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黄芩素：黄芩素抗肿瘤机制主要有凋亡诱导和细胞周期抑制两方面。黄芩素促凋亡机制包括线粒体凋亡通路的Caspase激活[Kuo H M, Tsai H C, Lin Y L, et al. Mitochondrial -dependent caspase activation pathway is involved in baicalein -induced apoptosis in human hepatoma J5 cells[J]. International Journal of Oncology, 2009, 35(4): 717 -724.]，通过调节ERK/p38 MAPK通路[Zhou Q-m, Wang S, Zhang H, et al. The combination of baicalin and baicalein enhances apoptosis via the ERK/p38 MAPK pathway in human breast cancer cells[J]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2009, 30(12): 1648 -1658.]、AKT/GSK3β通路[Zhang H B, Lu P, Guo Q Y, et al. Baicalein induces apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells through modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway[J]. Oncology Letters,2013,5(2):722-728.]以及NF-κB通路[Wu J Y, Tsai K W, Li Y Z, et al. Anti -Bladder-Tumor Effect of Baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Its Application In Vivo[J]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2013: 1-12.]诱导细胞凋亡，能够诱导凋亡促进基因BAX的上调和抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的下调[Pan T, Wang P, Leu Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on hepatic stellate cells through inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and activating ERK-dependent apoptosis via BAX and caspase pathway[J]. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012,139(3):829-837.]。细胞周期方面，导致CDK活性的下调和Cyclin E的积累进而使细胞阻滞在G1或S期[Ling Y, Chen Y, Chen P, et al. Baicalein potently suppresses angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor through the p53/Rb signaling pathway leading to G1/S cell cycle arrest[J]. Experimental Biology and Medicine,2011,236(7):851-858.]。
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