【猪译馆】妊娠管理指南 （连载四）

一群努力推动中国养猪业发展的仁人志士共同打造的大型线上培训系列节目—猪学社上线，以期与养猪人共度时艰！

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前言 Foreword

丹育猪以高产著名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹育种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载当时丹麦养猪研究中心制作的丹育《妊娠管理指南》，敬请关注。

编者的话 Editor's Note

对妊娠母猪的正确管理有助于提高和维持母猪高产、稳产。顺便推荐给学习专业英语的爱好者，这是不可多得的学习资料。这也是一份做猪场操作标准流程SOP的很好的资料。

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4. 妊娠舍母猪转群策略

INSERTION STRATEGY FOR TRAINED ANIMALS 

每次在母猪合群或在群体中转入新的母猪时都会出现等级争斗，从而造成应激。因此要尽量避免转入新的母猪。

Every time there is established or are inserted new animals in a group the formation of hierarchy occurs. It results in fights that are stressful for the animals. Therefore, mixings should as far as possible be avoided.

母猪应当在配种后的前4 周内饲养在限位栏里，稳定的群体可以提高圈舍的利用率。在限位栏饲养4 周，还可以确保母猪获得更为一致的体况，并且只有怀孕的母猪才会转入妊娠舍。转入妊娠舍也可以选择在配种后的2 天内（但2 小时后）进行。

Animals should be boxed the first 4 weeks after mating in the interest of the unit usage by stable groups. The 4 weeks in the boxes enables a more uniform condition by insertion in groups and that only pregnant animal enters the gestation unit. Insertion can alternatively be made 2 days after mating.

栏内有垫草的母猪

Animals in bedding

转入妊娠舍

By Insertion 

评估母猪。不能正常行走，有肩伤及其它损伤的母猪要转到病母猪栏/观察栏或淘汰。

Assessment of the animal. Animals that don’t walk normally, have shoulder wounds or other sufferings are inserted in a hospital pen/buffer pen or are culled.

评估经产母猪和后备母猪的体况，根据体况设置相应的饲喂曲线进行饲喂。

Evaluate the body condition on sows and gilts and place them on a feed curve in relation to their body condition.

检查母猪耳牌是否清晰“可读”。

Check that the animal has a readable ear tag.

圈舍内供应垫料和拱土材料。

Assign bedding or rooting material in the pen.

检查所有的栏或饲喂站和配料器和阀门的功能。

Check all pens or feed stations and feed boxes or valves function.

转群应该在相对安静的时间段进行。

Insertion should occur in a quiet period.

设置好赶母猪的通道，安静地将母猪从配种舍赶到妊娠舍。

Passageways are formed and the animals are driven quietly from the mating unit to the gestation unit.

如果母猪从一个稳定的群体转出，那么在一周之内该母猪可再次转入。如果已经转出很长一段时间，最好把它转入观察栏。

If the animal has only been away from a stable group less than one week, the animal usually can be placed in the group again. If the animal has been away a longer time, it is placed in the buffer unit.

转入的前三天要额外留心观察，直到母猪群形成稳定的等级。

Extra supervision for the first 3 days after insertion until the ranking is established.

转群不好会导致：

Poor Insertion Strategy Leads To:

1、将需要治疗的母猪转入会增加治愈的难度。

To treat and cure is hampered if there is inserted treatment required animals in the group.

2、将转入的经产母猪和后备母猪再次转移会降低妊娠。

That the unit usage is degraded if sows and gilts are removed from the pen.

3、母猪没有得到适当的饲料量。

That the animals do not get the desired feed ration.

4、等级争斗导致肢蹄受伤的母猪增多。

That too many animals get leg and hoof injuries because of ranking fights.

5、较弱的母猪躺在冷的漏缝地板区域。

That the weak animals are lying on the cold slatted floor.

6、在受精卵着床期间的争斗会对母猪的生产力带来负面效应。

That the animals must make ranking in the implantation period, which can affect the production results in a negative direction.

母猪栏内为漏缝地板

Animals lying on slatted floor.

补充说明-母猪转群策略

Additional Comments-Insertion Strategy For Trained Animals 

一、电子母猪饲喂系统

Electronic sow feeding

（一）转入妊娠舍

By insertion

1. 用耳牌阅读器检查发射的母猪号码是否与该母猪真实号码对应。

Check the transponder number with the ear tag reader and whether it corresponds to the sow number.

2. 根据配种记录调整电脑里的周期清单。

Cycle days in the feed computer is held up to the mating list.

3. 确保在系统中激活每头经产母猪/后备母猪。如果经产母猪/后备母猪不是被人工激活的，就不会得到理想的饲喂曲线。

Make the sow/gilt active/present in the program. If the sow/gilt is not manually activated/ present it will not be present on the desired feed curve.

