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考查直接条件类虚拟语气 所谓直接条件类虚拟语气，就是指句子中含有if引导的条件句，并且这个条件与事实是不相符的，同时注意主句与从句所对应的时间（即是与现在时间不符还是与过去或将来时间不相符），从而确定主、从句谓语的动词形式。如： If Mr. Dewey ______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. were B. had been C. should be D. was 本题考查直接条件类虚拟语气，句子的条件由if直接引出，句子大意为：要是先生当时在场的话，他就会给那儿的人提供任何可能的帮助。根据本句中he would have offered可知，这里是表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句应用过去完成时。故答案选B。 考查间接条件类虚拟语气 所谓间接条件类虚拟语气，就是指句子中不直接出现if引导的条件句，而是将这个if所表示的条件隐含在某些词语或表达中。此时考生就要做以下三步工作：第一步是分析这个if引导的条件句隐含在什么词语或表达里；第二步是分析如何将这个“隐性”的条件转变为“显性”的条件（即将间接条件转化为直接条件）；第三步是根据直接条件类虚拟语气确定答案。比如下面这道题： They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ____to our help. A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come 本题的关键信息是or（要不然），“要不然”是什么意思，就是“如果不是那样的话”，可见这个or就是表示隐含条件的词语。根据句子前半部分的时态可知，本句是在谈论过去的情况，即这个or是指“过去如果不那样的话”，联系上文内容，这个or在此相当于if they hadn’t been abroad（如果他们当时不在国外的话）。比较四个选项，显然只有A符合要求or后面的句子可以改写为：If they hadn’t been abroad, they would have come to our help. 即答案选A。 考查固定句式类虚拟语气 英语中有些固定句式通常要与虚拟语气连用，如but for, would rather, it is time that…, I wish…, If only…等。但要注意这些句式所连用的虚拟语气格式不尽相同，如it’s time that…中的从句谓语通常用过去式；would rather后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去；等等。 We would rather our daughter __ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay 本题答案为C，与句中的would rather有关，即would rather后接句子时，用一般过去时表过现在的情况。句意为：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是一个小孩子了。 【典型例题】 1) If I had seen the movie， I ______________ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 解析:错选D。从句时态为过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反;而主句有now，点明时间为现在，应该选择A。 2)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 3)_____ to do the work， I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 解析:答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were， should， had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前， 变成 were， should， had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do.， 而不能说 Weren't I to do. 4). My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise， which will do a lot ofgood to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took 解析:错选A。本题要表达"我的建议是她(应该)多锻炼，这对她会有很大好处。"符合虚拟的条件，所以正确答案为C。空前面省略了should 【边学边练】（参考答案BBDBC） 1. I’d certainly tell you if I ____ anything, but I don’t. What you’re saying is news to me. A. know B. knew C. was knowing D. had known 2. If the new safety system __ in use, the accident would never have happened. A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been 3. We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we ____ here by lunch time. A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been 4. If you don’t have anything constructive to say, I’d rather you _______ quiet. A. keep B. kept C. would keep D. had kept 5. I wish the people in the next flat _______ down their radio. You can hear every word. A. turn B. had turned C. would turn D. would have turned 1. —I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. —It’s time you _______. A. do B. did C. had D. would 2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 3. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 4. —Your sister nearly devoted all her spare time to her course during the three years. —That’s right, or she _______ the first place in her school in the 2002 College Entrance Examination. A. wouldn’t take B. wouldn’t have taken C. hadn’t taken D. couldn’t take 5. —I’m sorry I spent so much money, Dad. —I wish you _______ so. A. hadn’t done B. didn’t do C. haven’t done D. wouldn’t do 6. It seems as if the sun _______ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west. A. circles B. is circling C. were circling D. has been circling 7. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _______ all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 8. —I’m sorry I spent so much money, Dad. —I wish you _______ so. A. hadn’t done B. didn’t do C. haven’t done D. wouldn’t do 9. I would have come earlier, but I _______ that you were waiting for me. