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报告很精彩，报告人很给力，下面就让我们一起学习下其中的部分报告吧~ Prof.Xiangke Wang, North China Electric Power University Title: Synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications in pollution management 纳米材料具有大比表面积、高活性、强吸附等特性 当传统材料和常规技术无能为力之际，纳米材料和纳米技术显示出在这个方面的强劲能力和独到之处。 纳米材料具有远远多于常规材料的活性位点，可以以放射性核素处理为目标对其进行剪裁和修饰改性，设计出具有针对性的功能纳米结构材料，通过吸附、絮凝、等方法来有效地捕获核素。 上图其他为表面改性的Fe3O4 对铀酰的去除，并且利用磁性进行固液分离，表面纳米材料与常规工艺相结合有效去除废液中的放射性核素。下图为改性分子筛对核素的选择性吸附。 释放到环境中的放射性核素，会发生以下环境行为，如氧化-还原反应，在环境介质上的沉淀，吸附-脱附和扩散迁移等行为，上述放射性核素和环境介质的界面相互作用 与其在环境介质上的化学种态(chemical species)与微观结构密切相关。 通过大量的研究，我们选择碳材料，研究碳材料在放射性废水去除中的应用，碳材料对污染物去除效率高，但是选择性差。为了实现对放射性废水中低浓度放射性核素的高选择性富集，对碳材料功能化修饰，非常重要。通过研究，我们选择采用等离子体技术实现碳材料功能化修饰，这是因为在等离子体气氛条件下含有大量活性自由基，容易实现对材料表面活化，而且活化效率高，处理时间短，不破坏材料的整体结构。而且处理过程中不使用化学试剂，污染小，环境友好。我们根据等离子体的原理和特点，我们设计了一个简单易操作的装置。通过对碳材料表面活化后，对其表面功能化修饰，通过修饰的功能基团，实现对放射性核素的高效富集。 比如我们对石墨烯表面修饰聚苯胺后，提高了放射性核素的富集能力，修饰聚吡咯后，对U具有很高的选择性，同时具有良好的循环使用性能，对于U的高效富集具有重要的意义。  Prof.Ajit Sarmah, The University of Auckland Title: Innovative approaches of biochar utilisation: macro to nano-scale Biochar Starch Polymer Composite
What we have found? - At max dosage of 5% RHBC, the loss tangent showed a broader peak due to the heterogeneity in the composite. - At 5% RHBC, the loss tangent increased slightly indicating the viscous nature increment with the addition of RHBC particles. - The increase in viscous nature of the composite could be attributed to the weak interaction biochar particles with polymer matrix. - There was a decrease in Young’s modulus of the composite from 1.1 GPa to 0.7 GPa. - The poor interaction of the RHBC with starch matrix was attributed to the absence of -OH functional group in RHBC.
Prof.Hocheol Song, Sejong University Title: Multi-functional biochar: Fabrication and Environmental Application
Prof.Sang Soo Lee, Yonsei University Title: Biochar-based soil amendment for water security
Conclusions Amount (R2 = 0.846) and intensity (R2 = 0.758) of rainfall had significant correlation with soil erosion and turbidity. When applied 0.5 g of the synthesized water treatment in the simulator having ~70-L water, the values of turbidity were reduced by 91.1, 82.9, and 87.3% at 100, 200, and 400 NTU, respectively, after 24-h compared to the control. When applied 10-g (max.) of the synthesized soil amendment in each pot (1200 g; BD 1.21 g/cm3), the water retention was enhanced by 3.5%, after 15 days. No toxicity was found based on GI and eco-toxicological test.
Prof.Yoshiyuki Shinogi, Kyushu University Title: Challenge for resilient agriculture with biochar
Prof.Jim J Wang, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Title: Functionalized biochar for agricultural and environmental application
Trend and challenge in biochar development for agricultural and environmental application: - Exponential growth in development of value-added biochar products from different agricultural wastes. - Specific products with high economic value. - Fertilizer, environmental remediation, waste management and nutrient recovery. - Stability and reusability of value-added biochar. - Ecotoxicity of value-added and functionalized biochar. - Aquatic environment.
Prof.Fangbai Li, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environment and Soil Sciences Title: Biochar as an electron shuttle and the design of ZVI@biochar for heavy metal pollution control
The amendment of biochar may raise secondary environmental risks, such as As release into soil solution and increase in its bioavailability to rice grains, particularly with organic matter. Therefore, biochar amendment in paddy soil should be considered very carefully.
