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2018-2020近三年高考真题“熟词生义”专练(附高频20词)

 SHARE IT 2020-12-11
熟词生义是高考英语备考的知识点之一,也是出错率很高的题型之一,而想要在考试中不丢分,平时多积累,熟知这些词汇的用法是很有必要的。
下面高中英语研究中心为大家整理了20个常见的熟词生义,结合例子和用法为大家讲解,在加强记忆的同时,助力学生冲刺英语高考。

1. interest


熟义:“兴趣”和“使感兴趣”,作名词和动词用。
生义:“利息”“利益,好处”,作名词,作“利息”讲时,为不可数名词;作“利益,好处”讲时,多用复数形式。
例:What he did was just to protect his own interests.
他所做的一切仅仅是为了保护他自己的利益。

2. drive


熟义:“开车,驾驶”,作动词;“驱车旅行”作名词。
生义:“运动”“车道”,作名词;“驱使”“把……讲透彻,使充分理解” “把……赶跑”,作动词。
例1:The workers carried on a drive for greater efficiency last month.
上个月工人们为更高效开展了一项运动。
例2:I’m sure that I’ve driven my opinion.
我确信我已经把我的观点讲清楚了。
例3:Please drive the dog away.
请把狗赶走。

3. join

熟义:“加入,参加”作动词。
生义:“会合,联合”作动词;“连接处,结合”作名词。
例:The two pieces were stuck together so well that we could hardly see the join.
这两个部件连在一起了,我们几乎看不到连接处。

4.dream


熟义:“做梦,梦到”,作动词;“梦想,幻想”,作名词。
生义:“美丽或美好的人或事物”,作名词。
提示:当dream与go like a 搭配时,为固定短语go like a dream,意为“非常顺利,完美”。
例1:Her new dress is an absolute dream.
她的礼服太漂亮,太梦幻了。
例2:My sister’s wedding ceremony went like a dream.
我姐姐的婚礼非常完美。

5. know


熟义:“知道,了解”“认识”,作动词。
生义:“区分”“亲身经历”作动词。
例1:I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.
我希望我们已经教孩子明辨对错了。
例2:The old man has known both poverty and wealth.
这个老人亲身经历了贫穷和富有。

6. cost

熟义:“花费”,作动词;“价格,成本,费用”作名词。
生义:“估价,估计成本”, 作动词;“代价”作名词。
提示:
当意为“代价”时,固定短语为at all costs意为“无论如何,不惜任何代价”;at the cost of sth. 意为“以牺牲某事物为代价”。
例1:I must get the book at all costs.
无论如何我要获得这本书。
例2:Don't pray for money at the cost of dignity.
不要因为金钱而失去尊严。

7. deal

熟义:“处理”“对待”作动词,与with连用,组成deal with意为“对待”。
生义:“待遇”作名词,与in连用,组成deal in 意为 “经营”;与out连用,组成deal out意为“分发”,其中固定搭配:a good deal of意为“很多,大量”,后接不可数名词。
例1:Teachers should deal fairly with their pupils.
老师应该公平对待他的学生。
例2:She spent a good deal of money on new clothes.
她花费了很多钱买新衣服。
例3: The teacher dealt out the test papers to the students.
老师向学生分发试卷。

8. lead


熟义:“引导,领导”,作动词;“领导的,领先的,带领的”,作形容词。
生义:“通向,通往”“过某种生活”“导致”,作动词;“领先地位”“主角”,作名词。
例1:My grandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside.
我的祖母在乡村过着平静的生活。
例2:Her brother took the lead in the high jump.
他的哥哥在跳远中处于领先地位。
例3:In this new film, she is the lead.
在新电影里,她是主角。

9. full


熟义:“满的,充满的”,作形容词。
生义:“直接地,精确地”,充分地,彻底地”“全部地”,作副词。
例1:Use your abilities to the full.
充分地运用你的能力。
例2:He told me the story in full.
他把故事全部地告诉了我。

10. clean


熟义:“干净的,清洁的”,作形容词;“弄干净,清洁” 作动词。
生义:“彻底地,完全地,全部地”,作副词;“清洁过程,清扫”,作名词,其中,与up连用时,即clean up意为“清理掉,收拾干净”。与down搭配时,即clean sth. down,意为“擦洗干净”。
例1:I clean forgot about it.
我把它忘得一干二净。
例2:The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates.
服务员急忙把盘子的碎片清理干净。

11. hold

熟义:“举行;召集;主持”,作动词。
生义:“容纳”“保持”,作动词。
例:The plane holds about 200 passengers.
这架飞机可以容纳200名乘客。

12. light


熟义:“光,光线”,作名词;“轻的”, 作形容词。
生义:“火柴,打火机”,作名词;“轻松的,使人不疲劳的”,作形容词
“点燃”,作动词。
例1:May I borrow your light?
我可以借你的打火机吗?
例2:Since you’re not well, you’d better do some light housework.
鉴于你的身体不太好,你最好做一些轻松的家务。