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known 10. I advised that he _______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _______ quite well then. A. be sent; was feeling B. was sent; felt C. be sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel 11. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _______ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 12. I forget where I read the article, or I _______ it to you now. A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing （1）I wish it ______ not so cold outside. A. shall be B. be C. were D. is 我希望外面不要这么冷。 （2）I wish I ______ you better. A. know B. knew C. will know D. have known 我真希望我更了解你。 I wish you ______ such a great deal of fuss. A. were not caused B. had not caused C. have not caused D. are not caused 我希望你没有引起这样大的烦恼。 （2）I wish that you ______ such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. hadn't had B. hadn't C. didn't have D. hadn't have 我希望你没有头痛得这么厉害，因为我相信你会喜欢 这场音乐会的。 （1）I wish that we ______ with my brother when he flies to England next week. A. could go B. had gone C. will go D. are going 我希望下周我哥哥飞往英国时我们能一起去。 EXERCISE 1. I wish you ______ like that. a. don't talk b. wouldn't talk c. won't talk d. not to talk 2. I wish I _____ how to operate the machine. a. have known b. know c. can know d. knew 3. He is not a millionaire but he _____ he were. a. wishes b. hopes c. longs d. believes 4. I wish that I ______ visit my uncle the day after tomorrow. a. shall b. have c. would d. am going to 5. I wish it ______ spring all the year round. a. will be b. were c. be d. is 6. I wish I _____ to that university with you yesterday. a. would go b. went c. did go d. had gone 7.I left very early last night, but I wish I ______ so early. a. didn't leave b. hadn't left c. haven't left d. couldn't leave 8.Nancy sometimes wishes that she ______ in the big city. a. was not living b. did not lived c. were not living d. does not live 9.James wishes he ______ the football game instead of the film. a. had seen b. saw c. had been seen d. see 10. While you're here, I wish ______ have a look around the house. a. you'll b. you've c. you'd d. you better 11.Looking back on it, I wish you ______ me first. a. asked b. have asked c. ask d. had asked 12.“Do you want me to lend you some money?” “I wish you ______. I would pay you back next week.” a. should b. would c. did d. might 13.I wished it ______ but it did. a. had not occurred b. would not occur c. was not occurred d. did not occur 14.He didn't go to her birthday party, but he does wish he ______ there. a. has been b. would be c. had been d. would have been 15.“These typewritten papers are very neat.” “I wish I ______ type too, but I don't know how.” a. can b. may c. will d. could 1. 直接考查虚拟语气的用法 —Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to but to ? — I agree, but the problem is ___he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 答案为B。因为necessary后的从句要用“(should+)动词原形”，排除选项A；因he与send是被动关系，send要用被动式，排除选项D；答句中的表语从句中不缺任何句子成分，用that。值得说明的是，refuse to后省略了be sent to New York。 2. 利用虚拟语气背景进行命题 (1)_______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 答案为A。全句使用的是虚拟语气背景，if在此引出一个虚拟条件。 (2) If lived today, he would be surprised by what ______ in science and technology. A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered 答案为D。此题可用排除法来做。根据what与discover的关系可知，此处应用被动语态，即指被发现的东西，故可排除选项A和C；由于句子使用了虚拟语气， 所以此题的迷惑性很大，许多考生会误选B。其实，由于句中的虚拟语气是对现的情况进行假设（注意句中的today），而且“在科学和技术方面所取得的发现”指的是现在的事实，而非假设，所以此处要用现在完成时，而不能用过去完成时。 备考虚拟语气的两个易错点 1. 误解错综时间虚拟语气的时间关系 错综时间虚拟语气的从句与主句所指时间不一致，做题时应根据具体的语境作出正确的理解。如： It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 答案为 B。此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想象我如今会在做什么。 2. 忽略insist, suggest的两种用法 有的同学以为insist和suggest后面的宾语从句一定要要用虚拟语气。其实不一定，应根据具体语境来确定使用什么语气。如： He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine. A. was not, took B. should be, should take C. was not, should take D. should be, toke 答案为C。第一空用陈述语气，强调宾语从句的内容为事实；第二空用虚拟语气，说明宾语从句的内容还不是事实。句意为：他坚持说他没有病，但医生却坚持要他服药。 |
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