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国庆不打烊||TE||Joining the high revvers

 一天一篇TE 2020-12-08

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导读

劳斯莱斯的制作过程

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听力|精读|翻译|词组

Joining the high revvers

不知道怎么翻好,请大家留言赐题

英文部分选自经济学人Business版块

Joining the high revvers

Makers of very expensive vehicles strive to be seen as luxury-goods firms, not carmakers

豪华汽车制造商力求被视为奢侈品公司,而非(普通/常规)汽车制造商

SUGGEST to Torsten Müller-Ötvös, the boss of Rolls-Royce, that he runs a carmaker and with a shake of the head, he explains that he is in the luxury-goods business. You are not buying a car but “commissioning a work of art…building a dream”. Whether swathed in leather from pampered cows or stuffed with racing-car technology, ultra-expensive cars are made by firms that have little in common with the rest of the industry. Ferrari, a maker of sleek Italian sports cars (whose chairman, John Elkann, sits on the board of The Economist’s parent company), saw its valuation soar after it was spun off from Fiat Chrysler in 2016. The investors who own Aston Martin, bought from Ford in 2007 for £500m ($1bn), hope to reap similar rewards. An initial public offering in the next few weeks is expected to value the firm at around £4bn-5bn.

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劳斯莱斯的老板托斯顿·穆勒·乌特弗斯(TorstenMüller-Ötvös),摇头否认自己是一家汽车制造商,他解释称自己从事的是奢侈品行业。 你买的不是一辆车,而是一件委托我们创造的艺术品......打造的一个梦想”。 无论是精心护理的牛做成的座椅还是处处可见的赛车制造技术,超豪华汽车制造商与行业中其他(汽车)制造商几乎没有什么共同点。 时尚意大利跑车制造商法拉利(其主席约翰·艾尔肯(John Elkann),也是《经济学人》母公司的董事会成员),于2016年从菲亚特克莱斯勒分拆后,见证其估值一路飙升。那些2007年以5亿英镑(10亿美元)从福特手中买入阿斯顿马丁的投资者,也希望获得类似的回报。 未来几周后阿斯顿马丁会进行首次公开募股,预计到时公司估值约为40亿至50亿英镑。


注:

pampered cows:精心护理的牛,说到这个,小编想到的是日本和牛,传说中会对那些饮食过量的牛应每日施以按摩,并播放莫扎特的鸣奏曲以助其睡眠,还要定量提供啤酒供其享用。具体日本和牛为什么那么贵,可以看下知乎无二之旅的回答,链接如下

https://www.zhihu.com/question/35253222/answer/267203061

The numbers alone show how scant a resemblance such firms bear to mass-market auto manufacturers. Six firms dominate the ultra-luxury sector, where prices start at around $200,000: Ferrari, Aston Martin, Rolls-Royce (owned by BMW), Bentley and Lamborghini (both divisions of the Volkswagen group), and McLaren. Along with a few tiny specialists, such as Italy’s Pagani and Sweden’s Koenigsegg, which make track-inspired hypercars (whose prices start at $1.4m), these firms sold 29,600 cars in 2017, compared with sales of 86m by regular carmakers, according to JATO Dynamics, a research firm. As with superyachts, fine watches and the like, sales of high-end cars have boomed along with the numbers of the global rich. Annual growth looks set to stay at around the 10% mark for the next few years, compared with 2-3% for the car industry as a whole.

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这些数字足以表明这些车企与面向大众市场的汽车制造商少有相似之处。 六家车企在超豪华汽车领域占据主导地位,其产品起步价格约为20万美元,分别为:法拉利、阿斯顿马丁、劳斯莱斯(宝马旗下)、宾利和兰博基尼(两者均为大众汽车集团的部门)、迈凯伦。 JATO Dynamics(一家汽车资讯业务供应商)称,诸如意大利的帕加尼和瑞典的科尼赛克之类的几家小型专业跑车制造商,打造“专注于赛道”的顶级超跑,售价从140万美元起。上述六家车企连同这几家小型超跑公司在2017年总共售出了29,600辆跑车,而普通汽车制造商则卖出了8600万辆。与超级游艇,名表之类的奢侈品一样,高端汽车的销量也随着全球富豪数量的增加而激增。未来几年,高端汽车的年增长率将保持在10%左右,而汽车行业的整体增长率仅为2-3%。

