慢地情况恢复了正常。 His health seems to be improving little by little. 他健康状况看来正在好转。 3. not a little (1) 很，相当。如： He was not a little surprised. 他极为惊奇。 She was not a little satisfied with the result. 她对结果相当满意。 (2) 不少的，相当多的。如： It has given me not a little trouble. 这给带来不少麻烦。 She spent not a little money on clothes. 她花了相当多的钱来买衣服。 4. quite a little 相当多的，不少的。如： It gives quite a little pleasure. 这给我不少乐趣。 We are not finished; quite a little is left todo. 我们还没做完，还有不少工作要做。 注：quite a little 与 not a little 大致同义，有时可换用。 live 1. live by 靠……谋生(指方法或手段等)。如： They live by honest labour. 他们靠诚实劳动过活。 Sheep live by eating grass. 绵羊吃草。 2. live on (1) 以……为食，靠……生活。如： The Chinese live on rice. 中国人以大米为主食。 He lives on his friends. 他靠朋友接济度日。 注：有时也用 live upon, live off。如： Sheep live on [upon] grass. 绵羊吃草。 He still lives off his parents. 他还靠父母生活。 (2) 继续活着，继续存在。如： She lived on for many years after her husband died. 她丈夫死后她还活了若干年。 Mozart is dead but his music lives on. 莫扎特人已作古，但他的音乐作品却万古流传。 3. live to do sth (1) 为做某事而生活。如： Eat to live, but do not live to eat. 吃是为了活， 但不要为了吃而活着。 (2) 活着可以做某事。如： He lived to see his granddaughter married. 他在有生之年看到了孙女儿结婚。 loan 1. give sb the loan of sth 把某物借给某人。如： I gave him the loan of my umbrella. 我把雨伞借给他。 He gave me the loan of some money. 他借给一些钱。 2. have [get] the loan of sth 借某物。如： May I have the loan of your typewriter? 我可以借你的打字机吗? He got the loan of a book from a friend. 他从朋友处借了一本书。 3. loan sb sth / loan sth to sb 借某物给某人。如： Will you loan me your pen? / Will you loan you pen to me? 请你把钢笔借给我好吗? He loaned me some money. / He loaned some money to me. 他借给我一些钱。 4. on loan 借(来)。如： He has my car on loan. 他借了我的汽车。 I have the book on loan from the library. 我从图书馆借了这本书。 long 1. as long as (1) 与……一样长(久)。如： This river is as long as that one. 这条河与那条河一条长。 He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在国外长达五年之久。 注：在否定句中，也可用 (not) so long as。如： He didn’t stay there as [so] long as she. 他在那儿住得不如她久。 (2) 只要。如： As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。 You can borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把书弄脏，这书你就可以借。 注：这样用的 as long as 也可用 so long as 替换 (不管是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句)。如： As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。 2. for long 很久，好久。如： We won’t stay for long. 我们不会久住。 Were you there for long? 你在那里很久吗? 注：这样用的 for long 通常用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。 3. no longer / not……any longer 不再。如： She doesn’t live here any longer. / She no longer liveshere. 他不住在这里了。 I will no longer go there. / I won’t go there any longer. 我再也不去那里了。 4. so long 再见。如： Well, so long, I’m off. 好，再见吧，我走了。 5. long for sth 渴望(得到)某物。如： He longs for friendship. 他渴望友谊. The boy is longing for home. 这孩子渴望回家。 6. long to do sth 渴望做某事。如： He is longing to see her. 他渴望见到她。 They longed to go abroad. 他们渴望出国。 7. long for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事。如： I’m longing for him to come home. 我渴望他能回来。 We all long for her to stay. 我们都渴望她能留下。 look 1. look about [around] (1) 环顾四周。如： The man kept looking about. 这个人不停地环顾四周。 (2) 随便看，到处看。如： A：What can I do for you, madam? 夫人，想买什么吗? B：No, I’m just looking around. 不是，只是随便看看。 (3) 到处寻找。如： I’m looking about for a house. 我在找一座房子。 (4) 仔细考虑。如： Look about carefully before making the decision. 先仔细考虑，然后再作决定。 2. look after 照顾，照料，关心。如： I can look after myself. 我能照顾自己。 Who is looking after the luggage? 谁在照看行李? 3. look at (1) 看……，注视……。如： He looked at me and smiled. 他望着我笑了。 Look at him jump [jumping]. 请看他跳。 (2) 看待。