4. 如果可能的话，可将后备母猪比经产母猪早一天转入妊娠舍。这样后备母猪会在与经产母猪之间发生等级争斗之前就熟悉圈舍/饲喂站并吃到最先配给的饲料。

The gilts are inserted in the pen on day before the sows are inserted if it is possible. The gilts thereby know the pen/feed station and has eaten first feed ration before the ranking fights with the older sows.

5. 尽可能的减少新的母猪转入群体中。目标是要保持稳定的母猪群。

Try to introduce new animals into the pen as seldom as possible. The goal is to have stable groups.

6. 猪群转入妊娠舍后，如果相当长一段时间内没有投料，则要求饲喂后再转入，否则直到第二天才能采食饲料。

The animals are inserted in a period where there is no activity in the pen. This requires that animals were fed before insertion. Otherwise they do not get feed until the next feeding day.

7. 转群时，最好让母猪通过饲喂站进入妊娠舍，并饲喂一半的日粮。

If the animals are sluiced through the feeding station, half a ration is given.

（二）从病猪栏恢复的母猪和返情母猪的转移

Healthy reported animals from the hospital pen and returners

1. 动态群体：尽可能一次转入至少10 头新母猪。

Dynamic groups: Try to insert at least 10 new animals at once.

（三）不良的转群策略:

Poor insertion strategy:

1. 母猪在相当长的时间里，只能吃到勉强维持生命的饲料。

The animals “survive” on emergency ration in an inappropriate long time.

2. 如果将来自同一个群体的母猪，转入不同的圈舍，会增加工作量。

An increased workload, if the animals from one week group are inserted into several pens.

二 、每头母猪一个限位栏

One box per sow

（一）转入散养舍

By insertion in loose housi

1. 转入后立刻饲喂

The animals are fed immediately after insertion.

2. 根据体况将母猪分成不同的组别。目的是体况一致的母猪群可适用相同的饲喂曲线。母猪的体况比母猪的年龄更重要，这意味着体型大的后备母猪可以和年龄大的经产母猪一起饲喂。

The animals are divided into groups by body condition. The goal is a uniform group that can use the same feed curve. The animal’s body condition is more important than the animals’ age. This means that big gilts can be housed with older sows.

3. 根据群体体况，选择适宜的饲喂曲线进行饲喂。

The group is put on a feed curve.

4. 一间圈舍最好一次装满，尽量避免之后再转入新的母猪。

The pen is filled at once. The insertion of new animals in the group later must preferably be avoided.

5. 根据自闭栏的数量来调整圏内母猪的数量。额外的自闭栏/配量器/阀门要关闭，这样母猪就不能在饲喂时在自闭栏间跑动。

The number of animals in the pen is adjusted to the number of boxes. Excess boxes/feed boxes/valves are closed, so the animal does not run between boxes by feeding.

三、在长料槽中饲喂液态料

Wet feeding in long through

（一）转入妊娠舍

By insertion

1. 根据体况将母猪分成不同的组别。目的是体况一致的母猪群可适用相同的饲喂曲线。母猪的体况比母猪的年龄更重要，这意味着体型大的后备母猪可以和年龄大的经产母猪一起饲喂。

The animals are divided into groups by body condition. The goal is a uniform group that can use the same feed curve. The animals’ body condition is more important than the animals’ age by grouping. This means that big gilts can be housed with older sows.

2. 母猪群每组最少12-15头，最多20-25头。上限是根据料槽一次可容纳的饲料量确定的。

Group size must be min. 12-15 per group. Max 20-25 per group. The max limit is set by the desirability of having feed in the entire through at once.

3. 一间圈舍最好一次装满。

The pen is filled at once.

4. 根据群体体况，选择适宜的饲喂曲线进行饲喂。

The group is put on a feed curve.

5. 在临近饲喂时转入。

Animals are inserted immediately before feeding.

四、地板饲喂

Floor feeding

（一）转入妊娠舍

By insertion

1. 在母猪转入前将饲料撒在地板上。撒约两倍的饲料量。

The feed is allocated on the floor before insertion of animals. There will be allocated double ration.

2. 根据体况将母猪分成不同的组别。目的是体况一致的母猪群可适用相同的饲喂曲线。母猪的体况比母猪的年龄更重要，这意味着体型大的后备母猪可以和年龄大的经产母猪一起饲喂。

The animals are divided by body condition. The goal is to have a uniform group that can be on the same feed curve. The animals’ body condition is more important than the animals’ age when you are grouping. This means that large gilts can be housed with older sows.

3. 母猪群每组最少12-15头。

Group size minimum 12-15 per group.

4. 一间圈舍最好一次装满。

The pen is filled at once.

5. 根据群体体况，选择适宜的饲喂曲线进行饲喂。

The group is put on a feed curve. 

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