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菲利普·拉金(1922-1985)，他反对从20世纪初开始统治英国诗坛的现代主义，回归以哈代为代表的英国传统，写出了一种新的日常的准确的英国诗。德里克·沃尔科特在《菲利普·拉 金：写平凡的大师》中认为，拉金的真正成就在于他为“日常”在英诗中做了第一次精确定义，“平凡的面孔、平凡的声音、平凡的生活——也就是说，不包括电影 明星和独裁者的，我们大多数人过的生活——直到拉金出现，它们在英诗中才获得了精确的定义。他发明了一个缪斯：她的名字是庸常。她是属于日常，习惯和重复的缪斯。她住在生活本身之中，她不是一个超越生活的形象，不是一个渴求中的幻影，而是一个习惯于长期独身的男人朴实无华的伴侣。”理查德·罗蒂在《偶然、 反讽与团结》第二章中为了说明“自我的偶然”引用分析了拉金的《继续活着》。罗蒂认为拉金是一个布鲁姆所言的强健诗人，即发现自己的独特性，并为“自己的独特性找到独特的文字或形式……证明了他不是一个复制品和仿造品而已”。2008年，《泰晤士报》把拉金称作英国战后最伟大的诗人。 《日子》 日子是用来干什么的？ 日子是我们生活的地方。 它们来了，一次又一次 把我们唤醒。 我们要乐在其中： 除了日子，我们又能在哪里生活呢？ 啊，为了解决那个问题 来了牧师和医生 穿着长外套 在田野中奔忙。 Days What are days for? Days are where we live. They come, they wake us Time and time over. They are to be happy in: Where can we live but days? Ah, solving that question Brings the priest and the doctor In their long coats Running over the fields. 《致吾妻》 选择你就是关闭了孔雀屏， 未来不复存在，其中诱惑地展开 那煞费苦心的天性全部的作为。 无比的潜力！但其无限 仅限于我尚未作出选择之前； 纯然为选择而阻断一切道路，除了一条， 并且从灌木丛中释放出拍翅的揶揄鸟 现在没有未来，现在我和你，孤单。 于是，为了你的脸我兑换了所有的脸， 为了你不多的财产我出卖了轻快的 行李，面具，魔法师的礼服与徽章。 现在你成了我的厌倦和我的失败， 另一种方式的受难，一种冒险， 一种重于空气的瘀血的本质。 To My Wife Choice of you shuts up that peacock-fan The future was,in which temptingly spread All that elaborative nature can. Matchless potential! But unlimited Only so long as I elected nothing; Simply to choose stopped all ways up butone, And sent the tease-birds from the bushesflapping No future now. I and you now, alone. So for your face I have exchanged allfaces, For your few properties bargained the brisk Baggage,the mask-and-magic-man's regalia. Now you become my boredom and my failure, Another way of suffering, a risk, A heavier-than-air hypostasis. 《悲哀的步伐》 小解后摸索着回床 分开厚窗帘，我吃惊于 云彩的迅疾，月亮的皎洁。 四点钟：楔形影子的花园躺在 洞窟般，被风选中的天空。 这一切总有点可笑 月亮冲出云层的样子 就像吹散加农炮吐出的烟 （石头颜色的光削尖了下面的屋顶） 高尚，荒谬，而又单独—— 爱的菱形！艺术的勋章！ 啊，记忆的狼群！广大无垠！不， 你微微颤抖，抬头望着那里。 那广阔凝视的硬度和亮度 以及显而易见意味深长的单纯 揭示出年轻时的力量 和痛苦；它不会再来， 而是为某处尚未衰退的别人而存在 Sad Steps Groping back to bed after a piss I part thick curtains, and am startledby The rapid clouds, the moon’s cleanliness. Four o’clock: wedge-shadowed gardenslie Under a cavernous, a wind-pickedsky. There’s something laughable about this, The way the moon dashes through clouds thatblow Loosely as cannon-smoke to standapart (Stone-coloured light sharpening the roofsbelow) High and preposterous andseparate— Lozenge of love! Medallion of art! O wolves of memory! Immensements! No, One shivers slightly, looking up there. The hardness and the brightness and theplain Far-reaching singleness of that wide stare Is a reminder of the strength andpain Of being young; that it can’t comeagain, But is for others undiminished somewhere. 《这是第一件事情》 这是我理解的 第一件事情： 时间是一把斧头 在林中的回声。 This Is the First Thing This is the first thing I have understood: Time is the echo of an axe Within a wood. 《离去》 有一个黄昏正在进来 穿过田野，以前从未见过， 那光没有灯。 在远处它恍如丝绸，可是 当它贴近膝盖和胸脯 它并没有带来安慰。 那棵把大地和天空，锁在一起的树 哪里去了？在我手底下， 我摸不到的是什么？ 是什么坠低了我的手？ Going There is an evening coming in Across the fields, one never seen before, That lights no lamps. Silken it seems at a distance, yet When it is drawn up over the knees andbreast It brings no comfort. Where has the tree gone, that locked Earth to the sky? What is under my hands, That I cannot feel? What loads my hands down? 《出走之诗》 有时你听到，第五手的东西， 像是墓志铭： “他抛弃了一切 刚刚走掉了” 这声音听起来总像是 确信你能赞同 这无畏的，净化的， 本质性的举动。 而他们是对的，我认为。 我们都憎恨家 又不得不呆在家里： 我厌恶我的房间 它精挑细选的垃圾， 规矩的书，规矩的床， 而我的生活，秩序井然： 所以，一听到有人说 “他当众扬长而去” 我就会脸红心跳， 就像听到“她随后脱掉了裙子” 或者“把那个拿走你这混蛋”； 如果他干了，我为什么不能？ 