系统评价/Meta分析指全面收集所有相关研究并逐个进行严格评价和分析，再用定性或定量合成的方法对资料进行处理得出综合结论的研究方法。在指导学员的过程中发现初学者在学习过程中常常会碰到许多共性问题，本公众号特此开设专栏解答，希望能够和大家共同学习交流Meta分析，共同成长，如有不当之处，还请大家批评指正。本期我们将着重介绍Meta分析的注册流程。 对于第一次使用PROSPERO的用户，需要完成账号注册，进入https://www.crd./prospero/，点击右上方的Join，完成姓名、通讯地址、邮箱、密码、手机号码、单位机构、国家、身份信息、系统评价的方向、个人的研究方向等，这部分内容比较简单，我们不再详述,但是填写时务必认真对待，因为这些信息将作为注册时你的个人信息记录在研究计划中。在Meta分析步骤前，个人需要确定Meta分析是否符合注册要求（一般来说在数据提取之前），研究计划接近最终状态不会有较大的修改，团队其他成员没有重复注册以及该注册题目与数据库现有项目不重复(可通过search功能查找关键词检索），满足这些条件后再去选择注册动物的系统评价还是人体试验的系统评价，通常我们人体临床试验进行注册。在选择后通常我们需要回答几个问题才能进行下一个步骤，这几个问题任意回答错误都可能造成注册步骤无法继续，因此大家需要认真填写(即使选择错误也有机会可以更改）。尤其需要注意的是在最后的Stage of review，目前信息提取前都可以进行注册，因此前三项的选择对于注册没有影响，但Data extraction必须选择Not started，否则无法完成注册，同时由于偏倚风险评估和数据分析是在信息提取之后进行的，从时间逻辑上来讲也必须选择Not started，即使你选择其他项也会进入注册流程，但是不符合规范的有可能会被退回。虽然网站支持在线填写，但是强烈建议大家在注册前在Word中将所需项目均填写完成再复制到网站进行注册，这也是Have you written a protocol?选择是和否都可以的原因。填写完成后点击register your review即可进入注册页面填写研究计划，主要信息如下（我们将结合PRISMA报告标准进行实例解读，其中*代表必填项）：1. Review Title(*): 以PICOS构建题目，同时结合PRISMA报告标准，需表明meta-analysis/systematic review等信息 1. A systematic review and meta-analysis of rehabilitation in patients with sepsis（体现PI)- A network meta-analysis of interventions to control myopia progression in children（体现PO)
- Minocycline in depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials（体现PIS）
2. Original language title: 原始题目，若系统评价不是计划用英文撰写，应在此项目下用撰写系统评价的语言填写题目3. Anticipated or actual start date(*) 预期/实际开始时间4. Anticipated completion date (*) 预期完成时间5. Stage of review at time of this submission (*) 注册时该研究完成的进度（主要就是我们刚刚进行的选择，不能进行更改，因此在选择时切记选择数据提取之前6. Named contact (*) 通讯作者姓名7. Named contact E-mail(*) 通讯邮箱8. Named contact address 联系地址9. Named contact number 联系电话10. Organizational affiliation of the review(*) 系统评价开展的单位其中6-10项为账号注册时的信息，若实际情况不是通讯作者的邮箱进行注册的，则可以在这一步进行修正 11. Review team members and their organizational affiliations(*) 评价小组成员和各自的单位12. Funding sources/Sponsors(*) 资助来源13. Conflicts of interests(*) 有无利益冲突15. Review question(*) 系统评价拟解决的问题，限制250词。通常表明该研究的目的，可以是以问句或者陈述句的形式，例如- 干预性meta分析：The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive minocycline for depressive symptoms regardless of the main psychiatric condition.
- Whether could IgA nephropathy patients benefit from omega-3 fatty acids treatment? How do the kidney function and daily proteinuria of IgA nephropathy patients change after taking omega-3 fatty acids comparing with placebos?
- 率的meta分析：What is the prevalence of neuropathic pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis?