13. home

熟义:“家”“产地”,作名词;“回家”“在家”,作副词。
生义:“家庭的”“主场的”和“国内的”,作形容词。
例1:The home team took the lead after 25 minutes.
家庭队在二十五分钟之后占领领先地位。
例2:It’s time for home news.
现在是国内新闻时间。

14. mean


熟义:“意思是,打算”,作动词。
生义:“吝啬的,小气的”,作形容词。
例:Mary has always been mean with money.
Mary 总是对钱很吝啬。

15. fall


熟义:“落下,下降”,作动词;“跌落,掉下,降落”, 作名词。
生义:“落空,未能实现,成为泡影”,作动词;其中,短语fall apart意为“破裂,破碎,散架”;fall back on意为“求助于,退到”;fall in love with sb. 意为“爱上某人”。
例:Our holiday plans fell through because of bad weather.
我们的暑假计划因为天气不好而泡汤了。
Please fall back on old friends in time of need.
有急事的时候,请求助于老朋友。

16. fail


熟义:“失败;不及格,没有通过考试”,作动词;“考试不及格”作名词。
生义:“忘记、忽视或未能做某事” “使失望, 辜负” ,作动词。其中,固定搭配:fail in意为“(健康状况)衰退”;without fail意为“肯定,一定,必定”。
例1:He never fails to write to his mother every week.
他从不忘记每周给他的妈妈写信。
例2: I’ll be there at two o’clock without fail.
我一定会在两点钟到那里。

17. low


熟义:“低的,矮的”,作形容词。
生义:“消沉的”,作形容词;“低价地,廉价地”,作副词。
例1:He bumped his head on the low beams.
他的头撞到了低矮的横梁上。
例2:The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.
商业成功最简单的秘诀是低价买入,高价卖出。

18. blind


熟义:“瞎的,盲人的”,作形容词。
生义:“窗帘,遮光物”,作名词;“使失明”,作动词。其中,固定搭配turn a blind eye to… 意为“对……熟视无睹”。
例1:She is blind in the left eye. 她的左眼是失明的。
例2:The blinds were drawn to protect the new furniture from the sun.这些帘子放下来以保护新的家具不受太阳照射。

19. film


熟义:“电影”,作名词。
生义:“胶卷,胶片”,作名词;“拍摄”,作动词。
例1:I put a new roll of film in my camera.
我在摄像机里放了一卷新的胶卷。
例2:It took them nearly a year to film this TV series.
他们花了近一年的时间来拍摄这部电视剧。

20. land


熟义:“陆地,大地”,作名词;“使着陆”,作动词。
生义:“农村,农业”,作名词;“使到达,把……送到某地”,作动词。
例1:The pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow.
飞行员在大雪中使飞机安全着陆。
例2:The car will land you there in twenty minutes.
汽车在二十分钟后把你送到那里。

2018-2020三年高考真题“熟词生义”专练

高考阅读以及完形等题型中经常会出现很多熟词生义的单词,这给同学们的答题带来了一定的困扰。

我们总结了近三年高考真题中出现的一些熟词生义,并采用写汉语释义的方式,供学生们练一练来提升词汇掌握的深度。

请写出句子中画线部分的汉语释义,并思考总结本词汇其他的含义和用法。

2020年

1. The language use is good and the main points are covered. (      )

2. Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills.(      )

3. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.(      )

4. Race walking does not pound the body as much as running does.(      )

5. People with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.(      )

6. I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks.(      )

7. Encourage readers to use the library. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.(      )

8. The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as

much as S50 million.(      )

9. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think“Maybe her child's not well.'(      )

10. A number of films have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.(      )

11. We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house.(      )

12. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of

thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.(      )

13. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.(      )

14. The whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins

everyone's day.(      )

15. People's attention wanders constantly.(      )

16. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.(      )

17. Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.(      )

18. Suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea!'(      )

19. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.(      )

20. I find that some of you are good at making use of color, mapping web and symbols such as arrows, circles and boxes.(      )

21. To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage,with you, the reader, in the audience.(      )

22. Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.(      )

23. I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.(      )

24. I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer

pictures and longer chapters.(      )

25. Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles.(    )

2019年

26. Chris trips on the“-ld,' a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.(      )

27. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard

friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are

employed ever after in life and work.(      )

28. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.(      )

29. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.(      )

30. ... how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.(      )

31. When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.(      )

32. Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties.(      )

33. The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50

percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests ...(      )

34. John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.(      )

35. On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother,“How will I make friends?”(      )

36. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.(      )

2018年

37. He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and

succeed.(      )

38. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family.(      )

39. Good Morning Britain’s  Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning.(      )

40. The post has since gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.(      )

41. Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.(      )

42. Devices were grouped by generation.(      )

43. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.(      )

44. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.(      )

45. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.(      )

46. He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.(      )

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