原标题:11个经典数控车床编程实例,新手必备!!! 1.工艺分析 (1)确定加工路线 按先主后次,先粗后精的加工原则确定加工路线,采用固定循环指令对外轮廓进行粗加工,再精加工,然后车退刀槽,再加工螺纹,最后切断。 (2)装夹方法和对刀点的选择 采用三爪自定心卡盘自定心夹紧,对刀点选在工件的右端面与回转轴线的交点。 2.刀具的选择 根据加工要求,选用四把刀,1号为粗加工外圆车刀,2号为精加工外圆车刀,3号为切槽刀,4号为车螺纹刀。采用试切法对刀,对刀的同时把端面加工出来。 3.切削参数的选择 表1为各工序的切削速度和进给速度。 表1 各工序的切削参数 加工工序 刀具号 刀具类型 主轴转速S( ) 进给速度F( ) 粗车外圆 T1 外圆车刀 336 0.3 精车外圆 T2 外圆精车刀 475 0.08 切退刀槽 T3 切槽刀 336 0.05 车螺纹、凹弧 T4 螺纹刀 170 1.5 切断 T3 切槽刀 336 0.05 4.程序编制(数控车床为沈阳第一机床厂CAK6150D,数控系统为FANUC-0i)确定工件右端面与轴心线的交点O为编程原点,零件的加工程序如下: 程序 说明 O0004; N1; 工序(一)外形轮廓粗加工 G40G97G99T0101; M43; M03; G00X40.0Z1.0; G71U1.5R0.5; G71P10Q11U0.5W0.1F0.15; N10G00G42X0; G01Z0; X19.8 X27.8Z-20.0; X28.0; Z-45.0; X36.0Z-50.0; Z-59.0; N11G01G40X40.0; G00X100.0Z100.0; N2; 工序(二)外形轮廓精加工 T0202; M44; G00X40.0Z1.0; G70P10Q11F0.08; G00X100.0Z100.0; N3; 工序(三)切槽加工 T0303; M43; G00X30.0Z-24.0; G01X24.0F0.05; G01X30.0F0.2; G00X100.0Z100.0; N4; 工序(四)锥螺纹与凹圆弧加工 T0404; M41; G00X30.0Z5.0 G92X28.4Z-22.0R-5.4F1.5; X27.8; X27.4; X27.2; X27.0; X26.9; X26.85; X26.85; G00X32.0; Z-27.0; M44; M98P041234; 调用O1234子程序4次加工凹圆弧面 G00X100.0Z100.0; N5; 工序(五)工件切断 T0303; M43; G00X40.0Z-59.0; G75R0.5; G75X0P2000F0.05; G00X100.0Z100.0; M05; M30; 程序结束 O1234; 子程序 G01U-1.0F0.1; 刀具每次径向进刀1mm加工凹圆弧面 G02U0W-18.0R20.0; G01U3.0F0.5; W18.0; U-3.0; M99; 子程序调用结束 实例一 平面加工 参考程序: O0001; G90 G94 G21 G17; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M03 S350; G00 X-52.0 Y-50.0; Z5.0 M08; G01 Z-8.0 F50; Y50.0 F52; G00 Z5.0; X-44.0 Y-50.0; G01 Z-4.0 F50; Y50.0 F52; G00 Z5.0; X10. Y50.0; G01 Z-6.0 F50; G02 X10.0 Y-50.0 R50.0 F52; G00 Z20.0 M09; G91 G28 Z0; M30; 实例二 外形轮廓加工 参考程序: (1)圆柱台加工程序 O0001; G90 G94 G40 G17 G21; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M3 S350; G00 X62.0 Y0; Z5.0; G01 Z-4.0 F52; G41 D02 G01 X47.0 Y0 F52; G02 I-47.0 J0; G40 G01 X62.0 Y0; G41 D02 G01 X31.0 YO; G02 I-31.0 J0; G40 G01 X62.0 Y0; G41 D02 G01 X15.0 Y0; G02 I-15.0 J0; G40 G01 X62.0 Y0; G00 Z20.0; G91 G28 Z0; M30; (2)外轮廓加工程序 O0002; G90 G94 G40 G17 G21; G91 G28 ZO; G90 G54 M03 S350; G00 X-62.0 Y52.0 M08; Z5.0; G01 Z-9.0 F52; G41 D02 G01 X-40.0 Y30.0 F52; G01 X-20.0 Y30.0; X30.0; G02 X40.0 Y20.0 R10.0; G01 Y-20.0; G02 X30.0 Y-30.0 R10.0; G01 X-30.0; G02 X-40.0 Y-20.0 R10.0; G01 Y10.0; G03 X-20.0 Y30.0 R20.0; G40 G01 X-62.0 Y52.0; G00 Z20.0 M09; G91 G28 Z0; M30; 粗加工时,选用Φ20的立铣刀,刀具号为T02,刀具半径补偿号为D02,补偿值为10.2mm(0.2mm是精加工余量)。 精加工时,选用Φ12的立铣刀,刀具号为T03,刀具半径补偿号为D03,补偿值为6mm。 实例三 槽加工 参考程序: (1)十字槽粗加工程序 O0001; G90 G40 G21 G17 G94; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M3 S480; G00 X30.0 Y0; Z5.0 M08; G01 Z-4.0 F40; X-30.0 F60; Z-8.0 F40; X30.0 F60; G00 Z5.0; X0 Y25.0; G01 Z-4.0 F40; Y-25.0; Z-8.0 F40; Y25.0 F60; G00 Z5.0 M09; G91 G28 Z0; M30; (2)十字槽精加工程序 O0002;(主程序) G90 G40 G21 G94 G17; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M3 S800; G00 X0 Y0; Z5.0 M08; G01 Z0 F40; M98 P0003 L02; G90 G00 Z5.0 M09; G91 G28 Z0; M30; O0003;(子程序) G91 G01 Z-4.0 F40; G90 G41 D03 G01 X12.5 Y7.5 F50; G02 X7.5 Y12.5 R5.0; G01 Y25.0; G03 X-7.5 R7.5; G01 Y12.5; G02 X-12.5 Y7.5 R5.0; G01 X-30.0; G03 Y-7.5 R7.5; G01 X-12.5; G02 X-7.5 Y-12.5 