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一、动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were)；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。 We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。 I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。 I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。 二、表示“要求”、“命令”、“建议”后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略。这样的动词有：demand， require， request，desire，advise， suggest， propose， recommend，order， command等。 He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。 The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。 He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。 He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。 The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。 They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。 The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。 The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。 I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once. 我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。 He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。 I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf. 我请求他为我施用他的影响。 They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man. 他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。 He urges that the restrictions be lifted. 他敦促取消这些限制。 He urged that the matter should go to arbitration. 他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。 She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。 They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。 I desire the patient should have a bath every day. 我希望病人每天洗澡。 The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。 注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，若意思是“坚决要求”用虚拟语气外，若意思是“坚持说”“坚持认为”则用陈述语气。比较： He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。 He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。 注意：动词suggest后接宾语从句时，意思是“建议”用虚拟语气，若意思是“暗示”“说明”则用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会： He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。 What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。 |
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