Chemistry laws

Chemistry is all around us, from the air we breathe to the food we eat, chemistry is involved in it all. But then how do we make sense of all the things that are happening around us? Over the years chemists have been observing nature and the matter around us coming up with laws of chemistry which laid the foundation for us to understand further about the chemistry of our universe. Let us have a brief look at some of the many chemistry laws.化学在我们周围，从我们呼吸的空气到我们吃的食物，化学都参与其中。但是，我们如何理解我们周围发生的所有事情呢？多年来，化学家一直在观察自然和我们周围的物质，提出化学定律，为我们进一步了解宇宙的化学奠定了基础。让我们简要地看一下许多化学定律中的一部分。

 Law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律

The law of conservation of mass is often referred to as the most fundamental concept of chemistry. The law of conservation of mass states that :

质量守恒定律通常被称为最基本的化学概念。保护大众法规定：

在化学反应过程中，在反应发生前后，所涉及的物质量保持不变。

In the process of a chemical reaction, the amount of matter involved remains the same before and after the reaction occurs.

Law of conservation of energy能量守恒定律

The law of conservation of energy is the first basic law which concerns a thermodynamic system. The law states that:

能量守恒定律是涉及热力学系统的第一条基本法律。法律规定：系统的总能量是保存的，因为它与周围环境隔离。

The total energy of a system is conserved given it is isolated from its surroundings.

 

能量守恒定律是指在一个封闭（孤立）系统的总能量保持不变。其中总能量一般说来已不再只是动能与势能之和，而是静止能量（固有能量）、动能、势能三者的总量

Boyle’s Law

Also known by the names of Boyle–Mariotte law or Mariotte’s law, Boyle’s law states that:

The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system.

 Charles law

Also known as the law of volumes, Charles’s law is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. The law states that:

When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be directly related

 Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Dalton’s law of partial pressures states that:

In a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

 Avogadro’s Law

This particular law was discovered in 1811 by Amedeo Avogadro. Avogadro’s Law states that :

Equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules.

 Ideal Gas Law

The volume (V) occupied by n moles of any gas has a pressure (P) at a temperature (T) in Kelvin. The relationship between these variables is signifying the law is given below.

PV = nRT

 Periodic Law

The periodic law was developed independently by Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer in 1869. The Periodic Law states that:

The physical and chemical properties of the elements recur in a systematic and predictable way when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

It means, when the elements are arranged in the order of their increasing atomic numbers, it is observed that the elements of similar properties recur at regular intervals or periodically. As a result of this, the elements fall in certain groups and lead to an arrangement called the modern periodic table of elements.

 Laws of thermodynamics

The four laws of thermodynamics define the fundamental physical quantities that characterize thermodynamic systems at thermal equilibrium. The laws describe how these quantities behave under various circumstances and forbid certain phenomena. There are four laws of thermodynamics.

1. Zeroth law of thermodynamics

2. First law of thermodynamics

3. Second law of thermodynamics

4. Third law of thermodynamics

The physical and chemical properties of the elements recur in a systematic and predictable way when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Faraday’s Law 法拉第定律

Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf) to be “induced” in the coil. No matter how the change is produced, the voltage will be generated. This is made clear by Faraday’s Law. 

Faraday’s Law states that:

The amount of substance liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed.

 Henry’s Law

Henry’s law is one of the gas laws and was formulated by the British chemist, William Henry, in 1803. It states that:

At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.

These are just some of the many laws of chemistry which everyone should have an 

understanding of.

法拉第定律

线圈的磁性环境的任何变化都会导致线圈中的电压 （emf） 被"感应"。无论如何产生变化，都会产生电压。法拉第定律对此已经清楚了。

法拉第定律规定：

电极释放的物质量与通过的电量成正比。

 亨利定律

亨利定律是气体法之一，由英国化学家威廉·亨利于1803年制定。它指出：

在恒定温度下，特定气体溶解在给定类型中的气体量和液体体积与该气体与该液体平衡的部分压力成正比。

这些只是每个人都应该了解的许多化学定律中的一部分。