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Guideline statements 1. The Panel recommends against PSA screening in men under age 40 years. (Recommendation; Evidence Strength Grade C) 1. 不建议对40岁以下男性进行PSA筛查。（建议；证据强度：C级） · In this age group there is a low prevalence of clinically detectable prostate cancer, no evidence demonstrating benefit of screening and likely the same harms of screening as in other age groups. · 在这一年龄组中，临床可检测的前列腺癌发病率低，没有证据表明筛查有益，并且其带来的危害可能与其他年龄组的相同。 2. The Panel does not recommend routine screening in men between ages 40 to 54 years at average risk. (Recommendation; Evidence Strength Grade C) 2. 不建议对处于平均风险的、40-54岁的男性进行常规筛查。（建议；证据强度：C级） · For men younger than age 55 years at higher risk, decisions regarding prostate cancer screening should be individualized. Those at higher risk may include men of African American race; and those with a family history of metastatic or lethal adenocarcinomas (e.g., prostate, male and female breast cancer, ovarian, pancreatic) spanning multiple generations, affecting multiple first-degree relatives, and that developed at younger ages. · 对具有较高风险的、小于55岁的男性进行前列腺癌筛查应做到个体化。较高风险包括：非洲裔美国男性；转移性或致死性腺癌（如：前列腺癌、男性或女性乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌）跨越多代的家族史、影响多个一级亲属以及在较低年龄发病。 3. For men ages 55 to 69 years the Panel recognizes that the decision to undergo PSA screening involves weighing the benefits of reducing the rate of metastatic prostate cancer and prevention of prostate cancer death against the known potential harms associated with screening and treatment. For this reason, the Panel strongly recommends shared decision-making for men age 55 to 69 years that are considering PSA screening, and proceeding based on a man’s values and preferences. (Standard; Evidence Strength Grade B) 3. 对55-69岁男性进行PSA筛查，应将降低转移性前列腺癌发生率和前列腺癌死亡率的益处与筛查及治疗带来的已知潜在危害权衡后实施，并应兼顾男性的价值观及偏好。（标准；证据强度：B级） · The greatest benefit of screening appears to be in men ages 55 to 69 years. · 55-69岁男性进行前列腺癌筛查可获得最大益处。 · Multiple approaches subsequent to a PSA test (e.g., urinary and serum biomarkers, imaging, risk calculators) are available for identifying men more likely to harbor a prostate cancer and/or one with an aggressive phenotype. The use of such tools can be considered in men with a suspicious PSA level to inform prostate biopsy decisions. · 继PSA检查之后的多种方法（如：尿液和精液生物标志物、影像学检查、风险评估工具）可用于鉴别是否更易罹患前列腺癌和（或）存在侵袭性表型。这些方法可应用在具有可疑PSA水平行前列腺穿刺活检的患者。 4. To reduce the harms of screening, a routine screening interval of two years or more may be preferred over annual screening in those men who have participated in shared decision-making and decided on screening. As compared to annual screening, it is expected that screening intervals of two years preserve the majority of the benefits and reduce overdiagnosis and false positives. (Option; Evidence Strength Grade C) 4. 为降低筛查带来的危害，建议与患者共同决策后将筛查间期定为两年或以上。与每年筛查相比，间隔两年筛查保留了大部分益处并可减少过度诊断和误诊。（选择；证据强度：C级） · Additionally, intervals for rescreening can be individualized by a baseline PSA level. · 此外，再次筛查的间隔时间可通过基线PSA水平个体化。 5. The Panel does not recommend routine PSA screening in men over age 70 years or any man with less than a 10 to 15 year life expectancy. (Recommendation; Evidence Strength Grade C) 5. 不建议常规对大于70岁或预期寿命小于10-15年的男性进行PSA筛查。（建议；证据强度：C级） · Some men over age 70 years who are in excellent health may benefit from prostate cancer screening. · 部分大于70岁、身体状况良好的男性可能会在前列腺癌筛查中获益。 PDF指南全文获取 方式一： |
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