英语语法：20种提建议的方法

Hey, everyone. I'm Alex.

大家好。我是Alex。

Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on twenty ways to give advice in English.

感谢各位的收看，欢迎来到本次课程，主题是用英语提建议的二十种方法。

This lesson is intended for intermediate-level English learners, so some of the things I will review in this lesson, specifically the modals section, I will expect that you're already familiar with these words, okay? And their usages.

这次课是为英语中级学员准备的，所以我将在这一课中先复习一些内容，特别是语气的内容，我希望你们对这些词已经很熟悉了，并了解它们的用途。

If you're not familiar with the modals that I give you today, we have a lot of lessons on engVid that discuss: 'have to', 'had better', 'must', 'should', etc.

如果你还不熟悉情态动词，我今天就来告诉大家，在engVid上有很多这方面的课程，探讨有关“必须”、“最好”、“需要”、“应该”等等。

So, check out those lessons and become more familiar with modals.

请查看这些课程吧，以增加对情态动词用法的熟悉度。

However, I'm expecting that you are already familiar with them for this category.

但是，我希望你们已经对这类词汇很熟悉啦。

You noticed I said: 'category', because I have four cate-. . . four, four categories on the board, here.

请注意我用的词语：“种类”，因为我有四个……黑板上列举了四类。

So, we have modals, we have conditionals, we have formal verbs, and we have casual expressions.

有情态动词、条件动词、形式动词，还有非正式表达。

So, you are probably familiar with the modals, maybe the conditionals, and for sure you've seen, like: 'suggest', 'recommend', etc. , but this casual section is probably new for quite a few of you.

你可能对情态动词很熟悉了，或者是条件句，而且你肯定已经学过了“建议”、“推荐”等等这类词，但对很多人来说，非正式表达这部分可能是全新的内容。

But let's not get too far, and start from the beginning.

但不必一次性全部掌握，咱们从头一点点来。

So, first: Modals.

第一个：情态动词。

You have a wide variety to choose from when you're giving advice in English.

当你用英语提出建议时，你有各种各样的选择。

We'll start from the top: 'You have to. . .'

我们先说第一个：“你必须……”

So, if you are telling someone that they have to do something, this is an obligation.

如果你告诉某人，他们必须得这么做，这是一种义务。

Okay?

懂了吗？

They don't have a choice.

他们没得选。

So: 'I lost my passport.

可以这样说：“我把护照丢了。

Oh my goodness.

我的天啊。

What do I do?'

我该怎么办呢？”

You can say: 'Okay, you have to go to the passport office' or 'You have to get a new one.'

你可以说：“你只能去出入境管理局”或者“你只能办个新的了。”

Okay?

懂了吗？

This is my advice to you.

这是我给大家的建议。

It's your obligation to do this.

你有义务这么做。

'You had better. . .'

“你最好……”

Okay?

明白么？

So: 'Okay, I lost my passport.'

可以这样说：“好吧，我把护照弄丢了。”

'You'd better go to the passport office' or 'You'd better report that to the police', maybe if it was stolen by someone and you saw the person running.

“你最好去出入境管理局”或者“你最好报警”，可能被人偷了，你正好看到那个人跑了。

So: 'You'd better. . .' as a reminder, this means, you know, it's a strong advice, and there will be negative consequences if you don't follow this action.

这样说：用“你最好……”作为提醒，这表示一种强烈的建议，如果你不遵循这样的行为，将会带来负面的影响。

All right, so we have: 'You should. . .' and 'You ought to. . .'

好啦，还有这个：“你应该……”和“你应该……”

These are in the same family.

这是一类家族词汇。

Right?

能理解么？

So, these are, like, well, advice: 'I think it's a good idea for you to do this'.

有类似这样的建议：“我觉得你这么做是一个好办法”。

-'I always feel tired.'

“我总是感到疲惫。”

-'You should sleep more.'

“你该多睡会。”

-'I always feel tired.'

“我总是感到疲惫。”

-'Okay, well, you ought to eat better.'

“你的饮食需要改善了。”

Okay?

懂了吗？

Or: 'Tell me what you're eating.

或者说：“告诉我你都吃了些什么。

You ought to eat better.

你应该改善饮食。

You should eat better.'

你应该吃的好一点。”

When you are speaking: 'You ought to', you can also say: 'You oughta'.

当你说：“你应该”，还可以说成：“你应该”。

So, repeat after me: 'You oughta'.

请跟我读：“你应该”。

'You oughta sleep more.'

“你应该多睡会。”

Good.

非常棒。

All right?

懂了吗？

And then: 'You could. . .'

下一个：“你能……”

So, 'You could. . .' means: 'Well, this is an option.'