R5.0; G01 Y-25.0 ; G03 X7.5 R7.5; G01 Y-12.5; G02 X12.5 Y-7.5 R5.0; G01 X30.0; G03 Y7.5 R7.5; G01 X12.5; G02 X7.5 Y12.5 R5.0; G40 G01 X0 Y0; M99; 实例四 型腔加工 参考程序: (1)型腔内粗加工程序 O0001;(主程序) G90 G40 G21 G94 G17; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M3 S480; G00 X0 Y0; Z5.0 M08; G01 Z0 F50; M98 P0002 L02; G00 Z20.0 M09; G91 G28 Z0; M30; O0002;(子程序) G91 G01 Z-4.0 F40; G90 G01 X7.0 Y0 F48; G03 I-7.0 J0; G01 X19.0 Y0; G03 I-19.0 J0; G01 X0 Y0 F100; M99; (2)型腔内轮廓精加工程序 O0003;(主程序) G90 G40 G21 G94 G17; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M3 S480; G00 X5.0 Y0; Z5.0 M08; G01 Z0 F80; M98 P0004 L02; G00 Z20.0 M09; G91 G28 Z0; M30; O0004;(子程序) G91 G01 Z-4.0 F80; G90 G41 D01 G01 X20.0 Y-15.0 F48; G03 X35.0 Y0 R15.0; G01 Y6.7157; G03 X28.3333 Y16.1438 R10.0; G02 X16.1438 Y28.3333 R20.0; G03 X6.7157 Y35.0 R10.0; G01 X-6.7157; G03 X-16.1438 Y28.3333 R10.0; GO2 X-28.3333 Y16.1438 R20.0; G03 X-35.0 Y6.7157 R10.0; G01 Y-6.7157; G03 X-28.3333 Y-16.1438 R10.0; G02 X-16.1438 Y-28.3333 R20.0; G03 X-6.7157 Y-35.0 R10.0; G01 X6.7157; G03 X16.1438 Y-28.3333 R10.0; G02 X28.3333 Y-16.1438 R20.0; G03 X35.0 Y-6.7157 R10.0; G01 Y0; G03 X20.0 Y15.0 R15.0; G40 G01 X5.0 Y0; M99; 实例五 钻孔、攻丝加工 参考程序: O0001; G91 G28 Z0; M06 T1; G90 G17 G49 G21 G94; G54 M3 S1200; G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08; G43 H01 G00 Z50.0; G99 G81 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-4.0 R5.0 F80; G98 X-30.0; G00 X-120.0; Y15.0; G99 G81 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-4.0 R5.0 F80; G98 X-70.0; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T02; G90 G49 G54 M3 S550; G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08; G43 H02 G00 Z50. ; G99 G73 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-20.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60; G98 X-30.0; G00 X-120.0; Y15.0; G99 G73 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-20.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60; G98 X-70.0; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T03; G90 G49 G54 M3 S500; G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08; G43 H03 G00 Z50. ; G98 G83 X-30.0 Y65.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60; G00 X-120.0; Y15.0; G98 G83 X-70.0 Y15.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F60; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T04; G90 G49 G54 M3 S450; G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08; G43 H04 G00 Z50. ; G98 G81 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 F50; G00 X-120.0; Y15.0; G98 G81 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-21.0 R5.0 F50; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T05; G90 G49 G54 M3 S350; G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08; G43 H05 G00 Z50.0; G99 G82 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-6.0 R5.0 P2000 F60; G98 X-30.0; G00 X-120.0; Y15.0; G99 G82 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-6.0 R5.0 P2000 F60; G98 X-70.0; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T06; G90 