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06、酒和茶 酒和茶能给人增加生活情趣，可是不懂生活艺术的人，就享受不到这种情趣。饮酒喝茶都要慢慢品尝，细细玩味，才能得到美妙的感受。能有几样可口的小菜，两三位谈得来的朋友，大家聚在一起小斟，那真是人生乐事。至于喝茶，就是没有朋友陪伴，也可以一人独享。如果有一杯新茶，一卷好书，坐在那儿慢慢地享受，可能比做皇帝还自在呢。 参考翻译： Liquor and tea add spice tolife, which cannot be appreciated without a knowledge of the art of life. Onehas to sip and savor both liquor and tea so as to appreciate their fascinatingpleasures. It is great pleasure in life to drink with two or three intimatefriends, while eating delicious food. As for tea, one can enjoy it alone,without the company of friends. It is more pleasurable than being an emperor toenjoy oneself in leisure with a cup of fresh tea and a good book. 07、种花赏花 种花和赏花是中国人日常的消遣。在诗人和画家的笔下，花儿更是多姿多彩。一年四季中，有许多种花儿先后开放。中国人最爱的花儿，有牡丹、荷花、菊花、梅花。春天是牡丹盛开的时节。夏天荷花盛开，它虽然从污泥中生长出来，却是纯洁芳香，很像高尚的君子。秋风吹起，树上的叶子落了，只有菊花不怕风霜，傲然开放。在冰天雪地的冬天，没有一点儿生气，梅花仍然在风雪中盛开。梅花最能代表中国人不屈不挠的精神。 参考翻译： Planting and admiring flowersare a daily-life recreation of Chinese people. Flowers are diversely beautifulin the works of poets and painters. Many kinds of flowers appear in successivebloom through the seasons. Some of the favorite flowers in China are peonies,lotuses, chrysanthemums and plum blossoms. Spring is the ideal time forpeonies. In summer, lotuses are in full bloom, pure and fragrant like noblegentlemen, though they emerge from the dirty mud. When the autumn wind blowsoff the leaves, the chrysanthemums blossom against wind and frost. In thelifeless winter world of ice and snow, plum blossoms are in full bloom againstwind and snow. The Chinese consider plum blossoms to be representative of theirown enduring spirit. 08、琴棋书画 中国人最懂得消遣，中国从前的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏，意味着作者人格的高低，所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画，都代表着一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是随着美妙的琴声，进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性和使人眼光远大。写字不仅是把字写漂亮，同时也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是借着画面上的简单线条，表现自己的想象的世界。 参考翻译： Chinese people have the bestidea about recreation. Scholars of ancient times enjoyed themselves throughmusic, chess, calligraphy and painting in their leisure time. In the eyes ofthe Chinese people, the quality of the artifacts is a reflection of the characterof the creator. Thus, playing musical instruments, playing chess, writingcalligraphy or painting show one's culture. By playing music, one does not aimto be a musician but to enter a broader world, purifying one's soul in thebeautiful music. By playing chess, one does not aim to be the winner but tocultivate patience and foresight. By calligraphy, one aims not only to writebeautifully but also to improve his mind. Through painting, one expresses animaginary world with simple lines. 09、中国菜系 中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。 参考翻译： China is a time-honoredmulti-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and everyethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shapeafter long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment,climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The mostinfluential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight MajorCuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines”in China are characterized bydiversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points. 10、指南针 中国是世界上公认发明指南针的国家。早在2400多年前，中国人就创造出世界上最早的指南针。后来经过不断改进，到宋朝(the Song Dynasty)人们制造出铁针指南针并应用于航海。中国是第一个在海船上使用指南针的国家。指南针为明代(the Ming Dynasty)郑和下西洋提供了条件。后来指南针传入欧洲，推动了欧洲航海事业的发展为，哥伦布(Columbus)的航行提供了技术保证。 参考翻译： China is universallyrecognized as the country having invented the compass. As early as 2,400 yearsago, Chinese people created the earliest compass in the world. Later it wasfurther improved continuously. During the Song Dynasty, people produced the compasswith iron needles and applied it in navigation. China is the first countryusing the compass on seagoing ships. The compass provided aid for Zheng He'svoyages to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty. Later the compass spread intoEurope, promoting the development of the European marineindustry and guaranteeing technical support for Columbus' navigation |
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