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 Coronavirus damages not only the lungs, but the kidneys, liver, heart, brain and nervous system, skin and gastrointestinal tract, doctors said Friday in a review of reports about Covid-19 patients. 周五，医生们在对Covid-19患者的报告进行回顾时说，冠状病毒不仅损害肺部，还损害肾脏、肝脏、心脏、大脑和神经系统、皮肤和胃肠道。 The team at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York City — one of the hospitals flooded with patients in the spring — went through their own experiences and collected reports from other medical teams around the world. 位于纽约市的哥伦比亚大学Irving医学中心的研究小组 — 一家在春天被病患吞没了的医院 — 回顾了他们自己的经历，并收集了来自世界各地其他医疗队的报告。 Their comprehensive picture shows the coronavirus attacks virtually every major system in the human body, directly damaging organs and causing the blood to clot, the heart to lose its healthy rhythm, the kidneys to shed blood and protein and the skin to erupt in rashes. It causes headaches, dizziness, muscle aches, stomach pain and other symptoms along with classic respiratory symptoms like coughing and fever. 他们的综合意见显示，冠状病毒几乎攻击人体的每一个主要系统，它们直接损害人体器官，导致血液凝结，心脏失去正常的节律，肾脏流出血液和蛋白质，皮肤出现皮疹，它会导致头痛、头晕、肌肉酸痛、胃痛和其他症状，以及咳嗽和发烧等典型的呼吸道症状。 "Physicians need to think of COVID-19 as a multisystem disease," said Dr. Aakriti Gupta, a cardiology fellow at Columbia who worked on the review, in a statement. "There's a lot of news about clotting but it's also important to understand that a substantial proportion of these patients suffer kidney, heart, and brain damage, and physicians need to treat those conditions along with the respiratory disease." “医生需要把COVID-19看作是一种多系统疾病，”哥伦比亚大学心脏病研究员、参与这项研究的Aakriti Gupta博士在一份声明中说“有很多关于凝血的报道，但也必须了解，这些患者中有很大一部分受到肾脏、心脏和大脑的损害，医生需要在治疗这些疾病的同时还要治疗呼吸系统疾病。” Much of the damage wrought by the virus appears to come because of its affinity for a receptor — a kind of molecular doorway into cells — called ACE2. Cells lining the blood vessels, in the kidneys, the liver ducts, the pancreas, in the intestinal tract and lining the respiratory tract all are covered with ACE2 receptors, which the virus can use to grapple and infect cells, the Columbia team wrote in their review, published in the journal Nature Medicine. 病毒造成的大部分损害似乎是因为它与一种叫做ACE2的受体（一种进入细胞的分子通道）的亲和力有关。哥伦比亚研究小组在发表在《自然医学》杂志上的评论中写道，血管、肾脏、肝导管、胰腺、肠道和呼吸道的细胞都覆盖着ACE2受体，病毒可以利用这些受体来抓取和感染细胞。 wrought：使发生了，造成了(尤指变化) receptor：受体 duct：管道 "These findings suggest that multiple-organ injury may occur at least in part due to direct viral tissue damage," the team wrote. 研究小组写道：“这些发现表明，多器官损伤的发生，至少部分是由于病毒组织的直接损伤。” Coronavirus infection also activates the immune system. Part of that response includes the production of inflammatory proteins called cytokines. This inflammation can damage cells and organs and the so-called cytokine storm is one of the causes of severe symptoms. 冠状病毒感染也会激活免疫系统。部分反应包括产生称为细胞因子的炎症蛋白。这种炎症会损害细胞和器官，而所谓的细胞因子风暴是导致严重症状的原因之一。 cytokine：细胞因子 "This virus is unusual and it's hard not to take a step back and not be impressed by how many manifestations it has on the human body," Dr. Mahesh Madhavan, another cardiology fellow who worked on the review, said in a statement, “这种病毒很不寻常，很难不后退一步，且不为它在人体上的表现所打动，”另一位参与这项研究的心脏病研究员Mahesh Madhavan博士在一份声明中说， Blood clotting effects appear to be caused by several different mechanisms: direct damage of the cells lining the blood vessels and interference with the various clotting mechanisms in the blood itself. Low blood oxygen caused by pneumonia can make the blood more likely to clot, the researchers said. 凝血效应似乎是由几种不同的机制引起的：血管壁细胞的直接损伤和血液自身各种凝血机制的干扰。研究人员说，肺炎引起的低血氧会使血液更容易凝结。 These clots can cause strokes and heart attacks or can lodge in the lungs or legs. They clog the kidneys and interfere with dialysis treatments needed for the sickest patients. 这些血块可以引起中风和心脏病发作，也可以滞留在肺部或腿部。它们会阻塞肾脏，并干扰最严重患者所需的透析治疗。 clog：阻塞，堵塞 dialysis：透析 Damage to the pancreas can worsen diabetes, and patients with diabetes have been shown to be at the highest risk of severe illness and death from coronavirus. 胰腺受损会使糖尿病恶化，糖尿病患者患重症和死于冠状病毒的风险最高。 The virus can directly damage the brain, but some of the neurological effects likely come from the treatment. "COVID-19 patients can be intubated for two to three weeks; a quarter require ventilators for 30 or more days," Gupta said. 这种病毒可以直接损害大脑，但一些神经系统的影响可能来自治疗。”COVID-19患者可以插管两到三周；四分之一的患者需要30天或更长时间的呼吸机。 intubated：插管 "These are very prolonged intubations, and patients need a lot of sedation. 'ICU delirium' was a well-known condition before COVID, and the hallucinations may be less an effect of the virus and more an effect of the prolonged sedation." “这是非常长时间的插管，病人需要大量的镇静剂。”重症监护室谵妄'在COVID之前是众所周知的，幻觉可能不是病毒的影响，而是长期镇静的结果。” hallucination：幻觉 The virus affects the immune system, depleting the T-cells the body usually deploys to fight off viral infections. "Lymphopenia, a marker of impaired cellular immunity, is a cardinal laboratory finding reported in 67-90% of patients with COVID-19," the researchers wrote. 病毒会影响免疫系统，耗尽人体通常用来抵御病毒感染的T细胞。”在67-90%的COVID-19患者中，淋巴细胞减少症是细胞免疫功能受损的标志，这是一个主要的实验室发现。 depleting：大量减少;耗尽;使枯竭 impaired：受损的;损坏的; Doctors need to treat all of these effects when coronavirus patients show up in the hospital, the Columbia team said. 哥伦比亚研究小组说，当冠状病毒患者出现在医院时，医生需要治疗所有这些症状。 There is some good news. 还有一些好消息。 "Gastrointestinal symptoms may be associated with a longer duration of illness but have not been associated with increased mortality," the researchers wrote. Many of the skin effects, such as rashes and purplish, swollen "Covid toes," also clear up on their own. 研究人员写道：“胃肠道症状可能与疾病持续时间较长有关，但与死亡率的增加无关。”许多皮肤影响，如皮疹和紫红色肿胀的“Covid脚趾”，也会自行消除。 purplish：带紫色的;发紫的  👇 |
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