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No.24 伦勃朗 | 17世纪欧洲最伟大的画家之一

 海蓝蓝cv 2019-04-29

油画世界  ArtYouhua

——分享世界油画,欣赏各国艺术——

油画世界

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn

伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·凡·莱因

荷兰, (1606-1669)

伦勃朗是欧洲17世纪最伟大的画家之一,也是荷兰历史上最伟大的画家。伦勃朗早年从师P.拉斯特曼,1625年在家乡开设画室。画作体裁广泛,擅长肖像画、风景画、风俗画、宗教画、历史画等领域。

—— By ArtYouhua

作品欣赏


The Return of the Prodigal Son,1669

伦勃朗一生留下600多幅油画,300多幅蚀版画和2000多幅素描,几乎画了100多幅自画像,而且几乎他所有的家人都在他的画中出现过。


Musical Allegory,1626

伦勃朗在绘画史——不独是荷兰的而是全欧的绘画史上所占的地位,是与意大利文艺复兴诸巨匠不相上下的。他所代表的是北欧的民族性与民族天才。造成伦勃朗的伟大的面目的,是表现他的特殊心魂的一种特殊技术。明暗法,这名词,一经用来谈到这位画家时,便具有一种特别的意义。换言之,伦勃朗的明暗和文艺复兴期意大利作家的明暗是有着截然不同的意义的。法国十九世纪画家兼批评家弗罗芒坦(Fromentin)称他为“夜光虫”。又有人说他以黑暗来绘成光明。


The rich fool,1627

卢浮宫中藏有两幅被认为代表作的画《木匠家庭》、《以马忤斯的晚餐》,我们正可以把它们用来了解伦氏的“光暗”的真迹。作品《圣斯蒂芬被石块击毙》(藏里昂美术馆),通过捕捉面部表情,揭示人物的内心活动。为了塑造有个性特征的人物形象,他毕生研究相学,其探索的成果是他绘画技法的重要组成部分。


Flora,1634

伦勃朗1606年生于荷兰莱顿的一个磨坊主家庭,母亲是面包师的女儿,除伦勃朗外,他们还有8个孩子。伦勃朗青年时期就已经声明鹊起,可以说是少年得志。14岁进入莱顿大学;17岁去阿姆斯特丹向历史画家拉斯特曼学画;1627年21岁时伦勃朗已经基本掌握油画、素描和蚀刻画的技巧并发展了自己的风格,回家乡自己开画室招徒作画,期间画了许多自画像;1631年伦勃朗离开莱顿去阿姆斯特丹,30年代就成为阿姆斯特丹的主要肖像画家。


The Stoning Of St. Stephen,1625

伦勃朗的肖像画风格人物安排具有戏剧性,深深打动人心,伦勃朗以神话和宗教故事为题材的作品供不应求。伦勃朗对戏剧很感兴趣,经常利用如同舞台高光的亮色描绘在阴暗背景下的人物。伦勃朗代表作之一《杜尔博士的解剖学课》。


Belshazzar's Feast,1635

从1640年代开始,伦勃朗经常到乡村漫步和作画,创作了许多反映大自然的素描和版画,风格质朴。1661年是伦勃朗作画最多的一年,创作了包括素描、油画、版画在内的大量作品。1663年以后伦勃朗作画较少,此时他结交了许多中下阶层的市民,眼界更为开阔,技巧更为成熟,创造力达到顶峰。



夜巡 The Nightwatch,1642

伦勃朗生命中苦难的转折点是从他的名作《夜巡》开始的,在绘制《夜巡》的过程中,伦勃朗固执的想要打破当时的传统,他的这种做法在当时并不被世人所接受,从此以后,找他订画的人越来越少,画家的生活也逐渐变得潦倒。


Danae,1643

伦勃朗和他的妻子生有4个孩子,只有最小的一个孩子泰塔斯存活,但他妻子在生孩子后不久去世,伦勃朗和女仆韩德瑞克住在一起,女仆为他生了一个女儿,起名叫科尔内利亚,为此受到教会的谴责为“罪恶的生活”。由于伦勃朗为了画画经常采购大量的衣物和绘画工具,从不计较财产,所以很快就到了破产的边缘。1669年伦勃朗在贫病中去世,身边只有女儿陪伴,死后葬在西教堂一个无名墓地中。