注:

1. JATO Dynamics : JATO Dynamics, 全球领先的汽车产业信息及咨询服务供应商。公司成立于1984年,位于英国伦敦。历经31年的发展,JATO的业务范围已覆盖到全球45个国家及地区。客户包括汽车生产商、汽车进口商、汽车金融公司和汽车租赁公司等。  选自

https://www.lagou.com/gongsi/81405.html

2. Sweden’s Koenigsegg科尼赛格汽车公司(Koenigsegg Automotive AB)是一家成立于1994年的瑞典小型手工打造。超级跑车制造厂,是由现任的执行总裁克里斯·冯·科尼赛格(Christian von Koenigsegg)发起创立,以制造出全世界最快汽车为主要宗旨。摘自360百科

3. bear a resemblance:有相似之处

to have a degree of similarity to someone or something 

4. 帕加尼,科尼赛格,布加迪这三个品牌对比下:帕加尼造的车不太追求直线加速、极速 追求操控、追求驾驶乐趣 操控、驾驶乐趣不错,可直线上是软肋;柯尼赛格追求直线加速,但弯道是软肋,上了赛道就不行了 ,布加迪注重舒适性、路面通过性、稳定性,而且直线加速、和极速都很快,毕竟布加迪背后是大众支持

Luxury cars are sold for entertainment, not transport, says one executive. Instead of striving to sell as many cars as possible, production is often limited in order to maintain exclusivity. In 2013 Ferrari even elected to cut volumes slightly, from around 7,400 to 7,000 a year. According to Enzo Ferrari, the firm’s founder, the ideal is to make one fewer car than the market wants. This means long waiting-lists and vehicles that sell at the advertised price instead of with the discounts common in the mass market.

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一位高管表示,豪华车不是用来开的,而是用来”玩“的。 不为一心追求汽车销量,而是往往限定产量,确保其与众不同的特点。2013年,法拉利甚至选择小幅减产,从每年约7,400辆减产至7,000辆。该公司创始人恩佐▪法拉利称,法拉利的理想产量是比市场需求的数量少一辆。这意味着豪华车市场不会出现大众汽车市场常见的折扣促销手段,取而代之的是漫长的等待以及居高不下的售价。

The relationship with buyers is also unlike the “sell and forget” model of other carmakers. Many customers are collectors, each with a garage-full of fast cars. They are often invited to watch their cars being made. McLaren’s factory includes a purpose-built viewing gallery. No ordinary carmakers offer the same range of custom-made accessories, nor do they invite buyers to the factory to select them in person. At Rolls-Royce’s in-house “atelier” customers can fondle a range of rare woods and other fine materials before making a choice. Bentley offers a Breitling Mulliner Tourbillon clock that costs almost as much as the car it adorns. It is all rather like being measured for a Savile Row suit, says Andy Palmer, the boss of Aston Martin.

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买家与豪华车制造商之间的关系,也不同于其他汽车制造商“即卖即忘”的模式。很多顾客都是豪车收藏家,每一位都有满车库的跑车。这些顾客经常受邀观看他们车子的制造过程。迈凯伦的工厂为此专门建造了一座参观走廊。没有哪一家普通汽车制造商能够提供这样一系列的客定配件,也不会邀请买家到工厂来亲自挑选配件。在劳斯莱斯的内部“工作室”,客户在做出决定之前可以抚摸一系列的稀有木材和其他精致材料。宾利提供一款百年灵制造的穆莱纳陀飞轮钟表作为车饰,这款表的价值几乎与它装饰的宾利车相当。阿斯顿马丁的老板安迪·帕默说:这就如同在萨维尔街(裁缝街:世界最顶级西服手工缝制圣地)量身定做一套西服。

For the chosen few, ownership buys entry to an even more exclusive club. Spend on several regular models and you might be invited to put your name down for a limited-edition hypercar, such as the upcoming McLaren Speedtail—only 106 of these beasts will be made and each will probably be capable of hitting 250mph. Such fire-breathing road-rockets are constructed at a cost of $2m or more. They are massively profitable and usually in such demand that they can be resold immediately for a big return. To ensure that these cars remain the property of the tech billionaires, Hollywood A-listers and sheikhs who are lucky enough to be chosen to buy one, their manufacturers operate blacklists barring anyone who has previously flipped a vehicle. Other perks include invitations to “track days” where outrageous performance can be properly tested, and the carmakers can find out what their customers want next.

