 2017年4月23日22:57--23:55 Why Big6?? We all suffer from information overload. 我们都受够了信息过量。 There is just too much “stuff” out there, and it’s not easy to keep up. 现在中有太多的信息，因此我们不容易理解他们。 At the same time, there’s an irony—yes, we are surrounded by information, but we can never seem to find what we want, when we want it, and in a form we want it so that we can use it effectively. 同时，很讽刺的是，是的，我们被信息包围，但是我们似乎从来没有找到我们想要的，当我们想要它的时候，它只是我们想要的，并以我们希望的一种形式以便可以有效地使用它。 One solution to the information problem—the one that seems to be most often adopted in schools (as well as in business and society in general)—is to speed things up. 一个解决信息问题的方案---这一类看起来的最常被在学校（同时通常被商业和社会）应用--就是让它加速。 We try to pack in more and more content, to work faster to get more done. 我们试着将尽可能多的连接囊括进去，去更快工作让更多信息被处理。 But, this is a losing proposition. Speeding things up can only work for so long. 但是，我们忘记了初衷。让进程加速只会让工作时间越来越长。 Instead, we need to think about helping students to work smarter, not faster. 但是，我们应该考虑帮助学习者更智慧地学习和工作，而不是更快。 There is an alternative to speeding things up. 有别的可选项让事务推进更有效率。 It’s the smarter solution—one that helps students develop the skills and understandings they need to find, process, and use information effectively. 这个更明智的选择能够帮助学习者发展技能的同时理解他们需要去发现、处理和有效地使用信息。 This smarter solution focuses on process as well as content. 这个更明智的方案更加聚焦于过程和内容。 Some people call this smarter solution information literacy or information skills instruction. We call it the Big6. 一些人把这个明智的方案被一部分人称为信息素养或者信息技术能力。我们（作者）把它定义为Big6. The Big6? Skills Big6 技巧 The Big6 is a process model of how people of all ages solve an information problem. Big6是一种帮助各年龄阶段解决信息问题的过程模型。 From practice and study, we found that successful information problem-solving encompasses six stages with two sub-stages under each: 经过实践和研究，我们发现有效的信息问题-解决包含6个大部分，每个部分包含两个层面，如下： 1. Task Definition定义任务 1.1 Define the information problem 定义信息任务 1.2 Identify information needed 确定所需的信息 2. Information Seeking Strategies 信息搜寻策略 2.1 Determine all possible sources 确定所有可能的信息来源 2.2 Select the best sources 选择最佳的信息源 3. Location and Access 定位和搜索 3.1 Locate sources (intellectually and physically) 确定来源 3.2 Find information within sources 从来源选择信息 4. Use of Information 使用信息 4.1 Engage (e.g., read, hear, view, touch) 感受信息（例如阅读、听、观察、接触等） 4.2 Extract relevant information 提取相关信息 5. Synthesis 整合 5.1 Organize from multiple sources 组织多来源的信息 5.2 Present the information 表达信息 6. Evaluation 评价信息 6.1 Judge the product (effectiveness) 评价问题解决的结果（有效性） 6.2 Judge the process (efficiency) 评价问题解决过程（效率） overload |???v??l??d; 美 ?o?v?r?lo?d| [动词 + 名词短语][常用被动态] to put too great a load on sth 使超载；使负荷过重 an overloaded truck 一辆超载的卡车 ~ sb (with sth) to give sb too much of sth 使负担过重 He's overloaded with responsibilities. 他担负的责任过多。 Don't overload the students with information. 不要给学生灌输过多的信息。 to put too great a demand on a computer, an electrical system, etc. causing it to fail 使（计算机）超载运行；使（电路）超负荷 stuff |st?f| [不可数名词] (informal,sometimes disapproving) used to refer to a substance, material, group of objects, etc. when you do not know the name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking about （事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时用）东西，物品，玩意儿 What's all that sticky stuff on the carpet? 地毯上那黏乎乎的都是什么玩意儿？ The chairs were covered in some sort of plastic stuff. 椅子都包了一种塑料膜。 This wine is good stuff. 这酒不错。 (disapproving)I don't know how you can eat that stuff! 我不明白你怎么能吃那种东西！ They sell stationery and stuff (like that) . 他们出售文具之类的东西。 Where's all my stuff (= my possessions) ? 我那些东西都哪儿去了？ (disapproving)Could you move all that stuff off the table? 请你把桌上那些玩意儿全都拿走好不好？ ——see also foodstuff (informal) used to refer in a general way to things that people do, say, think, etc. （泛指）活儿，话，念头，东西 I've got loads of stuff to do today. 我今天有好多事儿要做。 I like reading and stuff . 我喜欢看书什么的。 The band did some great stuff on their first album. 这支乐队首张专辑有几支很棒的曲子。 This is all good stuff . Well done! 这一切都不错，干得漂亮！ What's all this ‘Mrs Smith ’ stuff? Call me Anna. 哪来的什么“史密斯夫人”那一套？叫我安娜好了。 I don't believe in all that stuff about ghosts. 我不信什么鬼呀魂呀的。 ~ (of sth) (formal,or literary) the most important feature of sth; something that sth else is based on or is made from 基本特征；特质；根本；基础；原料 The trip was magical; the stuff of which dreams are made. 那是一次奇妙的旅行，宛如梦境。 Parades and marches were the very stuff of politics in the region. 游行示威是那一地区政治生活的基本内容。 Let's see what stuff you're made of (= what sort of person you are). 我们来看看你是怎样一个人。 ——see also hot stuff 习语 do your stuff (informal) to do what you are good at or what you have been trained to do 施展自己的本事；露一手 Some members of the team are just not doing their stuff (= doing as well as they should) . 队中几名成员压根儿没有使出自己的本事。 (figurative)The medicine has clearly done its stuff. 这药显然起作用了。 