“你能……”表示：“这是一个选择。”

I'm not saying you should, I'm not saying you have to.

我没有用你应该，我也没有用你必须。

I'm saying: 'Hey. Have you considered this option?'

我用到：“嘿。你考虑过这个选项么？”

That's over there.

在黑板另外一边呢。

We'll talk about that later, too.

我们一会也会说道。

So: 'You could. . .' means, like, this is a possibility.

可以这样说：“你能……”表示这是一种可能性。

This is an option.

这是一个选项。

Like: -'Ah, I don't know what to get from the lunch menu.'

比如：“哎，我不知道午餐该吃点什么了。”

-'I don't know.

“我也不知道。

Like, what do you feel like?'

比如说，你喜欢什么呢？”

-'I don't know.

“我不知道。

Like something that has protein.'

吃点含蛋白质的东西吧。”

-'Okay, well, you could get the steak, or you could get a hamburger, or you could get something else with protein.'

“你可以吃牛排，或者吃汉堡包，或者吃点含蛋白质的东西。”

So you're giving them options.

你在给出选项。

You're advising them of what is possible.

你在告诉别人哪些是可能的事情。

Modals, we're okay?

情态词，懂了吧？

So many of you are like: 'Alex, I. . . I don't know what's going on.'

多数人会说：“Alex，我……我不知道该做点什么。”

Check out the other modal videos.

看看其它情态方面视频。

Next, let's go to conditionals.

接下来，讲讲条件句。

So, let's start with the most common, like advice conditional where you say: 'If I were you…'

让我们从最常见的建议开始，比如有条件的建议，你会说：“如果我是你……”

I am not you; that is impossible.

我不会成为你；这是不可能的。

Maybe in the future that's something that is possible, but for now it's not possible.

没准在未来有可能会实现，但现在来说是不可能的。

So, you're using the second conditional in most of these.

在这种情况下，你要使用第二条件语态。

So: 'If I were you, I'd'. . .

这样说：“如果我是你，我会……

'I'd' means 'I would'.

“我会”表示“我会”。

So, second conditional you always have the past form of a verb.

你要用动词过去式表达第二条件。

So, here you have: 'If I were you, I would do something.'

我们可以说：“如果我是你，我会这么做。”

It's like: -'Uh-oh. I think I lost my wallet.'

就像是说：“噢。我好像把钱包丢了。”

-'Well, if I were you, I would retrace your steps'.

“如果我是你，我会原路返回去找找。”

'To retrace your steps' means to go back and follow your steps; where you went before.

“追踪你的足迹”表示退回去走；从你来时的路走回去。

Right?

清楚么？

So: 'Retrace your steps. If I were you, I would retrace your steps.

可以这样说：“原路返回。如果我是你，我会原路返回去找找。

Where did you go before here?

你之前都去哪儿了？

Did you go in the living room?

去卧室了吗？

Did you go to the post office?

去邮局了？

I don't know where you went.'

我不知道你去过哪儿。”

Okay?

懂了吗？

All right.

好啦。

Another way to say: 'If I were you', very common: 'If I were in your shoes', right?

另一种方式表达：“如果我是你”，非常常见：“如果我是你的话”，对吧？

'If I were in your shoes, I would do something.'

“如果我处于你的位置，我就会做点什么。”

So, if your friend says: -'I want to get a new laptop, but I don't have enough money.'

如果你的朋友说：“我想买一个新笔记本，但我钱不够。”

-'Okay, well, if I were you, I would consider getting another job.'

“如果我是你，我会考虑再找一份工作。”

Or: 'I would maybe ask your Mom if she can help you, ask a family member'.

或者说：“要是我，可能会问妈妈，看她能不能帮上忙，或者问家人”。

Okay?

懂了吗？

Next: 'Listen, if you want my advice, I think. . .'

下一个：“听着，如果你希望我给出建议的话，我认为……”

So, obviously they want your advice.

很明显他们需要你的建议。

Sometimes they don't, but you can clarify by saying: 'Hey, if you want my advice, I think. . .'

有时他们并不需要，但你能澄清下，说：“嘿，如果你想我提点建议的话，我认为……”

So, this is the zero conditional.

这是无条件的。

Right?

懂了吗？

Like: '. . . you want my advice' - present, 'I think' - present, and give your thoughts on whatever the topic is.

比如：“……你希望我提建议”——一般现在时，“我认为”——一般现在时，无论主题是什么，给出你的想法就好。

Next: 'If you really want to know, I would. . .'

下一个：“如果你真想知道的话，我会……”

Okay?

明白么？

So, maybe your friend asks you: -'If you were me, what would you do?'