如： That’s the way I look at it. 我就是那样看待它的。 (3) 考虑(多用于含有否定意义的句子)。如： They refused to look at my suggestion. 他们拒不考虑我的建议。 (4) 检查。如： He came to look at the drainage. 他是来检查排水设备的。 4. look back (1) 回顾，回想。如： I still shudder when I look back on the past. 想起过去，我仍然不寒而栗。 (2) 停滞，畏缩，倒退(通常用于否定句)。如： From this time on, he never looked back. 从此以后，他便不断进步。 5. look down on [upon] 看不起，瞧不起。如： You shouldn’t look down upon the poor. 你不应该瞧不起穷人。 She likes tennis, but looks down on football. 她喜欢网球，但轻视足球。 6. look for (1) 寻找。如： I’ve looked for it everywhere. 我到处找过它了。 You are looking for trouble. 你是在自找麻烦。 (2) 期待，指望。如： We shall be looking for an improvement in your work this term. 我们期待你这学期学习进步。 It’s too soon yet to look for results. 现在就指望有结果，未免为时过早。 7. look forward to 期待，盼望。如： We’re looking forward to hearing from you. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 The children are looking forward to your visit. 孩子们都盼望着你的到来。 注：该结构中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，所以其后接动词时要用动名词，而不用动词原形。 8. look in (顺便)来访。如： Why don’t you look in (on) me next time you’re in town? 你下次进城来顺便来串串门好吗? I may look in at the party on my way home. 我回家时可能顺便到聚会处去看看。 9. look into 调查，研究，了解。如： We’ll look into that right away. 我们会马上调查此事。 The police are looking into the cause of the accident. 警方正调查事故原因。 10. look like (1) 看起来象。如： He looks like your brother. 他看上去象你哥哥。 What does he look like? 他长相如何? He looks like an honest man. 看来他象个老实人。 (2) 好象要，似乎要。如： It looks like rain [raining]. 好象要下雨了。 He looks like winning. 好象他要赢了。 11. look on (1) 旁观。如： No, I’m not playing; I’m just looking on. 不，我不打，我只是看看。 (2) 看(待)(尤指带有某种目光或情绪等)。如： She was looked on with distrust. 人家对她总是不信任。 (3) 看作，当作(与 as 连用)。如： He looks on me as his best friend. 他把我当作最好的朋友。 We looked on this as useless. 我们认为这个东西毫无用处。 12. look out (1) 向外看。如： Don’t look out of the window. 别往窗外看。 He stood at the window and looked out (at the view). 他站在窗前向外望(观看景色)。 (2) 注意，当心，小心。如： Look out. There’s a car coming! 当心!汽车来了! If you don’t look out, you’ll hurt yourself. 你若不当心，你会受伤的。 (3) 找出，挑选出。如： We looked out his address in, the telephone directory. 我们在电话簿里查到了他的地址。 13. look over 审阅，翻阅，打量，检查。如： Would you mind looking over my exercises? 请你帮我看一下我的练习好吗? He looked her over and nodded lightly. 他上下打量她，然后微微点了点头。 14. look through 翻阅，浏览。如： Before the meeting he looked through the reports. 开会前他把报告看了一遍。 Look through your notes before the examination. 考试前翻翻你的笔记。 15. look to 注意，负责。如： The country must look to its defences. 这个国家必须加强防务。 Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要让这事再发生。 16. look up (1) 查阅，查找。如： Look up this word in the dictionary. 这个词查查词典吧。 (2) 看望，拜访，找(人)。如： I want to look up an old friend. 我想去看一位朋友。 (3) 好转。如： Things are looking up. 情况在好转。 17. look up to 尊敬。如： I look up to my parents. 我尊敬父母。 He is good teacher. We’ve always look up to him. 他是位好老师，我们一向尊重他。 loss 1. at a loss 不知所措，不知如何是好，无法(找到)。如： I’m at a loss what to do next. 我不知道下一步怎么办。 He was at a loss for work. 他无法找到工作。 I’m at a loss to know what he means. 我不懂他的意思。 比较： He was at a loss for an answer. / He was at a loss how toanswer. 他不知如何回答是好。 2. the loss of sth 某物的丢失，丢失某物。如： He told the police about the loss of his car. 他告诉警察他的小汽车丢了。 Loss of health is worse than loss of wealth. 丧失健康比丢失金钱更糟。 lot 1. a lot (1) 很，非常。如： Thanks a lot. 多谢。 I’m feeling a lot better today. 我今天感觉好多了。 注：有时用 lots。如： He can run lots faster than me. 他跑得比我快得多。 (2) 许多。如： He’s given her a lot to eat. 他给了她许多吃的东西。 There’s a lot to do before the meeting. 会前还有许多事要做。 (3) 经常，常常。如： We see a lot of him these days. 