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11个经典数控车床编程实例,新手必备!!!

 奋斗c2fh9ndfed 2019-05-31

原标题:11个经典数控车床编程实例,新手必备!!!

1.工艺分析

(1)确定加工路线

按先主后次,先粗后精的加工原则确定加工路线,采用固定循环指令对外轮廓进行粗加工,再精加工,然后车退刀槽,再加工螺纹,最后切断。

(2)装夹方法和对刀点的选择

采用三爪自定心卡盘自定心夹紧,对刀点选在工件的右端面与回转轴线的交点。

2.刀具的选择

根据加工要求,选用四把刀,1号为粗加工外圆车刀,2号为精加工外圆车刀,3号为切槽刀,4号为车螺纹刀。采用试切法对刀,对刀的同时把端面加工出来。

3.切削参数的选择

表1为各工序的切削速度和进给速度。

表1 各工序的切削参数

加工工序

刀具号

刀具类型

主轴转速S( )

进给速度F( )



粗车外圆

T1

外圆车刀

336

0.3


精车外圆

T2

外圆精车刀

475

0.08


切退刀槽

T3

切槽刀

336

0.05


车螺纹、凹弧

T4

螺纹刀

170

1.5


切断

T3

切槽刀

336

0.05


4.程序编制(数控车床为沈阳第一机床厂CAK6150D,数控系统为FANUC-0i)确定工件右端面与轴心线的交点O为编程原点,零件的加工程序如下:

程序

说明

O0004;


N1;

工序(一)外形轮廓粗加工

G40G97G99T0101;


M43;


M03;


G00X40.0Z1.0;


G71U1.5R0.5;


G71P10Q11U0.5W0.1F0.15;


N10G00G42X0;


G01Z0;


X19.8


X27.8Z-20.0;


X28.0;


Z-45.0;


X36.0Z-50.0;


Z-59.0;


N11G01G40X40.0;


G00X100.0Z100.0;


N2;

工序(二)外形轮廓精加工

T0202;


M44;


G00X40.0Z1.0;


G70P10Q11F0.08;


G00X100.0Z100.0;


N3;

工序(三)切槽加工

T0303;


M43;


G00X30.0Z-24.0;


G01X24.0F0.05;


G01X30.0F0.2;


G00X100.0Z100.0;


N4;

工序(四)锥螺纹与凹圆弧加工

T0404;


M41;


G00X30.0Z5.0


G92X28.4Z-22.0R-5.4F1.5;


X27.8;


X27.4;


X27.2;


X27.0;


X26.9;


X26.85;


X26.85;


G00X32.0;


Z-27.0;


M44;


M98P041234;

调用O1234子程序4次加工凹圆弧面

G00X100.0Z100.0;


N5;

工序(五)工件切断

T0303;


M43;


G00X40.0Z-59.0;


G75R0.5;


G75X0P2000F0.05;


G00X100.0Z100.0;


M05;


M30;

程序结束



O1234;

子程序

G01U-1.0F0.1;

刀具每次径向进刀1mm加工凹圆弧面

G02U0W-18.0R20.0;


G01U3.0F0.5;


W18.0;


U-3.0;


M99;

子程序调用结束

实例一 平面加工

参考程序:

O0001;

G90 G94 G21 G17;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M03 S350;

G00 X-52.0 Y-50.0;

Z5.0 M08;

G01 Z-8.0 F50;

Y50.0 F52;

G00 Z5.0;

X-44.0 Y-50.0;

G01 Z-4.0 F50;

Y50.0 F52;

G00 Z5.0;

X10. Y50.0;

G01 Z-6.0 F50;

G02 X10.0 Y-50.0 R50.0 F52;

G00 Z20.0 M09;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

实例二 外形轮廓加工

参考程序:

(1)圆柱台加工程序

O0001;

G90 G94 G40 G17 G21;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M3 S350;

G00 X62.0 Y0;

Z5.0;

G01 Z-4.0 F52;