这样想，有助于我保持 冷静和勤勉。 可是今天，我必须得走。 是的，大摇大摆走上撒满坚果的路， 躬身于水手舱 满脸胡茬带着善良，如果 它不是这样虚假的话， 这种深思熟虑的倒退 是为了创造一个目标： 书；瓷器；一种生活 完美得应受责难。 Poetry Of Departures Sometimes you hear, fifth-hand, As epitaph: He chucked up everything And just cleared off, And always the voice will sound Certain you approve This audacious, purifying, Elemental move. And they are right, I think. We all hate home And having to be there: I detest my room, It's specially-chosen junk, The good books, the good bed, And my life, in perfect order: So to hear it said He walked out on the whole crowd Leaves me flushed and stirred, Like Then she undid her dress Or Take that you bastard; Surely I can, if he did? And that helps me to stay Sober and industrious. But I'd go today, Yes, swagger the nut-strewn roads, Crouch in the fo'c'sle Stubbly with goodness, if It weren't so artificial, Such a deliberate step backwards To create an object: Books; china; a life Reprehensibly perfect. 《树》 那些树正在长叶子 好像有什么事就要说出来； 新芽松弛，展开， 它们的绿是一种悲哀。 是它们再次出生 而我们变老了？不，它们也死了， 它们年年如新的诡计 记录在谷子的声音里。 不安份的城堡依然在打谷 在每个成熟而丰厚的五月。 去年死了，它们似乎要说， 重新开始吧，重新，重新。 The Trees The trees are coming into leaf Like something almost being said; The recent buds relax and spread, Their greenness is a kind of grief. Is it that they are born again And we grow old? No, they die too, Their yearly trick of looking new Is written down in rings of grain. Yet still the unresting castles thresh In fullgrown thickness every May. Last year is dead, they seem to say, Begin afresh, afresh, afresh. 《割草机》 割草机熄火了，两次：我跪下来， 发现一只刺猬卡住了刀刃， 死了。它一直在深草中。 我以前见过它，甚至，还喂过它一次。 现在我已经无可弥补地毁了它 小心翼翼的世界。埋了也没用： 第二天早晨我起来了，它没有。 死亡后的第一天，新的缺席， 总是一样的；我们应该小心地 对待彼此，我们应该心怀善意 在还有时间的时候。 The Mower The mower stalled, twice; kneeling, Ifound A hedgehog jammed up against theblades, Killed. It had been in the long grass. I had seen it before, and even fed it,once. Now I had mauled its unobtrusiveworld Unmendably. Burial was no help: Next morning I got up and it did not. The first day after a death, the newabsence Is always the same; we should be careful Of each other, we should bekind While there is still time. 《下一个，请》 总是过于渴望未来，我们 染上了期待的坏习惯。 有什么东西总在靠近；每一天 直到那时我们说， 从悬崖观望那渺小而清晰的 闪耀着的应许的船队靠近。 它们多慢！它们浪费了多少时间， 也不肯加快速度！ 它们还是留下了我们，手握失望的 可怜稻草，因为，尽管没有什么阻碍 每一次大的迫近，倾斜着黄铜的装饰， 每根缆绳都清晰可见， 旗帜招展，船首的破浪神顶端镶金 昂然驶上我们的航道，却从不抛锚停泊； 它刚到现在，就成了过去。 直到最后一艘 我们以为每一艘都会停下， 把所有货物卸进我们的生活，我们都被亏欠了 因为如此忠诚和如此漫长的等待。 可是我们错了： 只有一艘船在搜寻我们，挂着黑帆 前所未见，后面拖曳着一片巨大的 没有海鸟的寂静。它的尾迹里 没有水波，也没有浪花。 Next, Please Always too eager for the future, we Pick up bad habits of expectancy. Something is always approaching; every day Till then we say, Watching from a bluff the tiny, clear Sparkling armada of promises draw near. How slow they are! And how much time theywaste, Refusing to make haste! Yet still they leave us holding wretchedstalks Of disappointment, for, though nothingbalks Each big approach, leaning with brassworkprinked, Each rope distinct, Flagged, and the figurehead wit golden tits Arching our way, it never anchors; it's No sooner present than it turns to past. Right to the last We think each one will heave to and unload All good into our lives, all we are owed For waiting so devoutly and so long. But we are wrong: Only one ship is seeking us, a black- Sailed unfamiliar, towing at her back A huge and birdless silence. In her wake No waters breed or break. 《派对政治》 我从来不记得自己端过满杯。 第一眼见我就是半杯不到。 接下来呢？限定余量，试着想想 更好的水平，直到主人来到身边？ 有些人说，最好是亮出一个空杯： 会有人把它斟满。