主谓一致：一．就近原则：出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。 二．意义一致原则：主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。 三．语法一致：一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。 四.详细解析： 1.由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…butalso， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home. 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There_____(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There______(come) the bus. 3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father. 4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday. 5. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。When to leave _____(be) not been decided. Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes. 注意： ①如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night . ②由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”. 6.“…+(of) +名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数，如： half of, some of, any of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quarter of, a third of, 30% of。 Most of the water here ______(be) clean. 80% cotton ______（have) been sent to America.80% Half of the apples ______(be) red. 7. 词组“a number of（许多、大量）”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“the number of（……的数目）”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war. The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year. 8.英语的集体名词（family,public, group, team, class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming. 9. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each+…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working. 10. 英语句中的each， either， neither等词，作代词充当主语，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither of us _____(have) been abroad. Neither answer _____(be) wrong . 11.由some,any every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody______(be)waiting for you at the school gate. 12.成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a/the pair of；a/the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair,suit, piece ）在单复数上保持一致。A pair of scissors______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker. Two pieces of paper ____(be ) on the desk . 13. 以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths, physics, news …）谓语用单数。Maths_____(be)my favorite subject. 14.“the +形容词（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。The young ______(like) listening to popular songs . 15.“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。The Greens _______(be)having lunch now. 16.当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month. 17. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。10 minutes is enough. 18.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2 and 3 ______5. 19.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China. 20.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher ___ coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher___coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 练习与巩固：( )1.There______ be a fashion show in our towntomorrow. A．are going to B.will have C. has D. is going to ( )2.Doing exercise ____ good for your health. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )3.Neither he nor I__________ from Canada. We are from Australia. A.is B.are C. am D. be ( )4. Anumber of tourists ________ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. A.have been to B. has been to C. has goneto D. have gone to ( )5.Now the number of Chinese people _____ working Africa more than one million. A.is B.are C. was D. were ( )6. Not only my friends but also I _______interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )7. Everyone except Tom and John ____there when the meeting began. A.are B. is C. were D. was ( )8.Neither Kate nor her cousins ______ to America, but ______ of them have known the country very well. A.have been; all B. have gone; both C. has been;all ( )9. There _____a dictionary and two pens on the desk. A.am B. is C. are ( )9.—Maths ____my favourite subject, what about you? —Physics_____. I think it's very interesting． A.is；is B. are;are C. are；is ( )10. In our school library there _____ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them _____ growing larger and larger. A.are; is B. is;are C. have; are D. has; is ( )11. Neither my sister nor I _____ been toAmericabefore. A.have ever B. have never C. has ever D. has never. ( )12. Neither of the books____ interesting. I won’t buy of them_____.. A.is; either B. are; neither C. is; any ( )13. There___still some apple juice in the fridge. It’s not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now. A.was B.were C. is D. are ( )14 .How time flies! We'll graduate. Three years really____ short time. A.was B.are C. is ( )15.Do you think there _____ robots in People’s homes in the future? A.will be B.will is C. be will ( )16.There______ some milk, two apples and a bottle of juice in the fridge. A.is B.are C. have ( )17. Nobody except Tom and Mary _______in the classroom. The students are watching the basketball game on the playground now. A.am B. is C. are ( )18 .—I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. —Sorry,I with my parents _______ at that time. A.was shopping B. were shopping C. are shopping D. went shopping |
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