G41 D02 G01 X47.0 Y0 F52;

G02 I-47.0 J0;

G40 G01 X62.0 Y0;

G41 D02 G01 X31.0 YO;

G02 I-31.0 J0;

G40 G01 X62.0 Y0;

G41 D02 G01 X15.0 Y0;

G02 I-15.0 J0;

G40 G01 X62.0 Y0;

G00 Z20.0;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

(2)外轮廓加工程序

O0002;

G90 G94 G40 G17 G21;

G91 G28 ZO;

G90 G54 M03 S350;

G00 X-62.0 Y52.0 M08;

Z5.0;

G01 Z-9.0 F52;

G41 D02 G01 X-40.0 Y30.0 F52;

G01 X-20.0 Y30.0;

X30.0;

G02 X40.0 Y20.0 R10.0;

G01 Y-20.0;

G02 X30.0 Y-30.0 R10.0;

G01 X-30.0;

G02 X-40.0 Y-20.0 R10.0;

G01 Y10.0;

G03 X-20.0 Y30.0 R20.0;

G40 G01 X-62.0 Y52.0;

G00 Z20.0 M09;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

粗加工时,选用Φ20的立铣刀,刀具号为T02,刀具半径补偿号为D02,补偿值为10.2mm(0.2mm是精加工余量)。

精加工时,选用Φ12的立铣刀,刀具号为T03,刀具半径补偿号为D03,补偿值为6mm。

实例三 槽加工

参考程序:

(1)十字槽粗加工程序

O0001;

G90 G40 G21 G17 G94;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M3 S480;

G00 X30.0 Y0;

Z5.0 M08;

G01 Z-4.0 F40;

X-30.0 F60;

Z-8.0 F40;

X30.0 F60;

G00 Z5.0;

X0 Y25.0;

G01 Z-4.0 F40;

Y-25.0;

Z-8.0 F40;

Y25.0 F60;

G00 Z5.0 M09;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

(2)十字槽精加工程序

O0002;(主程序)

G90 G40 G21 G94 G17;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M3 S800;

G00 X0 Y0;

Z5.0 M08;

G01 Z0 F40;

M98 P0003 L02;

G90 G00 Z5.0 M09;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

O0003;(子程序)

G91 G01 Z-4.0 F40;

G90 G41 D03 G01 X12.5 Y7.5 F50;

G02 X7.5 Y12.5 R5.0;

G01 Y25.0;

G03 X-7.5 R7.5;

G01 Y12.5;

G02 X-12.5 Y7.5 R5.0;

G01 X-30.0;

G03 Y-7.5 R7.5;

G01 X-12.5;

G02 X-7.5 Y-12.5 R5.0;

G01 Y-25.0 ;

G03 X7.5 R7.5;

G01 Y-12.5;

G02 X12.5 Y-7.5 R5.0;

G01 X30.0;

G03 Y7.5 R7.5;

G01 X12.5;

G02 X7.5 Y12.5 R5.0;

G40 G01 X0 Y0;

M99;

实例四 型腔加工

参考程序:

(1)型腔内粗加工程序

O0001;(主程序)

G90 G40 G21 G94 G17;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M3 S480;

G00 X0 Y0;

Z5.0 M08;

G01 Z0 F50;

M98 P0002 L02;

G00 Z20.0 M09;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

O0002;(子程序)

G91 G01 Z-4.0 F40;

G90 G01 X7.0 Y0 F48;

G03 I-7.0 J0;

G01 X19.0 Y0;

G03 I-19.0 J0;

G01 X0 Y0 F100;

M99;

(2)型腔内轮廓精加工程序

O0003;(主程序)

G90 G40 G21 G94 G17;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M3 S480;

G00 X5.0 Y0;

Z5.0 M08;

G01 Z0 F80;

M98 P0004 L02;

G00 Z20.0 M09;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

O0004;(子程序)

G91 G01 Z-4.0 F80;

