凋亡细胞死亡涉及生理和病理过程。 由于许多类型的癌细胞本质上逃避凋亡消除，因此凋亡诱导已成为一种有吸引力和通常必要的癌症治疗方法。 相反，一些细胞对导致神经变性疾病和免疫病理的凋亡刺激非常敏感。 然而，由于有几个挑战，凋亡的药理抑制仍然只是对抗病理细胞损失的最近新兴的策略。 在这里，我们描述了内在（线粒体）凋亡途径中的几个关键步骤，其代表疾病环境中抑制剂的潜在靶标。 我们还讨论了迄今为止发展的小分子和基于肽的抑制剂的作用机制，优点和局限性。 这些抑制剂作为解剖凋亡信号传导的重要研究工具，并且可以促进新的治疗以减少不需要的细胞损失。
Apoptotic cell death is implicated in both physiological and pathological processes. Since many types of cancerous cells intrinsically evade apoptotic elimination, induction of apoptosis has become an attractive and often necessary cancer therapeutic approach. Conversely, some cells are extremely sensitive to apoptotic stimuli leading to neurodegenerative disease and immune pathologies. However, due to several challenges, pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis is still only a recently emerging strategy to combat pathological cell loss. Here, we describe several key steps in the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway that represent potential targets for inhibitors in disease contexts. We also discuss the mechanisms of action, advantages and limitations of small-molecule and peptide-based inhibitors that have been developed to date. These inhibitors serve as important research tools to dissect apoptotic signalling and may foster new treatments to reduce unwanted cell loss.
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