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收货人和船舶次承租人是船舶承租人的代理人0r 承包人?

 王力律师 2020-03-17

收货人和船舶次承租人是船舶承租人的代理人0r 承包人?

  收货人和船舶次承租人与船舶承租人的关系,主要依据各方的合同约定确认

   案例:

  船东NY将船租给了CILL,CILL又将该船转租给了TRAL.TRAL ICF签署合约出售一批设备给ICF,该买卖合同包括C&F FO 条款(C&F是指卖方负责办理货物运输,并承担运至指定目的港的运费FO是指船方不负责卸货)。在该合约下,如果不能在规定的卸货时间内卸货完毕,买方向卖方承担滞期费。

  20081015日,船舶到达卸货港,因为卸货设备出现故障,停止卸货,直到1215日恢复卸货.18TRAL获得了法院的扣货令,用于担保ICF支付156万美元的滞期费,因为疏忽该船舶也是被扣押。这时CILL向船东主张停租,依据双方租约第49条:

Should the vessel be captured or seizured or detained or arrest by any authority or by any legal process during the currency of this Charter Party,the payment of hire shall be suspended until the time of her release,unless such capture or seizure or detention or arrest is occasioned by any personal act or omission or defaut of the Charterers or their agents..........

  上述大意为,船舶被扣押可停租,但是如果因为承租人及代理的行为、过错、违约引起的,则不停租。双方无法达成一致,船东申请仲裁 要求支付租金不停租。                        本案的焦点在于认定:收货人和船舶次承租人与船舶承租人的关系 代理人或是承包人?

  仲裁挺认定,收货人和船舶次承租人与船舶承租人承包关系,故此驳回了船东的申请。随后船东诉到法院,法院认定是代理关系,支持了船东的请求。法院认定如下:

  In my judgment,construed in the context of the charterparty as a whole ,including the many provisions that contemplate the charter being operated by each of the parties through agent, the proviso is nor limited to cases where parties who are specifically instructed by the charterers to carry out functions that are the charterers responsibility occasion a capture ,seizure,detention or arrest of the vessel.in short,I accept Mr Yongs submission that parties such as sub-charterers or receivers to whom CILL,by subletting the vessel,had delegated or sub-delegated the performance of its responsibilities under the charterparty can be CILL agent for the purposes of the proviso49条)

  上述大意为,要从合约的整体上解释条文的含义,包括许多条款约定合同的履行可以通过各方的代理人履行。49条的并不仅仅适用于有具体约定的的代理行为。简言之,本案中, 次承租人与收货人是承租人的代理人。

  综上所诉,上述案件之所有能有不同的判法,原因在于合约的约定不够具体明确,使得不同的人得出了不同的结论,也再次警告,合约约定一定要明确,否则就是巨额损失。

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