G49 G54 M3 S50; G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08; G43 H06 G00 Z50.0; G98 G85 X-30.0 Y65.0 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40; G00 X-120.0; Y15.0; G98 G85 X-70.0 Y15.0 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T07; G90 G49 G54 M3 S100; G00 X20.0 Y100.0 M08; G43 H07 G00 Z50.0; G98 G84 X-15.0 Y65.0 Z-19.0 R5.0 F175; G00 X-120.0; Y15.0; G98 G84 X-85.0 Y15.0 Z-19.0 R5.0 F175; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M30; 实例六 镗孔加工 参考程序: O0001; G91 G28 Z0; M06 TO1; G90 G94 G49 G17 G40 G21; G54 M03 S400; G43 H01 G00 Z50.0 M08; X-46.0 Y55.0; Z5.0; G01 Z-4.0 F80; Y-55.0 F60; X46.0 F1000; Y55.0 F60; G41 D01 G01 X17.321 Y30.0 F60; X34.641 Y0; X17.321 Y-30.0; X-17.321; X-34.641 Y0; X-17.321 Y30.0 ; X-20.0; G40 G01 X65.0 Y55.0 F300; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T03; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S1200; G43 H03 G00 Z50.0 M08; G98 G81 X0 Y0 Z-4.0 R5.0 F60; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T04; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S500; G43 H04 G00 Z50.0 M08; G98 G81 X0 Y0 Z-20.0 R5.0 F60; G91 G28 Z0 M09; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T05; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S350; G43 H05 G00 Z50.0 M08; G98 G73 X0 Y0 Z-22.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F50; G91 G28 Z0 M09; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T06; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S250; G43 H06 G00 Z50.0 M08; G98 G73 X0 Y0 Z-25.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F45; G91 G28 Z0 M09; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T07; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S200; G43 H07 G00 Z50.0 M08; G98 G73 X0 Y0 Z-26.0 R5.0 Q2.0 F40; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T02; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S800; G43 H02 G00 Z50.0 M08; X46.0 Y55.0; Z5.0; G01 Z-4.0 F80; G41 D02 G01 X17.321 Y30.0 F60; X34.641 Y0; X17.321 Y-30.0; X-17.321; X-34.641 Y0; X-17.321 Y30.0; X-20.0; G40 G01 X65.0 Y55.0 F300; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T08; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S800; G43 H08 G00 Z60.0 M08; G98 G85 X0 Y0 Z-17.0 R5.0 F60; G91 G28 Z0 M09; M06 T09; G90 G54 G49 G40 M03 S1500; G43 H09 G00 Z60.0 M08; G98 G85 X0 Y0 Z-17.0 R5.0 F50; G91 G28 Z0 M09; G28 X0 Y0; M30; 实例七 镜像加工 参考程序: O0001;(主程序) G90 G40 G21 G17 G94; G50.1 X0 Y0; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M3 S680; M08; M98 P0002; G51.1 X0; M98 P0002; G50.1 X0; M09; M30; O0002;(子程序) G00 X-58.0 Y-48.0; Z50.0; Z5.0; G01 Z-3.0 F50; G41 D01 G01 X-47.0 Y-45.0 F100; X-47.0 Y-20.0; X-37.0 Y-20.0; G03 X-27.0 Y-10.0 R10.0; G01 X-27.0 Y10.0; G03 X-37.0 Y20.0 R10.0; G01 X-47.0 Y20.0; X-47.0 Y42.5; X-28.0 Y42.5; G02 X-8.0 Y22.5 R20.0; G01 X-8.0 Y-20.0; X-30.5 Y-42.5; X-50.0 Y-42.5; G40 G01 X-58.0 Y-48.0; G00 Z50.0; M99; 实例八 极坐标加工 参考程序: O0001; G54 G40; M08; G15; M03 S700; G00 X58.0 Y-10.0; Z50.0; Z5.0; G01 Z-5.0 F50; G41 D01 G16 G01 X36.0 