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早期乳腺癌患者蒽环类化疗+内乳淋巴链放疗后心血管疾病发生风险

 SIBCS 2020-08-27

  近几十年来,由于诊断提前和治疗进步,乳腺癌的生存率已经大大提高。目前,随着内乳淋巴链放疗和蒽环类化疗的普及,治愈了许多早期乳腺癌女性,但是这两种治疗都与心血管疾病风险增加相关。

  2018年8月1日,英国癌症研究基金会和英国《自然》旗下《英国癌症杂志》在线发表荷兰阿姆斯特丹癌症研究所、鹿特丹大学医学中心癌症研究所、格罗宁根大学医学中心、英国牛津大学的研究报告,分析了早期乳腺癌患者蒽环类化疗+内乳淋巴链放疗后心血管疾病发生风险。

  该研究根据荷兰阿姆斯特丹癌症研究所和鹿特丹大学医学中心癌症研究所的医院癌症登记数据库,对1986~2009年接受治疗的1万4645例年龄<62岁荷兰I~IIIA期乳腺癌和乳腺导管原位癌患者心血管疾病发生情况进行评定,通过比例风险模型和普通人群比较进行分析。

  结果发现,不伴内乳淋巴链的左、右乳房放疗心血管疾病发生率之比为1.11(95%置信区间:0.93~1.32)。

  内乳淋巴链放疗(心脏平均剂量四分位距9~17Gy)仅右乳房放疗相比,所有心血管疾病、缺血性心脏病、心力衰竭、心脏瓣膜疾病的发生风险增加1.6~2.4倍。治疗后的缺血性心脏病风险保持至少20年。

  蒽环类化疗与无蒽环类化疗相比,心力衰竭风险增加4.18倍(95%置信区间:3.07~5.69),治疗后5年内出现并且至少10~15年仍然增加。

  内乳淋巴链放疗+蒽环类化疗与内乳淋巴链放疗或蒽环类化疗相比,心力衰竭风险显著增加9.23倍(95%置信区间:6.01~14.18)。

  因此,女性接受蒽环类化疗+较大心脏平均剂量内乳淋巴链放疗(较早时代)大大增加了若干心血管疾病的发生风险,故可能需要对某些乳腺癌患者人群进行筛查。

相关阅读

Br J Cancer. 2018 Aug 1. [Epub ahead of print]

Cardiovascular disease incidence after internal mammary chain irradiation and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Naomi B. Boekel, Judy N. Jacobse, Michael Schaapveld, Maartje J. Hooning, Jourik A. Gietema, Frances K. Duane, Carolyn W. Taylor, Sarah C. Darby, Michael Hauptmann, Caroline M. Seynaeve, Margreet H. A. Baaijens, Gabe S. Sonke, Emiel J. T. Rutgers, Nicola S. Russell, Berthe M. P. Aleman, Flora E. van Leeuwen.

Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus University Medical Center - Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

BACKGROUND: Improved breast cancer (BC) survival and evidence showing beneficial effects of internal mammary chain (IMC) irradiation underscore the importance of studying late cardiovascular effects of BC treatment.

METHODS: We assessed cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in 14,645 Dutch BC patients aged <62 years, treated during 1970-2009. Analyses included proportional hazards models and general population comparisons.

RESULTS: CVD rate-ratio for left-versus-right breast irradiation without IMC was 1.11 (95% CI 0.93-1.32). Compared to right-sided breast irradiation only, IMC irradiation (interquartile range mean heart doses 9-17Gy) was associated with increases in CVD rate overall, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF) and valvular heart disease (hazard ratios (HRs): 1.6-2.4). IHD risk remained increased until at least 20 years after treatment. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was associated with an increased HF rate (HR=4.18, 95% CI 3.07-5.69), emerging <5 years and remaining increased at least 10-15 years after treatment. IMC irradiation combined with anthracycline-based chemotherapy was associated with substantially increased HF rate (HR=9.23 95% CI 6.01-14.18), compared to neither IMC irradiation nor anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS: Women treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy and IMC irradiation (in an older era) with considerable mean heart dose exposure have substantially increased incidence of several CVDs. Screening may be appropriate for some BC patient groups.

DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0159-x

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