你朋友可能会问：“如果你是我，你会怎么做呢？”

-'What would I do?

“我会怎么做呢？

Well, if you really want to know, I would ask someone else because I give terrible advice.'

如果你真想知道的话，我可能会问别人，因为我给出的建议太糟了。”

Maybe this is you; I don't know.

这个人可能会是你；我不知道。

Next, this is another way to say: 'If I were in your shoes. . .'

下一个，另一种方式去表达：“如果我是你的话……”

You can just say: 'If I were in your position, I would. . .'

你只需要说：“如果我是你，我会……”

Okay?

懂了吗？

So, maybe the boss at, you know. . . at my job, he caught me stealing a stapler.

也许是老板在我工作时，发现我偷订书机。

Well, if I were in your position, I would update your resume.

如果我是你的话，我会更新下简历。

Okay?

懂了吧？

So if your boss catches you stealing from your job, you should probably look for a new job, unless your boss just gives you a warning or is nice, and says: 'Ah, that's fine.

如果你在工作时被老板发现在偷东西，你可能要另谋高就了，除非老板只是给你一个警告或者安慰，并说：“啊哈，没事。

We have 500 staplers.'

我们这有500个订书机呢。”

Maybe.

这只是一种可能。

I don't know.

我不确定。

Okay.

好啦。

Let's move on to the formal verbs.

再看一下形式动词。

So, we have formal verbs, like: 'suggest', 'recommend', 'urge', and 'advise', or in this situation: 'I would advise', which is a conditional phrase, really, but I put it here because it sounds more formal.

你有很多形式动词，比如：“建议”、“意见”、“敦促”和“建议”，或者在这种情景下：“我会建议”，这是有条件的短语，真的，但我把它放在这讲，因为它听上去显得更正式。

So: 'I suggest that you. . .' and, here, use a base verb.

这样说：“我建议你……”，在这个地方使用一个基础动词。

Okay?

懂了吗？

So: 'I suggest that you try again.', 'I recommend that you study hard.', 'I urge you to reconsider your position, or reconsider your offer, reconsider your answer.'

这样说：“我建议你再试试。”，“我建议你努力学习。”，“我敦促你重新考虑下自己的立场，或者重新考虑下你的提议，重新考虑下你的回答。”

Okay.

好啦。

-'I have a big test tomorrow, but it's also my third cousin's birthday party tonight.

“我明天有个重要的考试，但今晚也是我三表妹的生日聚会。

What should I do?'

我该怎么做呢？”

-'Well, I would advise you to skip your third cousin's birthday party because they won't even know you're not there, so it's okay.'

“嗯，我劝你不要参加你三表妹的生日聚会，因为他们甚至都不会注意到你去没去，所以没关系的。”

They're your third cousin.

她是你的三表妹。

Your first cousin, a little more important.

你的堂兄，更重要一点。

Third cousin, you should study.

都排到老三了。你应该去学习。

'I would advise you to study.'

“我会建议你去学习。”

One more thing before we continue: With 'suggest' and 'recommend', you can use this structure: 'I suggest that you. . .', 'I recommend that you. . .' plus a base verb; or if you just use 'suggest', if you just use 'recommend', you can follow them with a gerund.

在我们继续之前，还有一件事：使用“建议”和“推荐”，你可以使用以下的结构：“我建议你……”，“我建议你……”加上一个基础动词；或者，如果你只是用“建议”，如果你只是用“推荐”，你可以附上一个动名词。

So: 'I suggest working harder.', 'I recommend calling your mother.'

这样说：“我建议你更加努力的工作。”，“我建议给你妈妈打个电话。”

Okay?

懂了吗？

So make sure that you follow them with a gerund.

一定要在后面跟着一个动名词。

Okay?

懂了吧？

All right.

好啦。

Now, casual.

现在到了非正式表达式了。

Yeah.

没错。

This is the good stuff, right?

这个内容很不错，对吧？

So, casual advice.

很随意的建议。

-'Well, what would you do if you were me? Like, my mother just. . . my Mom kicked me out of my house.

“如果你是我你会怎么做？再比如，我妈妈刚……我妈刚给我撵出家门了。

I have no place to live.'

我没地方住了。”

-'Well, you're gonna wanna find a new place to live.'

“你得找个新住所了。”

So, here you see: 'gonna wanna' - 'You are going to want to'.

你会看到：“想要”—“你正想”。

Now, I know that sounds a little strange, but in giving advice in a casual, loose setting, this is a very common phrase.

我知道听上去有点奇怪，但在随意给出建议时，不用过于制式，这是一个很常见的短语。

Okay?