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对这些被选中的少数人而言,豪华车只是他们进入更具排他性俱乐部的门票。顾客购买几辆常规款型后,也许就能受邀把名字刻在限量版超级跑车上,譬如即将上市的迈凯伦Speedtail系列-仅制造106辆且每辆时速可高达250英(1英里=1.6093公里)。这款喷火的公路火箭的制造成本高达200多万美元。这些跑车利润优厚,通常需流量很大,可以立即转售,并得到丰厚回报(此处小编想到了贾乃亮的拉法,大家可以自行google)。为了确保这些车仍然是(有幸被选中购买的)科技富豪、好莱坞一线明星以及中东贵族的财产,制造商制定黑名单以防此前有翻车黑历史的人购买。其他福利还包括邀请参加“赛道日”,既可以较好测试车辆极限性能,同时也能发现顾客接下来想要的是什么。

But however much these firms disown the label of carmakers, only Ferrari’s margins, at over 30%, are known to put them in the same bracket as luxury-goods firms (for comparison, Germany’s premium carmakers notch up margins of around 10% in a good year). That is partly because Ferrari has been unusually successful at mastering the trick of the “diffusion line”. Just as Chanel makes a few thousand $2,000 handbags but coins it selling lipstick to the masses, Ferrari also sells cheaper branded goods such as watches and clothes, even down to a $50 baseball cap.

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但是无论这些车企多么排斥汽车制造商的标签,只有法拉利的利润率超过30%,与奢侈品公司有着同等盈利能力(相比而言,德国的顶级汽车制造商仅在销售较好的年份才创下约10%的盈利率)。其中原因,部分归于法拉利在娴熟运用“副线品牌”这一技巧上大获成功。就像香奈儿生产少量2000美金的手提包,但是通过大量销售口红达到利润最大化;法拉利也同样从销售更便宜的副线产品中获得丰厚利润,手表、衣服,甚至50美金的棒球帽之类的产品。

注:

Track days : 一种有组织的赛事,车主可在专业赛道内体验速度与激情。且有专业机器追踪和测试成绩。链接如下

 https://en./wiki/Track_day

The difficulty of attaining couturier-like margins also stems from the fact that these businesses retain some trappings of the everyday carmaker. A clothing firm needs to worry about changing hemlines; it does not have to bother with emissions regulations. Capital spending is much higher for an ultraluxury carmaker than for a handbag designer. And though most have coped with the growing taste for SUVs, for Ferrari, whose brand is based on hard-core sports models, its plans to make a beefier car, like Bentley’s Bentayga or the Lamborghini Urus, may prove difficult.

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这些车企保留了普通汽车制造商的一些特征,以至于对他们来说,很难获得类似女装设计师款产品那么高的利润率。让服装公司焦灼的往往是裙摆的千变万化,而不是尾气排放法规。对于超豪华汽车制造商来说,资本支出要比手袋设计师的费用高得多。尽管大多数车企都在迎合不断增长的SUV市场需求,但对于法拉利而言,它的品牌核心是运动款型,所以它计划生产一款像宾利添越(Bentayga)或是兰博基尼旗下Urus一样结实强劲的SUV可能会很困难。

Selling cars built for driving pleasure should confer some immunity from industry-wide upheavals like the advent of car-sharing or autonomous vehicles, at least for the time being. A bigger problem, especially for sports-car firms, is the trend to electrification. Hybrid engines can make fast cars faster, but they would also silence those throaty exhaust notes that shout “Look at me”.

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目前,共享汽车与自动驾驶汽车的崛起使得汽车行业发生了巨变,以驾驶乐趣为宣传点来销售汽车才能稍微在这波浪潮中站稳脚跟。而另一个更大的问题是电动化趋势,特别是对跑车制造商而言。混合动力引擎可以让车跑得更快,不过那种喊着“老子最牛”的震耳欲聋的排气声也就不复存在了。

Couture or clunker

时尚还是老朽?