G90 G41 D01 G01 X20.0 Y-15.0 F48;

G03 X35.0 Y0 R15.0;

G01 Y6.7157;

G03 X28.3333 Y16.1438 R10.0;

G02 X16.1438 Y28.3333 R20.0;

G03 X6.7157 Y35.0 R10.0;

G01 X-6.7157;

G03 X-16.1438 Y28.3333 R10.0;

GO2 X-28.3333 Y16.1438 R20.0;

G03 X-35.0 Y6.7157 R10.0;

G01 Y-6.7157;

G03 X-28.3333 Y-16.1438 R10.0;

G02 X-16.1438 Y-28.3333 R20.0;

G03 X-6.7157 Y-35.0 R10.0;

G01 X6.7157;

G03 X16.1438 Y-28.3333 R10.0;

G02 X28.3333 Y-16.1438 R20.0;

G03 X35.0 Y-6.7157 R10.0;

G01 Y0;

G03 X20.0 Y15.0 R15.0;

G40 G01 X5.0 Y0;

M99;

实例五 钻孔、攻丝加工

参考程序:

O0001;

G91 G28 Z0;

M06 T1;

G90 G17 G49 G21 G94;

G54 M3 S1200;

G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08;

G43 H01 G00 Z50.0;

G99 G81 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-4.0 R5.0 F80;

G98 X-30.0;

G00 X-120.0;

Y15.0;

G99 G81 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-4.0 R5.0 F80;

G98 X-70.0;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T02;

G90 G49 G54 M3 S550;

G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08;

G43 H02 G00 Z50. ;

G99 G73 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-20.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60;

G98 X-30.0;

G00 X-120.0;

Y15.0;

G99 G73 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-20.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60;

G98 X-70.0;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T03;

G90 G49 G54 M3 S500;

G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08;

G43 H03 G00 Z50. ;

G98 G83 X-30.0 Y65.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60;

G00 X-120.0;

Y15.0;

G98 G83 X-70.0 Y15.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T04;

G90 G49 G54 M3 S450;

G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08;

G43 H04 G00 Z50. ;

G98 G81 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 F50;

G00 X-120.0;

Y15.0;

G98 G81 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 F50;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T05;

G90 G49 G54 M3 S350;

G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08;

G43 H05 G00 Z50.0;

G99 G82 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-6.0 R5.0 P2000 F60;

G98 X-30.0;

G00 X-120.0;

Y15.0;

G99 G82 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-6.0 R5.0 P2000 F60;

G98 X-70.0;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T06;

G90 G49 G54 M3 S50;

G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08;

G43 H06 G00 Z50.0;

G98 G85 X-30.0 Y65.0 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40;

G00 X-120.0;

Y15.0;

G98 G85 X-70.0 Y15.0 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T07;

G90 G49 G54 M3 S100;

G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08;

G43 H07 G00 Z50.0;

G98 G84 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-19.0 R5.0 F175;

G00 X-120.0;

Y15.0;

G98 G84 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-19.0 R5.0 F175;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M30;

实例六 镗孔加工

参考程序:

O0001;

G91 G28 Z0;

M06 TO1;

G90 G94 G49 G17 G40 G21;

G54 M03 S400;

G43 H01 G00 Z50.0 M08;

X-46.0 Y55.0;

Z5.0;

G01 Z-4.0 F80;

Y-55.0 F60;

X46.0 F1000;

Y55.0 F60;

G41 D01 G01 X17.321 Y30.0 F60;

X34.641 Y0;

X17.321 Y-30.0;

X-17.321;

X-34.641 Y0;

X-17.321 Y30.0 ;

X-20.0;

G40 G01 X65.0 Y55.0 F300;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T03;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S1200;

G43 H03 G00 Z50.0 M08;

G98 G81 X0 Y0 Z-4.0 R5.0 F60;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T04;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S500;

G43 H04 G00 Z50.0 M08;

