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32.4.2 -- 直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、 人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 一随主：① He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) ②They said ,”our parents often go shopping with us.” →They said their parents often go shopping with them. 二随宾: ①He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told) ②She said to Mary ,”How is your brother now?” →She asked Mary how her brother was then. 第三人称不更新:①He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。” He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had， her不变，your→my） ②Mr White said,”Hand is a good worker.” →Mr White said Hand was a good worker. 2、 时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态要作出相应的变化，当主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态；当主句为一般过去时，从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主过从过，主现从任”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式： Can—could；may — might；must — must/had to （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： ①He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 ②He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 ③She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。” →She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。 ④He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。 ⑤He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。 ⑥Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。” →Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。 ⑦He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。” →He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。 ⑧He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。” →He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。 注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 ①The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。” →The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。 ②He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.” 他说: “我1965年生于山东。” →He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。 ③He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。” →He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。 （2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变 ①He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。” He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。 ②He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” 他会说：“我己经浇花了。” He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。 3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化 见下表：
①He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。” He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。 ②He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。” →He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。 ③Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。” →Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。 ④He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”他说：“现在九点了。” →He said that it was nine o'clock then.他说那时九点了。 ⑤He said, “I haven't seen her today.”他说：“今天我没见到她。” →He said that he hadn't seen her that day .他说那天他没有见到她。 ⑥She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。” →She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。 ⑦She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。” →She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。 ⑧He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。” →He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ago→before) ⑨She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。” →She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（come→go；here→there；this→that） 以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。 ①Father said,“I am free this afternoon ”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。” →Father said that he was free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。 ②He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。” He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。 巧记: 当直接引语为陈述句，主句为过去时，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是： 去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。 She said ,”My brother doesn’t want to go there.” →She said that her brother didn’t want to come here. |
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来自： 行旅视野 > 《14.直接引语和间接引语》
