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The World Health Organization has pushed back against the theory that individuals can only catch the coronavirus once, as well as proposals for reopening society that are based on this supposed immunity. 世界卫生组织近日反驳了个人只能感染一次新冠病毒的理论，同时也驳斥了基于这种免疫力假设而出现的希望重启社会的建议。  In a scientific brief dated Friday, the United Nations agency said the idea that one-time infection can lead to immunity remains unproven and is thus unreliable as a foundation for the next phase of the world's response to the pandemic. 在周五发布的一份科学简报中，世卫组织表示，一次感染可导致免疫的观点尚未得到证实，因此将其作为世界应对大流行下一阶段的基础并不可靠。  "Some governments have suggested that the detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, could serve as the basis for an 'immunity passport' or 'risk-free certificate' that would enable individuals to travel or to return to work assuming that they are protected against re-infection," the WHO wrote. “有些政府称，假如检测到新冠病毒的抗体SARS-CoV-2，就可以作为一种'免疫护照”或者'无风险证书’。从而使这样的人可以去旅行或者复工，因为他们得到了保护不会二次感染，”世卫组织写道。 "There is currently no evidence that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection." “目前还没有证据表明，从新冠肺炎中康复并有抗体的人可以避免第二次感染。”  The statement comes days after Chile announced it would begin issuing immunity cards that effectively act as passports, allowing travelers to clear security at airports with a document that purportedly shows they have recovered from the virus. 声明发表前几天，智利宣布将开始发放实际上充当护照的免疫卡，允许旅客凭一份据称显示他们已从病毒感染中康复的文件通过机场安检。 Authorities and researchers in other countries — such as France and the United Kingdom — have expressed interest in similar ideas, while some officials in the U.S., such as Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, have mentioned it as one possible facet of a reopening strategy. 法国和英国等其他国家的有关部门和研究人员也表达了类似的想法，洛杉矶市长埃里克·加希蒂曾表示，这是重新开放战略的一种可能。 The concept for such a card is largely based on the premise that an individual can only contract the coronavirus once before developing the necessary antibodies to fight it off. 这种卡的概念很大程度上是基于这样一个前提，即一个人只能感染一次新冠病毒，然后就会产生必要的抗体来对抗它。 That premise undergirds another common theory: the concept, known as herd immunity, that if enough people have been infected with the coronavirus — and are therefore immune — its transmission will slow and the risks of infection will diminish even for those who haven't caught it yet. 这一前提支持了另一种常见的理论:群体免疫的概念，即如果有足够多的人感染了冠状病毒，因此具有免疫力，那么它的传播速度就会减慢，即使对那些尚未感染的人来说，感染的风险也会降低。  But these ideas depend to a large degree on the supposition that one cannot catch the coronavirus a second time — an idea that world health authorities said leaders should not count on right now. 但是，这些想法在很大程度上取决于一个假设，即一个人不可能第二次感染冠状病毒——然而世界卫生当局说，领导人现在不应该指望这个假设。 As of Friday, the WHO said, "No study has evaluated whether the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 confers immunity to subsequent infection by this virus in humans." 截至上周五，世界卫生组织表示，“目前还没有研究评估是否存在SARS-CoV-2抗体，就可以对人类随后感染该病毒产生免疫力。” What's more, data reported from the world's early COVID-19 hot spots, such as South Korea and China, have shown that a growing number of recovered patients appear to have suffered a relapse of the disease. 更重要的是，来自世界早期的新冠热点地区，如韩国和中国的数据显示，越来越多的康复患者似乎出现了疾病复发。  By mid-April, Korean health authorities said that just over 2% of the country's recovered patients were in isolation again after testing positive a second time. 到4月中旬，韩国卫生部门称，该国只有略多于2%的康复患者在第二次检测呈阳性后再次被隔离。 And in Wuhan, China, data from several quarantine facilities in the city, which house patients for observation after their discharge from hospitals, show that about 5% to 10% of patients pronounced "recovered" have tested positive again. 在中国武汉，来自该市几家隔离设施的数据显示，在出院后接受观察的患者中，约有5%至10%被宣布“康复”的患者再次检测呈阳性。 It remains unclear why this is occurring — whether it is a sign of a second infection, a reactivation of the remaining virus in the body or the result of an inaccurate antibody test. 目前还不清楚为什么会发生这种情况——它是第二次感染的迹象，体内剩余病毒的重新激活，还是抗体测试不准确的结果。  Dozens of antibody tests for the novel coronavirus are already on the market, with varying degrees of reliability and accuracy. 针对这种新型冠状病毒的几十种抗体测试已经在市场上进行，它们的可靠性和准确性各不相同。 House Democrats have launched an investigation into the antibody tests and whether the Food and Drug Administration should increase its enforcement of them, according to CNN. 据美国有线电视新闻网报道，众议院民主党人已经对抗体测试以及美国食品和药物管理局是否应该加大执法力度展开了调查。 "At this point in the pandemic, there is not enough evidence about the effectiveness of antibody-mediated immunity to guarantee the accuracy of an 'immunity passport' or 'risk-free certificate,' " the WHO warned. 世界卫生组织警告说:“目前，关于抗体介导免疫的有效性，还没有足够的证据来保证'免疫护照’或'无风险证明’的准确性。 "People who assume that they are immune to a second infection because they have received a positive test result may ignore public health advice. The use of such certificates may therefore increase the risks of continued transmission." “那些因为检测结果呈阳性而认为自己对第二次感染有免疫力的人可能会忽视公共卫生建议。因此，使用这种证书可能增加继续传播的风险。”  问题 Law |
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