G98 G81 X0 Y0 Z-20.0 R5.0 F60;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

G28 X0 Y0;

M06 T05;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S350;

G43 H05 G00 Z50.0 M08;

G98 G73 X0 Y0 Z-22.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F50;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

G28 X0 Y0;

M06 T06;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S250;

G43 H06 G00 Z50.0 M08;

G98 G73 X0 Y0 Z-25.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F45;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

G28 X0 Y0;

M06 T07;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S200;

G43 H07 G00 Z50.0 M08;

G98 G73 X0 Y0 Z-26.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F40;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T02;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S800;

G43 H02 G00 Z50.0 M08;

X46.0 Y55.0;

Z5.0;

G01 Z-4.0 F80;

G41 D02 G01 X17.321 Y30.0 F60;

X34.641 Y0;

X17.321 Y-30.0;

X-17.321;

X-34.641 Y0;

X-17.321 Y30.0;

X-20.0;

G40 G01 X65.0 Y55.0 F300;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T08;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S800;

G43 H08 G00 Z60.0 M08;

G98 G85 X0 Y0 Z-17.0 R5.0 F60;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

M06 T09;

G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S1500;

G43 H09 G00 Z60.0 M08;

G98 G85 X0 Y0 Z-17.0 R5.0 F50;

G91 G28 Z0 M09;

G28 X0 Y0;

M30;

实例七 镜像加工

参考程序:

O0001;(主程序)

G90 G40 G21 G17 G94;

G50.1 X0 Y0;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M3 S680;

M08;

M98 P0002;

G51.1 X0;

M98 P0002;

G50.1 X0;

M09;

M30;

O0002;(子程序)

G00 X-58.0 Y-48.0;

Z50.0;

Z5.0;

G01 Z-3.0 F50;

G41 D01 G01 X-47.0 Y-45.0 F100;

X-47.0 Y-20.0;

X-37.0 Y-20.0;

G03 X-27.0 Y-10.0 R10.0;

G01 X-27.0 Y10.0;

G03 X-37.0 Y20.0 R10.0;

G01 X-47.0 Y20.0;

X-47.0 Y42.5;

X-28.0 Y42.5;

G02 X-8.0 Y22.5 R20.0;

G01 X-8.0 Y-20.0;

X-30.5 Y-42.5;

X-50.0 Y-42.5;

G40 G01 X-58.0 Y-48.0;

G00 Z50.0;

M99;

实例八 极坐标加工

参考程序:

O0001;

G54 G40;

M08;

G15;

M03 S700;

G00 X58.0 Y-10.0;

Z50.0;

Z5.0;

G01 Z-5.0 F50;

G41 D01 G16 G01 X36.0 Y-5.0 F100;

G02 X24.0 Y-5.0 R6.;

G03 X24.0 Y275.0 R-24.0;

G02 X36.0 Y275.0 R6.0;

G02 X36.0 Y-5.0 R-36.0;

G40 G15 G01 X58.0 Y-10.0;

G00 Z150.0;

M09;

M30;

实例九 旋转加工

参考程序:

O0001;

G54 G40;

G69;

M03 S700;

G68 X0 Y0 R30.0;

G00 X0 Y0;

Z50.0 M08;

Z5.0;

G01 Z-5.0 F50;

G41 D01 G01 X25.0 Y10.0 F100;

G03 X15.0 Y20.0 R10.0;

G01 X-15.0;

G03 X-25.0 Y10.0 R10.0;

G01 Y-10.0;

G03 X-15.0 Y-20.0 R10.0;

G01 X15.0;

G03 X25.0 Y-10.0 R10.0;

G01 X25.0 Y10.0;

G40 G01 X0 Y0;

G00 Z150.0 M09;

M30;

实例十 综合零件加工

参考程序:

(1)正六边形加工程序

O0001;

G90 G40 G21 G17 G94;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G54 M03 S400;

G00 X0 Y55.0;

Z5.0 M08;

G01 Z-6. F60;

