非谓语动词部分，到底什么时候用不定式、动名词、和分词？

很多人私信提问：到底什么时候用不定式、动名词和分词？

首先，先允许我对上一篇文章的效果进行反思，原本以为已经讲得很明白，很详细，很具体了，但是，如同炎热的夏天火辣辣的炙烤出残酷的现实是：同学们不想学、也记不住条条框框的语法，而更想看到大白话的，放之四海而皆准的，简单有效的表述。

纯干货来了！

• 理解非谓语动词的语态——主动和被动
• 理解非谓语动词的时态——过去,现在,将来

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• 不定式表示将来、目的和主动状态
• 现在分词表状态、习惯和爱好
• 过去分词表示被动关系

理解非谓语动词,关键是掌握两个内容

1. 理解非谓语动词的语态——主动和被动
2. 理解非谓语动词的时态——过去,现在,将来

判断步骤：

• 第一步：判断非谓语动词，在句子里作什么成分。该步骤的目的，是为了寻找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，从而判断非谓语动词的语态是主动还是被动.
• 第二步：结合主句的谓语动词，判断非谓语动词发生的时间，是在过去,将来,还是同时发生。
• 第三步：主动 having done | doing | to do
• 第四歩：被动 done | being done | to be done

下面的内容是换一个角度帮助理解分非谓语动词，不过只要理解了上面的内容，基本上可以应付中高考的相关知识点考查。

搞明白什么是逻辑主语

逻辑主语：是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。逻辑主语就是不一定是出现在句子里的那个主语，但却是能真正发出该句子动作的人

真正的主语是句子的主语，而逻辑主语是除了主句外，另外的一个动作的发出者，有可能是句子的主语，有可能不是。

不定式的逻辑主语

一. 不定式及短语作状语、定语、表语和主语

不定式动词和其短语在句子中作状语、定语、表语和主语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的逻辑主语：

1. He opened the door to let kids in.
2. He hurried home to fine his mother wasn't home.
3. he boy was lost, never to be found again.
4. To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
5. To sweep the floor is my duty every day.
6. He has much homework to do today.
7. We have a very distinguished guest to attend our party.
8. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

二. 不定式的复合结构

不定式动词和其短语在句子中作主语或宾语(有时被指示代词it代替)的时候常用介词for和of引导不定式的逻辑主语：

1. She fetched several bottles for Harry to use.
2. It's so kind of you to help me.
3. For a childto learn everything is impossible. =It's impossible for a childto learn everything.
4. The article is too difficult for me to understand.
5. The order for themto climb the mountain was given.
6. The Internet made it possible for us to contact with relatives miles away.

三. 不定式及短语作宾语补足语

不定式动词和其短语在句子中作宾语补足语，逻辑主语通常是主句的逻辑宾语：

1. My mother asked me to wash the clothes.
2. I consider him to be the best candidate.
3. The teacher told him to come on time.
4. Edison’s mother taught him to read and write.
5. They are believed to have discussed the problem.
6. Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.
7. He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
8. My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film.
9. I don’t like milk, but mother made me drink it.
10. I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.
11. I watched her get into the car.
12. I saw the woman enter a bank.
13. We often hear her sing this song.
14. Did you notice her leave the house?

四. 不定式及短语作及物动词宾语

不定式和其短语在句子中作及物动词的宾语，逻辑主语通常是主句的逻辑主语：

1. I agreed to support him.
2. He said he wanted to be a professor.

过去分词的逻辑主语

一. 过去分词及短语作状语和定语

过去分词及其短语作定语和状语，句子或分句的语法主语是分词的逻辑宾语，而逻辑主语一般省略或用介词by以介词宾语的形式被引导：

1. Moved to tears by her, he stood there silently.
2. Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
3. He was all wet caught in a heavy rain.
4. Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.
5. The new product finally passed the requiredtest.
6. There are many beautifully decoratedhouses in this rich area.
7. The man followed by security guardsis our chairman.

二. 过去分词及短语作宾语补足语

过去分词及其短语作宾语补足语，句子或分句的语法主语是分词的逻辑宾语，而逻辑主语一般省略或用介词by以介词宾语的形式被引导：

1. I heard the song sung by a girl in English.
2. I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.
3. Don't leave those things undone.

-ing分词的逻辑主语

一. -ing分词作状语和定语

-ing分词及其短语作状语，其逻辑主语是句子或分句的语法主语；-ing分词及其短语作定语语，其逻辑主语是其所修饰的名词；

1. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
2. Fallingwater can be used to generate electricity.

二. -ing分词及短语作宾语补足语

-ing分词及其短语作宾语补足语，句子或分句的逻辑主语是句子中的语法宾语。

Can you hear her singingthe song in the next room?

三. 名词化的-ing分词

名词化的ing分词(动名词)的；逻辑主语可以跟从句子或分句语法主语，这一点不再展开；但同时也可以附加逻辑主语，即在分词前加代词宾格或形容词性物主代词：

1. His being frightened makes us aware.
2. Would you mind me opening the window?