Aston Martin’s IPO will provide further clues to which category ultra-expensive carmakers really belong. It is planning a new SUV and electric saloon, as well as branching out into other areas such as boats and property. A successful debut might tempt others to do the same. McLaren once considered a flotation and may do so again. VW has bundled Bentley and Lamborghini into a “super-premium” group with Bugatti and Porsche that could potentially stand alone in future. If a series of such brands tap the markets, that would provide a clearer answer to the question of whether luxury cars have more in common with LVMH and Hermès than with Ford and Toyota.

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阿斯顿马丁的IPO将为超豪华汽车制造商真正属于哪个类别(奢饰品公司还是车企)提供进一步的线索。该公司正计划推出一款新的SUV和电动轿车,并进军游艇和房地产等其他领域。成功的初次亮相可能会诱使其他企业紧跟效仿。迈凯伦曾经考虑过上市,也极有可能会再次这样做。大众已经将宾利和兰博基尼捆绑在一起,连同布加迪和保时捷一起组建“超高端”汽车制造公司,未来有可能会独立出来。如果一系列这样的品牌进入市场,我们就会得到一个清晰的答案:与福特和丰田这些常规车企相比,豪华车是否更像路易威登LVMH以及爱马仕Hermès 这些奢侈品?

翻译组:

Lili, 女,互联网民工, 榴莲爱好者

Louise,女,会计民工,经济学人爱好者

Vambie,女,互联网民工,经济学人粉丝

校核组:

Forest,女,自由职业,经济学人爱好者

Li Xia,女,爱爬山的健身小白, 美食狂人


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观点|评论|思考

本次观点由VeRy独家奉献

VeRy,男,电气民工,经济学人资浅爱好者

从貌似车厂的制造商转型为所谓的奢侈品,概念上的转变归根结底还是利润驱动,这使我想到了最近很火的所谓服务和生活方式的提供商-蔚来。无论是前段时间的新疆之旅还是昨天的黑屏和新手开车会导致电量消耗过快的种种负面消息,总而言之就是有太多的不是之处,有人问为什么最近才会报道出种种问题呢,之前为什么没有,是不是在故意抹黑,其实答案很简单,以前都是PPT造车,现在真的车开始卖了,所以问题也就随之而来了。

死机黑屏的那位车主大概是服务最周到了,不仅有XC90代步,还有几个工作人员到现场进行服务,我猜可能车卖的数量不多吧,否则XC90的备货数都大概够沃尔沃吃好几年的了。但是车的服务毕竟都不可能如此夸张,销量上去后你的服务如何跟上,既然卖的是生活品质,我觉得首先得让车得品质达到最起码的要求,否则再吹得天花乱坠也是白费心思(当然这是从消费者角度考虑,可能从股东投资者角度考虑最大的可能性就是上市套现一波走人,但总不好意思明说,毕竟美国股市的监管比较严格)。

我是从来都不相信蔚来作为车而言是优秀的,应该说最多也就及格,原因同样简单,看看其代工的企业就知道了,江淮汽车行业内的上限是什么,那他顶多就如此了,身边有很多质量过硬性能过硬的江淮车么?所以答案显而易见。所以蔚来的工作重心放在了宣传生活品质啥的上面我觉得方向是很正确的,毕竟50万的车光靠堆料也堆不出可靠性和稳定性来的,否则奔驰宝马的脸往哪里搁呀。

本质上蔚来和拼多多是一样的,都是拼命吹大自己,然后上市圈一波钱,ABCD轮的大佬们把钱分一下就可以各回各家了,从来没想过要把企业做长远,做好。这和国内部分企业家甚至老百姓的心态是一样的,也能理解,社会都是浮躁的凭什么要求人家能静下心来做事呢?不过我估摸着美国股民的韭菜不是那么好割的。如果到时候闹翻恰好赶上鹰兔也撕破脸的时候就好了,正大光明把帐赖了。

有人问什么时候社会的浮躁心态能够消失,我说等社会重拾诗歌,倡导人文,包涵各种意识形态,不做梦之时,就是社会开出虚怀若谷,宁静致远之际。

4


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