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镉是常见的环境污染物，由于对人体细胞具有雌激素样活性，故被怀疑可能增加乳腺癌风险；不过，流行病学研究报告结果不一。
2019年4月1日，国际抗癌联盟《国际癌症杂志》在线发表法国里昂伯纳德中心、里昂第一大学、里昂癌症研究中心、国际癌症研究机构、波尔多大学、巴黎萨克雷大学、古斯塔夫鲁西研究所的研究报告，探讨了慢性长期暴露于空气镉污染与乳腺癌风险的相关性。 该法国E3N队列嵌套病例对照研究（4059例患者和4059例匹配对照者）评估了长期暴露于空气传播镉污染对乳腺癌以及不同分子亚型（雌激素受体阴性、阳性，孕激素受体阴性、阳性）乳腺癌发生风险的影响。根据地理信息系统，包括研究对象居住地至镉源的距离、风向、污染持续时间、烟囱高度，对大气镉污染进行评定。通过条件逻辑回归校正其他因素的影响后，推算比值比和95%置信区间。 结果发现，空气传播镉污染累积剂量与所有乳腺癌、绝经前乳腺癌、绝经后乳腺癌的发生风险之间无显著相关性。 不过，根据雌激素受体和孕激素受体状态，可见空气传播镉污染累积剂量与
因此，该研究结果表明，镉污染与乳腺癌发生风险之间缺乏相关性，但是可能与雌激素受体阴性和双激素受体阴性乳腺癌发生风险减少相关，这些观察结果以及与激素受体状态相关的其他可能影响有必要进一步研究。 相关阅读 Int J Cancer. 2019 Apr 1. [Epub ahead of print] Chronic long-term exposure to cadmium air pollution and breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort. Amadou A, Praud D, Coudon T, Danjou AM, Faure E, Leffondre K, Le Romancer M, Severi G, Salizzoni P, Mancini FR, Fervers B. Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France; Radiations: Defense, Sante, Lyon, France; Univ. Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon France; Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France; Universite Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. What's new? Cadmium is a common environmental contaminant that exerts estrogen-like activity in human cells. While this activity suggests that cadmium might influence breast cancer risk, the relationship between cadmium exposure and breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, the authors employed a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric to assess atmospheric cadmium exposure in women in France. No significant association was found between airborne cadmium and overall breast cancer risk. Risk varied, however, according to menopausal status and tumor hormone receptor status. Significant inverse associations were indicated for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers. Additional research is needed to assess cadmium exposure-associated cancer risks. Cadmium, due to its estrogen-like activity, has been suspected to increase the risk of breast cancer; however, epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a case-control study (4,059 cases and 4,059 matched controls) nested within the E3N French cohort study to estimate the risk of breast cancer associated with long-term exposure to airborne cadmium pollution, and its effect according to molecular subtype of breast cancer (estrogen receptor negative/positive [ER-/ER+] and progesterone receptor negative/positive [PR-/PR+]). Atmospheric exposure to cadmium was assessed using a Geographic Information System-based metric, which included subject's residence-to-cadmium source distance, wind direction, exposure duration and stack height. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Overall, there was no significant association between cumulative dose of airborne cadmium exposure and the risk of overall, premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. However, by ER and PR status, inverse associations were observed for ER- (ORQ5 vs. Q1=0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.95, p trend=0.043) and for ER-/PR- breast tumors (ORQ4 vs. Q1=0.62; 95% CI: 0.40-0.95, ORQ5 vs. Q1=0.68; 95% CI: 0.42-1.07, P trend=0.088). Our study provides no evidence of an association between exposure to cadmium and risk of breast cancer overall but suggests that cadmium might be related to a decreased risk of ER- and ER-/PR- breast tumors. These observations and other possible effects linked to hormone receptor status warrant further investigations. KEYWORDS: airborne cadmium; breast cancer risk; geographic information system; hormone receptor status PMID: 30851122 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32257
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