Self-portrait with Saskia in the Parable of the Prodigal Son,1635

伦勃朗的油画一贯采用“光暗”处理手法,即采用黑褐色或浅橄榄棕色为背景,将光线概括为一束束电筒光似的集中线,着重在画的主要部分。这种视觉效果,就好像画中人物是站在黑色舞台上,一束强光打在他的脸上。法国19世纪画家兼批评家弗罗芒坦称伦勃朗为‘夜光虫’,还有人说他用黑暗绘就光明。


Christ in the Storm,1633

伦勃朗对光的使用令人印象深刻,他独到地运用明暗,他灵活地处理复杂画面中的明暗光线,用光线强化画中的主要部分,也让暗部去弱化和消融次要因素。伦勃朗这种魔术般的明暗处理构成了他的画风中强烈的戏剧性色彩,也形成了伦勃朗绘画的重要特色。


Portrait of Cornelia Pronck, Wife of Albert Cuyper, at the age of 33,1633


Portrait of a Boy,1641


The Holy Family with a cat,1654


The Sense Of Sight,1624-1625


Artist in his Studio,1626


Balaam's Ass,1626


Christ Driving the Moneychangers from the Temple,1626


History Painting,1626


The Baptism Of The Eunuch,1626


Two Studies of the Head of an Old Man,1626


A Warrior,1626-1627


David Offering the Head of Goliath to King Saul,1627


St. Paul in Prison,1627


The flight into Egypt a sketch,1627


The Rich Man from the Parable,1627


Money,1627


Beggar man and woman,1628


Bust of an Old Woman, Rembrandt`s Mother,1628


Man Pulling a Rope,1628


Portrait of Rembrandt van Rijn,1628


Presentation in the Temple,1628


Samson And Delilah,1628


Self-portrait as a Young Man,1628


Self-portrait leaning forward bust,1628


Self-portrait, leaning forward, listening,1628


Two Old Men Disputing,1628


The Artist In His Studio,1628


Beggar in a High Cap Standing,1629


Beggar with a crippled hand leaning on a stick,1629


David Playing The Harp To Saul,1629


Man with a Magnifying Glass,1629


Old beggar woman with a gourd,1629


Old man Sleeping,1629


Peter and John at the gate of the Temple,1629


Repentant Judas Returning The Pieces Of Silver,1629


Seated beggar and his dog,1629


Self-portrait,1629


Self-portrait at an early age,1629


Self-portrait In A Gorget,1629


Self-portrait In A Plumed Hat,1629


Standing Beggar Turned to the Right,1629


The blindness of Tobit,1629


The raising of the cross,1627-1629


The small lion hunt with two lions,1629


The Young Rembrandt as Democritus the Laughing Philosopher,1628-1629


Self-portrait, Open Mouthed,1629


The Supper at Emmaus,1629


Self-portrait,1629


Self-portrait,1628-1629


Self-portrait with Gorget and Beret,1629


A Beggar Sitting in an Elbow Chair,1630


A Beggar Warming his Hands over a Chafing Dish,1630


A Beggar with a Wooden Leg,1630


A Man in a Room,1627-1630


A Study of a Woman Asleep,1630


An Old Man in Military Costume (formerly called Portrait of Rembrandt's Father),1630


An Old Man with a Beard,1630


An Old Man with a Bushy Beard,1630


An Old Man with a Large Beard,1630


Beggar leaning on a stick, facing left,1630


Beggar man and beggar woman conversing,1630


Beggar seated warming his hands at a chafing dish,1630


Bust of an old man with a flowing beard, the head bowed forward, the left shoulder unshaded,1630


Christ disputing with the doctors,1630


Head and Bust, Full Face,1630


Jeremiah mourning over the Destruction of Jerusalem,1630


Jesus Disputing with the Doctors,1630


Man in a coat and fur cap leaning against a bank,1630


Old man in a long cloak sitting in an armchair,1630


Old Woman in Prayer,1630


Portrait of Johannes Wtenbogaert,1633


Ragged peasant with his hands behind him, holding a stick,1630


Portrait of the Young Saskia,1633


Self-portrait,1630


Saskia In A Straw Hat,1633


Self-portrait,1630


Self-portrait,1633


Self-portrait in a fur cap bust,1630


Self-portrait in a cap and scarf with the face dark bust,1633


Self-portrait open mouthed,1630


Self-portrait with Hat and Gold Chain,1633


Self-portrait, Frowning,1630


The descent from the cross,1633


Simeon`s hymn of praise,1630


The Elevation Of The Cross,1633

编辑:油画世界(ID:ArtYouhua)

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