也可以自问自答：What are the effects of the various optical, pharmacological and lifestyle interventions in preventing myopia progression in children? We aim to generate a clinically useful summary of the interventions based on their efficacy. 16. Searches(*) 说明检索方式和检索数据库，说明检索日期和检索限制这部分内容中不需要给出完善的检索策略(可作为附件上传），主要描述检索的方式以及检索词的关键词，例如：- We will search, with no time restrictions, the following databases for relevant English language literature: PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Web of Science.The search string will be built as follows: 可替换(Osteoarthritis OR OA) AND (pain) AND (neuropathic OR nociceptive OR central sensitization OR DN4 OR painDETECT OR S-LANSS OR quantitative sensory testing). The electronic database search will be supplemented by a manual search of the reference lists of included articles.
- We will search articles in three electronic database including PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. All the English publications until 30 April 2018 will be searched without any restriction of countries or article type. Reference list of all selected articles will independently screened to identify additional studies left out in the initial search.
虽然有注册成功的记录直接给出了完整的检索策略，但我们这里不推荐这样做，因为指引已明确指出：Do NOT enter the full search strategy (it may be provided as a link or attachment.) 17. URL to search strategy 给出检索策略细节的网址，或者你的检索方式的链接可上传完整检索策略的PDF文档，上传后则默认可以公开访问，整理的格式以不#1、#2、#3的形式，具体可以参加课程。 18. Condition or domain being studied(*) 对研究的疾病，健康结局或卫生领域进行简要说明,限200字 相当于是论文背景部分的简化版，一般包括疾病的概述以及流行病学数据、干预措施的研究现状与不足等信息- Supracondylar humeral fracture(SCHF) is the extremely common pediatric fracture in children younger than 15 years, accounting for approximately 75% of all pediatric elbow injuries. It has been suggested that 96% of all SCHFs are extension-type injuries that occur during falls onto the outstretched hand, whereas between 1% and 2% occur through falls onto the olecranon with the elbow flexed. Supracondylar fractures, most commonly, are classified according to Gartland ’s criteria: types I (nondisplaced and stable), type II (hinged fractures with the posterior cortex intact), and type III (completely displaced).
- Depression in adults, and its treatment using cognitive remediation therapy.Cognitive remediation therapy is the general term for a kind of psychotherapy which focuses on correcting and changing patients' adaptations to benign cognition. Its main goal is the remediation of bad cognition, but the patient's emotions and the behavior can also be changed.
19. Participants/population(*) 给出明确的系统评价的研究对象的纳入和排除标准主要描述P，如Adults with depression (as diagnosed by a clinician, or using any recognized diagnostic criteria) will be included. 但在这里需要指出的是排除标准一定是在纳入标准的范围里面再进行排除，不能出现下述表达如纳入小于18岁，排除18岁以上(即使注册成功也错误多多，主要原因是没有规范的掌握方法学） 20. Interventions /exposure(*) 给出清晰的系统评价中的干预和暴露的定义这一部分主要描述I，可简单也可复杂，但是尽量能够贴近成稿论文Physical exercise was the main intervention (e.g. aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and multicomponent exercise program). 21. Comparators/control(*) 详细说明将与审查的主题进行比较的备选方案（如一项干预或非暴露对照组）。22. Types of study to be included (*) 纳入的研究类型一般情况下我们纳入随机对照试验，则可以表述为Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be included.这一部分也可以对发表时间、语言类型等做限制如Randomized clinical trials will be included irrespective of blinding, publication status or language.，但不建议对P或者I做更多的描述 23. Context 对有助于纳入和排除标准的特征信息进行阐述，可不填24. Main outcomes(*) 系统评价的主要结局简略写一下名称，如overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).或者某个量表的变化如mean change in WOMAC pain，需要结合自己的研究进行判断 Measures of effect(*) 结局指标的效应量描述结局指标的效应量，如二分类变量选择RR/OR, 连续性变量选择SMD/MD， 生存分析资料选HR 25. Additional outcomes(*) 研究相关的其他结果与主要结局指标方法相同，主要填写系统评价的次要结局指标 26. Data extraction (*) 筛选研究和纳入研究的数据资料的提取一般有模版，先表示两人独立提取，第三人解决分歧如Two authors will independently extract data. Any disagreement will be resolved by discussion until consensus is reached or by consulting a third author.同时最好加上需要提取哪些信息，如The following data will be extracted: author, year of publication, country where the study was conducted, study period, original inclusion criteria, total number of people included in the study, doses of progesterone and time of application, and mean cervical length. 27. Risk of bias(quality) assessment (*) 对系统评价可能存在的偏倚风险进行评估
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