这几天我们经常见到他。 They play tennis quite a lot in the summer. 夏天他们经常打网球。 2. a lot of / lots of (1) 许多。如： I haven’t got a lot of time. 我时间不多。 A lot of people here have seen the film. 这儿许多人都看过这部电影。 (2) 难以……，煞费……(后接动名词)。如： That won’t take a lot of doing. 那事并不难办。 His story takes a lot of believing. 他说的话难以置信。 love 1. love doing [to do] sth 喜欢做某事，爱做某事。如： Children love playing [to play]. 儿童爱玩。 He simply loves finding [to find] mistakes. 他就是喜欢找茬儿。 2. love sb doing [to do] sth 喜欢做某事。如： I love him reading to me in bed. 我喜欢在床上听他给我读点什么。 He loves to go to the cinema and loves her to go with him. 他喜欢去电影，并且喜欢邀她一起去。 3. would [should] love to do sth 想要(希望)做某事。如： I’d love to go with them. 我想同他们一起去。 He’d love to be a policeman. 他希望当警察。 注：口语中常说 I’d love to, 表示愿意做某事。如： A：How about coming with us? 同我们一起去好吗? B：I’d love to. 我很愿意。 另外注意：该结构中的不定式不能改为动名词。若表示未曾实现的想法与希望，其后不定式可用完成式。如： I’d love to have stayed longer. 我本来想呆久一点的。 4. would [should] love sb to do sth 想要(希望)某人做某事。如： I’d love you to come. 我希望你来。 We’d love the work to be done at once. 我们希望把这工作马上做了。 注：该结构中的不定式不能改为动名词。另外，若表示未曾实现的想法与希望，其后不定式可用完成式。如： I’d love you to have seen her. 我本来想让你见见她的。 5. be in love (with sb) (与某人)相爱。如： He is in love with Mary. 他与玛丽相爱。 Jim and Lily are in love (with each other). 吉姆与莉莉在相恋爱。 注：有时用于事物，表示“爱上”、“喜欢上”。如： He is in love with art. 他爱上了艺术。 6. fall in love with sb 爱上某人。如： She fell in love with her teacher. 她爱上了自己的老师。 注：该句型中的 fall 为终止性动词，不用于一段时间。如： 他与她相爱三年了。 误：He has fallen in love with her for three years. 正：He has been in love with her for three years. 另外，有时也用于事物，表示“爱上”、“喜欢上”。如： She fell in love with the house as soon as she saw it. 她一看到这房子就喜欢上了。 7. give [send] one’s love to 向某人问好。如： Give my love to your parents, please. 请代问你父母好。 Mother sends her love to you. 妈妈向你问好。 luck 1. be in (out of) luck 走运(不走运)。如： I’m quite out of luck today. 我今天真倒霉。 You are in luck; we have what you want. 你真走运，你要的我们都有。 2. for luck 为了带来好运。如： I always carry it for luck. 我总带着它以求吉利。 I’m giving you this ring for luck. 我送你这只戒指，是祝你好运。 3. good luck 好运气。如： I had good luck. 我运气好。 With good luck I might succeed. 如果运气好，我会成功的。 注：有时用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如： Good-bye and good luck to you. 再见，祝你好运。 Good luck tomorrow in the exam. 祝你明天考试好运。 4. Luck is with sb 某人运气好。如： Luck was with us and we won easily. 我们运气真好，很容易就赢了。 注：与该句型意思相反的句型为 Luck is against sb。如： Luck was against us. 我们不走运。 5. the luck to do sth 很幸运能够做某事。如： I had the luck to find him at home. 我很幸运，找他时他正在家。 He had the luck to escape death in the fire. 他在火灾中侥幸地逃过一劫。 6. try one’s luck 碰碰运气。如： He decided to try his luck in insurance. 他决定在保险业方面碰碰运气。 He tried his luck at the gambling tables. 他在赌场上碰运气。 lucky 1. be lucking in doing sth 很幸运。如： He was lucky in finding him. 他很幸运找到了他。 She is lucky in having a good husband. 她很幸运有一位好丈夫。 2. be lucky (enough) to do 很幸运做某事。如： He is lucky to have a good wife. 他很幸运有一位好妻子。 You’re lucky (enough) to be alive after the accident. 你大难不死可真幸运。 He is lucky to have escaped being caught. 他没被抓住真是幸运。 注：该结构有时表示“侥幸”。如： He was lucky to pass the driving test. 他侥幸通过了驾驶考试。 3. be lucky that-clause 很幸运……。如： It’s lucky that she’s still here. 她还是这里，真是万幸。 He’s lucky I didn’t beat him. 我没有赢他是他的运气。 注：有时用于 It’s lucky for sb that-clause。如： It’s lucky for me that he has a rich friend. 他很幸运有位有钱的朋友。 luckily 1. luckily for sb 某人很幸运。如： Luckily for you, I happen to have the key. 你真走运，我碰巧带了钥匙。 Luckily for us, the rain held off all day. 我们很幸运，一整天都没有下雨。 
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