1.确定是否安装systemd及其版本 # systemctl –version 2.确定systemd和systemctl的二进制文件和库文件的安装位置 # whereis systemd # whereis systemctl 3.确定systemd是否运行 # ps -eaf | grep [s]ystemd 4.分析systemd启动进程 # systemd-analyze 5.分析启动时各个进程花费的时间 # systemd-analyze blame 6. 分析启动时的关键链 # systemd-analyze critical-chain 7.列出所有可用单元 # systemctl list-unit-files 8.列出所有运行中单元 # systemctl list-units 9.列出所有失败单元 # systemctl --failed 10. 确定某个单元(如 nfs.service)是否启用 # systemctl is-enabled nfs.service 11.确定某个单元或服务是否运行 # systemctl status nfs.service 12. 列出所有服务(包括启用的和禁用的) # systemctl list-unit-files --type=service 13.启动、重启、停止、重载服务及确定服务(如 nfs.service)状态 # systemctl start nfs.service # systemctl restart nfs.service # systemctl stop nfs.service # systemctl reload nfs.service # systemctl status nfs.service --注: 1)Systemctl的start,restart,stop和reload命令,终端并不输出任何相关信息,但可以通过status命令获取。 14.激活并配置服务自启和禁用服务 # systemctl is-active nfs.service # systemctl enable nfs.service # systemctl disable nfs.service 15.屏蔽(禁止任何方式启动服务,其比disabled作用更强)或解除屏蔽服务 # systemctl mask nfs.service # systemctl unmask nfs.service 16.杀死服务 # systemctl kill nfs # systemctl status nfs 17.列出所有系统挂载点 # systemctl list-unit-files --type=mount 18.挂载、卸载、重新挂载、重载系统挂载点和确定系统挂载点状态 # systemctl start tmp.mount # systemctl stop tmp.mount # systemctl restart tmp.mount # systemctl reload tmp.mount # systemctl status tmp.mount 19. 启动时激活、启用(自动挂载)或禁用挂载点 # systemctl is-active tmp.mount # systemctl enable tmp.mount # systemctl disable tmp.mount 20.屏蔽(使其不能启用)或解屏蔽挂载点 # systemctl mask tmp.mount # systemctl unmask tmp.mount 21. 列出所有可用套接字 # systemctl list-unit-files --type=socket 22. 启动、重启、停止、重载套接字并确认其状态 # systemctl start cups.socket # systemctl restart cups.socket # systemctl stop cups.socket # systemctl reload cups.socket # systemctl status cups.socket 23.系统启动时激活套接口,并启用(自启)或禁用该套接字 # systemctl is-active cups.socket # systemctl enable cups.socket # systemctl disable cups.socket 24.屏蔽(使其不能启动)或解屏蔽套接字 # systemctl mask cups.socket # systemctl unmask cups.socket 25.获取某个服务的CPU配额 # systemctl show -p CPUShares nfs.service 26.限制某个服务的CPU配额为2000 # systemctl set-property nfs.service CPUShares=2000 # systemctl show -p CPUShares nfs.service --注: 1)当为某个服务设置CPU配额时,系统会以服务名为名字创建一个目录(如 nfs.service),其中包含一个名为90-CPUShares.conf的文件,该文件包含CPUShare限制的相关信息,可以用如下方式查看该文件。 # vi /etc/systemd/system/nfs.service.d/90-CPUShares.conf 27. 确定某个服务的所有配置信息 # systemctl show nfs 28. 分析某个服务的关键链 # systemd-analyze critical-chain nfs.service 29.获取某个服务的依赖性关系 # systemctl list-dependencies nfs.service 30.按等级列出控制组 # systemd-cgls 31.按CPU、内存、输入和输出列出控制组 # systemd-cgtop 32.进入系统救援模式 # systemctl rescue 33.进入紧急模式 # systemctl emergency 34. 确认当前的运行等级 # systemctl get-default 35.进入相应运行等级 --图形模式(5) # systemctl isolate runlevel5.target 或 # systemctl isolate graphical.target --多用户模式(3) # systemctl isolate runlevel3.target 或 # systemctl isolate multiuser.target 36.设置默认运行等级 # systemctl set-default runlevel3.target 或 # systemctl set-default runlevel5.target 37.使系统重启、停止、挂起、休眠或进入混合睡眠 # systemctl reboot # systemctl halt # systemctl suspend # systemctl hibernate # systemctl hybrid-sleep --注: 1)Runlevel 0 : 关闭系统。 2)Runlevel 1 : 救援维护模式。 3)Runlevel 3 : 多用户,无图形模式。 4)Runlevel 4 : 系统未使用,保留。 5)Runlevel 5 : 多用户,图形化模式。 6)Runlevel 6 : 关闭并重启系统。 |
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