懂了吗？

'You're gonna wanna get a new job.', 'You're gonna wanna, you know, help your Mom.',

“你会想找一份新工作的。”，“你会想帮助你妈妈的。”

'You're gonna wanna' plus the base verb.

你会想要”加上一个基础动词。

Okay?

懂了吗？

Base verb, base verb, base verb here.

基础动词，基础动词，加上基础动词。

Okay.

好啦。

What about this one?

这又是什么呢？

'You might wanna consider. . .'

“你可能会考虑……”

Okay?

对吧？

So, if you have had no job for five months, for example, and your friend asks you: 'Have you been trying to get a new job?'

比如，如果你连续5个月都没有工作的话，朋友就会问你：“你试过去找一份新工作吗？”

It's like: -'Well, no. I'm just, you know, relaxing.

你可能会说：“没。我只想放松放松。

I'm developing my skills at home.'

我正在家里学习技能呢。”

-'Have you sent any resumes to companies?'

“你没给公司投简历吗？”

-'No, no, no. I'm not ready for that.'

“不不不。我还没准备好。”

-'Okay, but your rent is due soon.

“但你的房租快到期了。

You might wanna consider updating your resume.

你可以考虑更新一下自己的简历。

You might wanna consider looking for a new job.'

你可以考虑找一份新工作了。”

Okay?

懂了吗？

So, you might, maybe - this is polite; you're being nice.

你可能，也许—这是很礼貌的表达；很善意的。

You're saying: 'Have you thought about this?

你会说：“你想过这些吗？

You might want to think about this.'

你应该考虑一下了。”

All right?

对吧？

Let's go to 'should', so: 'You should probably consider. . .'

看一下“应该”，可以这样说：“你应该考虑一下……”

Softer advice than 'should', right?

比“需要”更温和一点的建议，对吧？

You are editing. . . Not editing.

你要构思……不是构思。

Modifying - that's the word.

是修饰，这样说更合适。

You're modifying 'should' with the adverb 'probably': 'You should probably consider. . .', 'You should maybe think about. . .'

你用副词“可能”来修饰“应该”：“你也许该考虑……”，“你也许应该想想……”

Okay?

对吧？

If you want to switch 'should' with 'ought to' in these situations, just make sure you put 'probably' before 'ought to', so: 'You probably ought to do something.', 'You maybe ought to do something.'

在这种情况下，如果你想把“应该”换成“敦促”的话，只要你把“可能”放在“敦促”之前，这样说：“你可能该做点什么了。”，“你也许应该做点什么。”

But if you use 'should', you have to put the adverb after.

但如果你用到“应该”，那你必须把副词放在后面。

That's a bonus.

这是扩展的内容哦。

Bonus to the 20.

二十种方法以外的扩展。

Now you have 22 ways to give advice in English.

现在你有22种用英语提建议的方法了。

'You should maybe think about. . .'

“你也许应该想想……”

And you have heard me use this already today, but: 'Have you thought about, I don't know, anything else?

你今天已经听到我使用这个表达式了，但是：“你有没有想过，我不知道的表达方式还有哪些？”

Have you thought about a different option?

你有没有想过不同的选项呢？

Have you thought about a different way to do this?'

你有没有想过另一种方式来表达呢？”

Okay?

懂了吗？

So you're asking them if they have considered an option.

你可以问其他人是否考虑过这个选项呢。

You can say: 'Hey. Have you considered doing something?'

你可以说：“嘿。你考虑过做点什么吗？”

Okay?

清楚了吗？

And here: 'think about', 'thought about', because you have a preposition, make sure you follow this with verb-'ing'; a gerund.

在这：用“想想”，“考虑下”，因为用到了介词，一定要在后面加上动词“ing”形式；动名词。

Right?

懂了吧？

'Hey. Have you thought about trying something different?'

“嘿。你有没有想过尝试一些不同的事情？”

or 'You should maybe think about eating less', for example, or 'eating less junk food'.

或者说“你也许应该考虑少吃点”，例如，或者说“少吃垃圾食品”。

All right, and finally. . . Huh.

好了，最后……哦。

'Well, listen, what you really ought to do' or 'What you ought to do is. . .'

“听着，你真正应该做的”或者“你应该做的是……”

This is, again, a more casual way to say: 'You ought to', 'I think you ought to'.

这又是一种更随便的说法：“你应该”，“我认为你应该”。

'What you really ought to do. . .', 'What you probably ought to do. . .', 'What you ought to do is. . .' blank base verb. Okay?

“你真正应该做的……”，“你可能应该要做的……”，“你应该做的是……”加上基础动词。好吗？

Whew. I think you got more than 20 things in this video, and that's not a bad thing.

呼。我想你在这段视频里已经学到了20多种方法，这不是个坏事。