ZVI@biochar is a promising metal immobilizer because synergistic effects of biochar and ZVI is much more than themselves. The effective loading for pure biochar has to up to 7.5-15 tons/hectare, while that for Fe@biochar only 2.25-3 tons/hectare. The accumulation of Cd and As in rice greatly decreased with above 40% because the bioavailable Cd and As were transferred into immobilized speciation.  Prof.Baoliang Chen, Zhejiang University Title: Multiple and multilevel structures of biochars and their potential environmental applications: from materials to devices
Prof.Bin Gao, University of Florida Title: Engineered Biochar and Its Environmental Applications
Prof.Xinde Cao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Title: Distinguishing Electron Donated and Mediated Mechanisms in the Reduction of Cr(VI) by Biochar
Biochar had abundant electron donating/accepting capacity which mainly came from the functional group and carbon defect. Biochar can serve as both electron donor and electron shuttle during the Cr(VI) reduction. Soil Fe mineral, organic acids, and bacteria can participate the electron transfer process during the Cr(VI) reduction by biochar and thus affect the Cr(VI) reduction rate. Fe-biochar can immobilize soil As through the reducing capacity of Fe(0) and sorption capacity of amorphous iron mineral.
Prof.Hongwen Sun, Nankai University Title: The interaction between biochar and organic pollutants and its application in remediation of polluted farmland
Sorption mechanisms depend on chemical properties, and for polar chemicals, medium-temperature biochar may show the highest sorption capacity. Sorption capacity of biochar decrease with time after amend-ment in soil due to the interaction with soil constituents High-temperature of biochar can enhance chemical degradation of organic pollutants via catalyzed hydrolysis and oxidation. High-temperature biochar can inhibit biodegradation due to the lowered availability and unfavorable pH. Low-temperature of biochar can enhance biodegradation via enhancement on abundance of microorganisms. Prof.Bo Pan, Kunming University of Science and Technology Title: The reactivity of biochars and the application in organic contaminant removal
Prof.Zhihong Xu, Griffith University Title: Developing and applying biochar based novel solutions and technologies for food security and environmental futures
Opportunities and challenges ahead in biochar research and application Development and application of cost effective biochar-based solutions and technologies; Improving the understanding of key mechanisms of bio-chased products and technologies in controlling key biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in the soil-plant ecosystems; Development and application of science-based biochar standards (Version 1.0); Exploring and utilising the biochar-based solutions and technologies for food security and environmental futures.
Prof.Jianming Xu, Zhejiang University Title: Effect of manure-based biochar on soil N2O emission and microbial-N cycling genes
Manure-based biochars with easily mineralizable C increased the abundance of denitrification genes, i.e. nirK, nirS and nosZ and consequently increased N2O emission, regardless of moisture level and N form. With manure-based biochar, the N2O emission and denitrification genes decreased with increasing biochar aromaticity or pyrolysis temperature, and decreased when the easily mineralizable carbon was removed. Lignocellulose- derived biochar induced changes in AOB/AOA ratio, and constitute a better microbial niche for AOB in the near charosphere, in which pH played the important role in determining AOB/AOA ratio. There is a diminished capacity to complete denitrifification in the near charosphere, but conversely a greater relative abundance of nosZ in the far charosphere, explaining the contrasting observations related to lignocellulose-derived biochar affected N2O emissions from soils.
Prof.Roland Bol, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Title: Optimising fertilisers, start at the beginning
The U concentration in P fertilizers is the primary effect for evaluating the U accumulation in soils. Uranium accumulates in soil are also affected by the agricultural managements (rates of P fertilizer applications, land use types), soil physical-chemical properties. These factors should be considered and regulated at political level to limit environmental risks caused by fertilization induced U contamination.
Prof.Baoguo Li, China Agricultural University Title: Soil degradation, water scarcity and food security in China
China’s future food security lies in： Greatly improving crop water productivity in case of protecting soil resource bases. Developing regionalized precision farmland soil-water management technology suite to meet SDGs Breakthroughs in biotechnology in improving resource use efficiencies to address soil-water-food-environment nexus. Develop international win-win trade to mobilize global.
In future, high-resolution remote sensing, high-performance computing, and new generation of management modeling for agriculture, together with the mechanized production chains will closely plugged and coupled into a seamless system. All these systems will combine to create a new generation of agriculture, the so-called intelligent agriculture.
For future potential of yield increase, Chinese academician of Sciences, Zhensheng Li, computed a regional allocation for potential grain output increase, that is, for Northeast and Southeast China twelve and half million tons respectively, North China fifteen million tons, and five million tons for Northwest and Southwest China respectively. We can see that North, Northeast and Southeast China would undertake majority part of grain output increase.
Then come back to this map again and this time the regional focus of soil and water conservation. For Northeast China is to develop conservation tillage system. For North China, to develop water-adapted rotation system to in crease yield and minimize water stress. In Southeast China, it should struggle to prevent and remediate contaminated rice paddy soils. For Southwest China is soil and water conservation. For Northwest China is anti-salinization and soil and water conservation.
Prof.Markus Flury, Washington State University Title: Effect of biochar particle size on water retention of sand, silt loam, and clay soil
Prof.Xudong Zhang, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Title: Security of black soil resources and reformation of tillage practices
Prof.Ivan Vasenev, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Title: Black soils' smart management, monitoring and conservation in Russia
感谢各位报告发言人，感谢所有专家老师的积极参与~ |
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来自： 昵称37581541 > 《农业环境》
