【句】 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ——United States Bill of Rights, 1791 【词】 right= n.权利 effects= n.财产(熟词僻意) unreasonable= a.不合理的 seizure= n.扣押 violate= v.侵犯 warrant= n.授权 issue= v.发出 oath= n.宣誓 affirmation= n.证词 【主干】 The right of the people shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue. 【成分分析】 to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,定语,修饰right but upon probable cause,状语 supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 定语,修饰cause 【译】 人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利,不得侵犯。除依据可能成立的理由,以宣誓或代誓宣言保证,并详细说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物,不得发出搜查和扣押状。 ——权利法案 【背景】 1787年,美国宪法草案提交,很多人对它持怀疑甚至敌视态度。对此,支持宪法草案的美国联邦党人向人民保证,将会在第一届国会时在宪法中加入权利法案。同时杰弗逊等人奔走呼吁,要求在宪法中增加包括信仰自由、出版自由、陪审制度等人权条款,以保证“生命权、自由权和追求幸福之权”(独立宣言)。 【思】 |
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