G41 D01 G01 X0 Y29.0 F100;

X10.97;

G02 X19.63 Y24.0 R10.0;

G01 X30.60 Y5.0;

G02 Y-5.0 R10.0;

G01 X19.63 Y-24.0;

G02 X10.97 Y-29.0 R10.0;

G01 X-10.97;

G02 X-19.63 Y-24.0 R10.0;

G01 X-30.60 Y-5.0;

G02 Y5.0 R10.0;

G01 X-19.63 Y24.0;

G02 X-10.97 Y29.0 R10.0;

G01 X0;

G40 G01 X0 Y55.0;

G00 Z50.0 M09;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

(2)斜六边形加工主程序

O0002;(主程序)

G90 G40 G21 G17 G94 G69;

G91 G28 Z0;

G90 G68 X0 Y0 R10.0;

M98 P0003;

G69;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

O0003;(子程序)

G90 G54 M03 S400;

G00 X0 Y40.0;

Z5.0 M08;

G01 Z-4. F60;

G41 D01 G01 X0 Y25.0 F100;

X10.97;

G02 X16.17 Y22.0 R6.0;

G01 X27.14 Y3.0;

G02 Y-3.0 R6.0;

G01 X16.17 Y-22.0;

G02 X10.97 Y-25.0 R6.0;

G01 X-10.97;

G02 X-16.17 Y-22.0 R6.0;

G01 X-27.14 Y-3.0;

G02 Y3.0 R6.0;

G01 X-16.17 Y22.0;

G02 X-10.97 Y25.0 R6.0;

G01 X0;

G40 G01 X0 Y40.0;

G00 Z50.0 M09;

M99;

(3)凹槽加工程序

O0004;(主程序)

G90 G40 G21 G17 G94;

G54 M03 S680;

GO0 X60 Y-50;

Z5.0 M08;

M98 P0005;

G51.1 X0 Y0 ;

M98 P0005;

G50.1 X0 Y0 ;

G0 Z100.0 M09;

M30

O0005;(子程序)

G00 X56.0 Y-46.0;

G01 Z-8.0 F50;

G41 D04 G01 X52.34 Y-33.55 F ;

X34.88 Y-19.58;

G3 X26.76 Y-29.73 R6.5;

G1 X41.94 Y-41.87;

G40 G01 X56.0 Y-46.0;

G00 Z5.0;

M99;

(4)孔加工程序

O0006;

G91 G28 Z0;

M06 T05;

G90 G40 G21 G17 G94 G15;

G54 M03 S1500;

GO0 X0 Y0;

G43 H05 G00 Z20.0;

G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0;

G99 G81 Z-9.0 R5.0 F60;

G00 X40.0 Y210.0;

G98 G81 Z-9.0 R5.0 F60;

G15;

G91 G28 Z0;

M06 T06;

G90 G15 G54 M3 S500;

GO0 X0 Y0;

G43 H06 G00 Z20.0;

G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0;

G99 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F60;

G00 X40.0 Y210.0;

G98 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F60;

G15;

G91 G28 Z0;

M06 T07;

G90 G15 G54 M03 S450;

GO0 X0 Y0;

G43 H07 G00 Z20.0;

G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0;

G99 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F50;

G00 X40.0 Y210.0;

G98 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F50;

G15;

G91 G28 Z0;

M06 T08;

G90 G15 G54 M03 S500;

GO0 X0 Y0;

G43 H08 G00 Z20;

G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0;

G99 G82 Z-10.0 R5.0 P2000 F60;

G00 X40.0 Y210.0;

G99 G82 Z-10.0 R5.0 P2000 F60;

G15;

G91 G28 Z0;

M06 T09;

G90 G15 G54 M03 S50;

GO0 X0 Y0;

G43 H09 G00 Z20.0;

G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0;

G99 G85 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40;

G00 X40.0 Y210.0

G98 G85 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40;

G15;

G91 G28 Z0;

M30;

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