not give a stuff (British English,slang) to not care at all about sth 一点不在乎 stuff and nonsense (old-fashioned,informal) used by some people to say that they think that sth is stupid or not true 废话；胡说八道 ——more at kid n. , know v., stern adj., strut v., sweat v. keep up 释义 A.keep up if particular weather keeps up , it continues without stopping （天气）持续不变 The rain kept up all afternoon. 雨下了整整一个下午。 习语 keep up/move with the times to change and develop your ideas, way of working, etc. so that you do what is modern and what is expected 跟上时代；跟着潮流 动词短语 keep up with sth to learn about or be aware of the news, current events, etc. 熟悉，了解（消息、形势等） She likes to keep up with the latest fashions. 她喜欢赶时髦。 to continue to pay or do sth regularly 继续支付；继续做 If you do not keep up with the payments you could lose your home. 如果你不继续付款，你的住房就可能保不住了。 irony |?a?r?ni| (pl. -ies) [不可数名词, 可数名词] the amusing or strange aspect of a situation that is very different from what you expect; a situation like this （出乎意料的）奇异可笑之处；有讽刺意味的情况 The irony is that when he finally got the job, he discovered he didn't like it. 讽刺的是，当他最终得到那份工作时，他发现自己并不喜欢它。 It was one of life's little ironies. 那是生活中的一个小小的嘲弄。 [不可数名词] the use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this 反语；反话 ‘England is famous for its food, ’ she said with heavy irony . “英格兰的食物很有名哪。”她极其讽刺地说道。 There was a note of irony in his voice. 他的声音里有一丝挖苦的味道。 She said it without a hint/trace of irony . 她说此话没有一点嘲讽之意。 proposition |?pr?p??z??n; 美 ?prɑ:p-| an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially in business 提议，建议（尤指业务上的） I'd like to put a business proposition to you. 我想向您提个业务上的建议。 He was trying to make it look like an attractive proposition . 他正设法使他的计划显得吸引人。 a thing that you intend to do; a problem or task to be dealt with 欲做的事；待处理的问题；任务 matter Getting a work permit in the UK is not always a simple proposition. 在英国获得工作许可证往往不是一件简单的事情。 (also Proposition) (in the US) a suggested change to the law that people can vote on （美国）法律修正议案 How did you vote on Proposition 8? 对于第8项修正案你是怎么投的票？ (formal) a statement that expresses an opinion 见解；主张；观点 Her assessment is based on the proposition that power corrupts. 她的分析是建立在权力使人堕落的观点上的。 (mathematics 数) a statement of a theorem , and an explanation of how it can be proved 命题 [派生词] propositional Adj. encompass |?n?k?mp?s| [动词 + 名词短语](formal) to include a large number or range of things 包含，包括，涉及（大量事物） The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. 这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。 The group encompasses all ages. 这个小组各种年龄的人都有。 to surround or cover sth completely 包围；围绕；围住 The fog soon encompassed the whole valley. 大雾很快笼罩了整个山谷。 stage |ste?d?| 释义 A.PERIOD/STATE 时期；状态 [可数名词] a period or state that sth/sb passes through while developing or making progress （发展或进展的）时期，阶段，状态 This technology is still in its early stages . 这项技术还处于其早期开发状态。 The children are at different stages of development. 这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。 The product is at the design stage. 产品处于设计阶段。 People tend to work hard at this stage of life. 人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力。 At one stage it looked as though they would win. 有一段时间，他们好像大有获胜的希望。 Don't worry about the baby not wanting to leave you─it's a stage they go through . 宝宝不肯离开你别担心，他们总要经过这个阶段。 B.PART OF PROCESS 程序 [可数名词] a separate part that a process, etc. is divided into 段；步；步骤 phase We did the first stage of the trip by train. 旅行的第一段我们乘的是火车。 The police are building up a picture of the incident stage by stage . 警方正逐步摸清那次事件的经过。 The pay increase will be introduced in stages (= not all at once) . 工资的提高将分步进行。 We can take the argument one stage further. 我们可以把辩论更深入一步。 C.THEATRE 剧场 [可数名词] a raised area, usually in a theatre, etc. where actors, dancers, etc. perform （多指剧场中的）舞台 The audience threw flowers onto the stage. 观众把鲜花抛向舞台。 There were more than 50 people on stage in one scene. 有一场戏中舞台上的人有50多个。 They marched off stage to the sound of trumpets. 在号角声中，他们阔步退下舞台。 ——see also backstage, offstage, onstage (often the stage) [单数] the theatre and the world of acting as a form of entertainment 戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧界 His parents didn't want him to go on the stage (= to be an actor) . 他父母不想让他当演员。 She was a popular star of stage and screen (= theatre and cinema/movies) . 她是观众喜爱的舞台银幕两栖明星。 D.IN POLITICS 政界 [单数] an area of activity where important things happen, especially in politics （政治等活动的）领域；（政治）舞台 She was forced to the centre of the political stage . 她被推到了政治舞台的中心。 Germany is playing a leading role on the international stage . 德国在国际政治舞台上起着主导作用。 ——see also centre stage E.CARRIAGE 马车 [可数名词](old-fashioned,informal) = stagecoach ——see also landing stage 习语 set the stage for sth to make it possible for sth to happen; to make sth likely to happen 使某事成为可能；为某事铺平了道路 下一期主题：Big6 CC0 LicenseFrom https://www. |
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