Y-5.0 F100; G02 X24.0 Y-5.0 R6.; G03 X24.0 Y275.0 R-24.0; G02 X36.0 Y275.0 R6.0; G02 X36.0 Y-5.0 R-36.0; G40 G15 G01 X58.0 Y-10.0; G00 Z150.0; M09; M30; 实例九 旋转加工 参考程序: O0001; G54 G40; G69; M03 S700; G68 X0 Y0 R30.0; G00 X0 Y0; Z50.0 M08; Z5.0; G01 Z-5.0 F50; G41 D01 G01 X25.0 Y10.0 F100; G03 X15.0 Y20.0 R10.0; G01 X-15.0; G03 X-25.0 Y10.0 R10.0; G01 Y-10.0; G03 X-15.0 Y-20.0 R10.0; G01 X15.0; G03 X25.0 Y-10.0 R10.0; G01 X25.0 Y10.0; G40 G01 X0 Y0; G00 Z150.0 M09; M30; 实例十 综合零件加工 参考程序: (1)正六边形加工程序 O0001; G90 G40 G21 G17 G94; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G54 M03 S400; G00 X0 Y55.0; Z5.0 M08; G01 Z-6. F60; G41 D01 G01 X0 Y29.0 F100; X10.97; G02 X19.63 Y24.0 R10.0; G01 X30.60 Y5.0; G02 Y-5.0 R10.0; G01 X19.63 Y-24.0; G02 X10.97 Y-29.0 R10.0; G01 X-10.97; G02 X-19.63 Y-24.0 R10.0; G01 X-30.60 Y-5.0; G02 Y5.0 R10.0; G01 X-19.63 Y24.0; G02 X-10.97 Y29.0 R10.0; G01 X0; G40 G01 X0 Y55.0; G00 Z50.0 M09; G91 G28 Z0; M30; (2)斜六边形加工主程序 O0002;(主程序) G90 G40 G21 G17 G94 G69; G91 G28 Z0; G90 G68 X0 Y0 R10.0; M98 P0003; G69; G91 G28 Z0; M30; O0003;(子程序) G90 G54 M03 S400; G00 X0 Y40.0; Z5.0 M08; G01 Z-4. F60; G41 D01 G01 X0 Y25.0 F100; X10.97; G02 X16.17 Y22.0 R6.0; G01 X27.14 Y3.0; G02 Y-3.0 R6.0; G01 X16.17 Y-22.0; G02 X10.97 Y-25.0 R6.0; G01 X-10.97; G02 X-16.17 Y-22.0 R6.0; G01 X-27.14 Y-3.0; G02 Y3.0 R6.0; G01 X-16.17 Y22.0; G02 X-10.97 Y25.0 R6.0; G01 X0; G40 G01 X0 Y40.0; G00 Z50.0 M09; M99; (3)凹槽加工程序 O0004;(主程序) G90 G40 G21 G17 G94; G54 M03 S680; GO0 X60 Y-50; Z5.0 M08; M98 P0005; G51.1 X0 Y0 ; M98 P0005; G50.1 X0 Y0 ; G0 Z100.0 M09; M30 O0005;(子程序) G00 X56.0 Y-46.0; G01 Z-8.0 F50; G41 D04 G01 X52.34 Y-33.55 F ; X34.88 Y-19.58; G3 X26.76 Y-29.73 R6.5; G1 X41.94 Y-41.87; G40 G01 X56.0 Y-46.0; G00 Z5.0; M99; (4)孔加工程序 O0006; G91 G28 Z0; M06 T05; G90 G40 G21 G17 G94 G15; G54 M03 S1500; GO0 X0 Y0; G43 H05 G00 Z20.0; G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0; G99 G81 Z-9.0 R5.0 F60; G00 X40.0 Y210.0; G98 G81 Z-9.0 R5.0 F60; G15; G91 G28 Z0; M06 T06; G90 G15 G54 M3 S500; GO0 X0 Y0; G43 H06 G00 Z20.0; G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0; G99 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F60; G00 X40.0 Y210.0; G98 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F60; G15; G91 G28 Z0; M06 T07; G90 G15 G54 M03 S450; GO0 X0 Y0; G43 H07 G00 Z20.0; G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0; G99 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F50; G00 X40.0 Y210.0; G98 G81 Z-20.0 R5.0 F50; G15; G91 G28 Z0; M06 T08; G90 G15 G54 M03 S500; GO0 X0 Y0; G43 H08 G00 Z20; G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0; G99 G82 Z-10.0 R5.0 P2000 F60; G00 X40.0 Y210.0; G99 G82 Z-10.0 R5.0 P2000 F60; G15; G91 G28 Z0; M06 T09; G90 G15 G54 M03 S50; GO0 X0 Y0; G43 H09 G00 Z20.0; G16 G00 X40.0 Y40.0; G99 G85 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40; G00 X40.0 Y210.0 G98 G85 Z-18.0 R5.0 F40; G15; G91 G28 Z0; M30; 本文系网络转载,版权归原作者所有。如涉及版权问题,请与机械学霸联系,我们将第一时间协商版权问题或删除内容。 |
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