 Classic movie lines 经典电影台词 人们去电影院通常是因为时间 为了失去或错过的时光 为了不曾拥有的时光 ——塔可夫斯基  你点击原文，就分你小鱼干 Male mice that work out spawn healthier offspring than their lethargic counterparts, according to a new study. 一项新的研究表明，与那些无精打采的雄性老鼠相比，锻炼的雄性老鼠的后代更健康。  Whether the results hold true for humans remains uncertain, but they support the notion that some of the benefits of exercise are somehow passed on to the next generation. 这一结果是否适用于人类尚不确定，但它们支持了这样一种观点，即锻炼的某些益处会以某种方式传递给下一代。 “The science is solid, and it’s pretty exciting,” says epigeneticist Sarah Kimmins of McGill University in Montreal, Canada, who wasn’t connected to the work. 加拿大蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的表观遗传学家莎拉.基明斯并没有参与这项工作，她说:“科学是可靠的，这非常令人兴奋。”  Scientists already know that a parent’s bad exercise or dietary habits can affect their offspring. 科学家已经知道父母的不良运动或饮食习惯会影响他们的后代。 Mothers who are obese during pregnancy, for example, give birth to children who are more likely to be obese as adults and develop metabolic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease. 例如，怀孕期间肥胖的母亲生下的孩子长大后更有可能肥胖，并出现心血管疾病等代谢性疾病。 Another study found that male rats that snarfed high-fat chow fathered offspring that didn’t respond normally to glucose, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. 另一项研究发现，对高脂肪食物大量进食的雄性老鼠，其后代对葡萄糖的反应并不正常，而这是2型糖尿病的标志。  To determine whether the opposite is true, molecular exercise physiologist Kristin Stanford of The Ohio State University College of Medicine in Columbus and colleagues fed male mice a fat-rich diet for 3 weeks. 为了确定这个事实反过来之后是否也成立，哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学医学院的分子运动生理学家克里斯汀.斯坦福和他的同事们给雄性老鼠喂食了3周富含脂肪的食物。 One group of animals had access to running wheels, scampering nearly 6 kilometers per night on average, but the rest were couch potatoes. 有一组动物可以使用跑步轮，平均每晚奔跑近6公里，但其余的都是葛优瘫一族。 After dissecting some of the rodents to obtain samples of their sperm, the researchers allowed the remaining mice to mate. 在解剖了一些小鼠以获取其精子样本后，研究人员允许其余的老鼠交配。 Stanford and her colleagues tracked the resulting offspring until they were a year old, about middle age for a mouse. 斯坦福和她的同事们跟踪研究了这些老鼠的后代，直到它们一岁大的时候。 Even though the offspring of exercising and nonexercising dads all ate a high-fat diet their entire lives and didn’t get any physical activity, the offspring of healthy fathers seemed to inherit their dads’ metabolism. 尽管运动和不运动的父亲的后代一生都吃高脂肪的食物，也没有进行任何体育活动，但健康父亲的后代似乎遗传了父亲的新陈代谢。 The progeny of the runners showed a better response to increases in blood glucose and had lower insulin levels—both hallmarks of a sound metabolism—the researchers report today in Diabetes. 跑步者的后代对血糖升高的反应更好，胰岛素水平也更低——这都是新陈代谢正常的标志——研究人员今天在《糖尿病》杂志上报告说。 “Exercise was completely negating the effect of a high-fat diet” on the offspring, Stanford says. “运动完全削弱了高脂肪饮食对后代的影响，”斯坦福说。  The researchers suspect the offspring might inherit their dads’ metabolic condition through small RNA molecules in sperm. 研究人员怀疑后代可能通过精子中的小RNA分子遗传他们父亲的新陈代谢状况。 Previous studies have linked these molecules to changes in metabolism in the next generation. 先前的研究已经将这些分子与下一代的新陈代谢变化联系起来。 And indeed, the sperm of the lazy dads were loaded with fragments of transfer RNA. 事实上，懒惰爸爸的精子中含有转运RNA的片段。 These molecules, when whole, are essential for synthesizing proteins, but how the fragments function is a mystery—they may modify protein production. 当这些分子是完整的时候，它们对于合成蛋白质是必不可少的，但是这些片段是如何起作用的还是个谜——它们可能会改变蛋白质的产生。 The sperm of the exercisers, in contrast, had relatively few such fragments. 相比之下，锻炼者的精子中此类碎片相对较少。 Stanford and her colleagues still don’t know how the RNA shards affect an offspring’s metabolism, but they speculate that the pieces alter the growth or development of the young early in pregnancy. 斯坦福和她的同事们仍然不知道RNA碎片是如何影响后代的新陈代谢的，但是他们推测这些碎片会改变怀孕早期的孩子的生长或发育。 “It’s a well-executed paper,” says reproductive biologist Michelle Lane of the University of Adelaide in Australia, who wasn’t connected to the study. “这是一篇很好的论文，”澳大利亚阿德莱德大学的生殖生物学家米歇尔·莱恩说。 Previous research has only gauged the immediate effects of paternal exercise on young offspring, she says, but the fact that the researchers followed the mice for a year shows that “the possible impacts are maintained throughout life.” 她说，之前的研究只是衡量了父亲运动对幼小后代的直接影响，但研究人员对老鼠进行了一年的跟踪研究，这一事实表明，“可能的影响在整个生命中都保持着。” Lane cautions that researchers don’t know whether exercise provides the same benefits in people, so it may be too early for would-be fathers to start training for marathons. 莱恩警告说，研究人员不知道运动是否能给人带来同样的好处，所以想成为父亲的人开始马拉松训练可能为时过早。 Nevertheless, Kimmins says, the study “provides hope that if men would exercise, they would have healthier children.” 尽管如此，金明斯说，这项研究“给了男性希望，如果他们锻炼身体，他们就会有更健康的孩子。”  对于这项最新研究成果朋友们有什么看法呢？欢迎给amber留言哦！   END 感谢关注 跟amber一起看世界  |
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