好吧，我也那样试过。 你可能会喝醉，或是给晾上半晌。 这似乎依赖于你的位置。或者你是谁。 Party Politics I never remember holding a full drink. My first look shows the level half-waydown. What next? Ration the rest, and try tothink Of higher things, until mine host comesround? Some people say, best show an empty glass: Someone will fill it. Well, I’ve tried thattoo. You may get drunk, or dry half-hours maypass. It seems to turn on where you are. Or who. 《信念疗法》 女人们缓慢地列队走向他所在的地方 他站得笔直，无边眼镜，银发， 黑服，白领。干事们不知疲倦 劝说她们向他的声音和手前进。 在他爱的关切的温暖春雨里 每人沉浸二十秒钟。现在，亲爱的孩子 有什么问题。深沉的美国口音问道， 并且，几乎不停顿，就进入祷告 指示上帝注意这只眼睛，那只膝盖。 她们的头被猛地抱住；然后，流放 就像失去了思想，她们陷入沉默； 有的羊一般迷失了，尚未回到她们的生活； 但是有的僵住了，抽搐着，大声地 淌着深沉粗糙的泪水，仿佛某种痴呆的 哑孩子在她们内部依然存活着 即将因为善意而再次苏醒，以为最终 会有一个声音专门呼唤自己，会有一双手 来提升她们，让她们轻松；这样的快乐降临 她们密集的话语冲口而出，她们的眼睛挤出悲伤， 一大群闻所未闻的应答欢欣地拥挤在一起—— 有什么问题！长了胡子，她们在带花的连衣裙里颤抖： 迄今为止，全都有问题。每个人心里 都沉睡着一种遵从爱而生活的生命意识。 对于有些人，它意味着凭借爱别人 就能与众不同，但大多数人都把它一扫而空 如果她们被人爱，也很可能这么做。 那治不了什么。一种松弛下来的巨痛， 就如同，僵硬的风景解冻时的哭泣， 缓慢地穿过她们蔓延——那一切，连同上方的声音 说着亲爱的孩子，以及时间所反对的一切。 Faith Healing Slowly the women file to where hestands Upright in rimless glasses, silver hair, Dark suit, white collar. Stewardstirelessly Persuade them onwards to his voice andhands, Within whose warm spring rain of lovingcare Each dwells some twenty seconds. Now, dearchild, What’s wrong, the deep American voicedemands, And, scarcely pausing, goes into aprayer Directing God about this eye, thatknee. Their heads are clasped abruptly; then,exiled Like losing thoughts, they go in silence;some Sheepishly stray, not back into their lives Just yet; but some stay stiff, twitchingand loud With deep hoarse tears, as if a kind ofdumb And idiot child within them stillsurvives To re-awake at kindness, thinking avoice At last calls them alone, that hands havecome To lift and lighten; and such joy arrives Their thick tongues blort, their eyessqueeze grief, a crowd Of huge unheard answers jam and rejoice— What’s wrong! Moustached in flowered frocksthey shake: By now, all’s wrong. In everyone theresleeps A sense of life lived according to love. To some it means the difference they couldmake By loving others, but across most it sweeps As all they might have done had they beenloved. That nothing cures. An immense slackeningache, As when, thawing, the rigid landscapeweeps, Spreads slowly through them—that, and thevoice above Saying Dear child, and all time hasdisproved. 《床上谈话》 床上谈话应该最为容易 躺在那里回到很久以前 这是两人彼此忠诚的标记。 但是越来越多的时间沉默地过去。 外面，那风的尚未完结的不安 把满天的云彩聚拢又吹散。 黑压压的城镇堆积在地平线上。 没有什么在乎我们。没有什么表明为何 在这个独特的隔绝的距离上 更难的是立刻找到 又真又善的词语 或者并非不真，也并非不善。 Talking In Bed Talking in bed ought to be easiest Lying together there goes back so far An emblem of two people being honest. Yet more and more time passes silently. Outside the wind's incomplete unrest builds and disperses clouds about the sky. And dark towns heap up on the horizon. None of this cares for us. Nothing showswhy At this unique distance from isolation It becomes still more difficult to find Words at once true and kind Or not untrue and not unkind. 《别处的重要性》 孤身在爱尔兰，既然它不是家， 陌生就有意义。言谈的涩然冷漠， 坚持与众不同，使我大受欢迎： 这一点一旦被认可，我们便有了接触 他们通风良好的街道，两头连着山， 码头模糊古老的气息，像是马厩， 鲱鱼小贩的叫卖声，渐渐远去， 证明我的疏离，并非不能应付。 生活在英格兰就没有这种借口： 那都是我自己的习惯和风俗 要是拒绝，后果会更严重。 这里没有别处，承销我的存在。 The Importance of Elsewhere Lonely in Ireland, since it was not home, Strangeness made sense. The salt rebuff ofspeech, Insisting so on difference, made mewelcome: Once that was recognised, we were in touch Their draughty streets, end-on to hills,the faint Archaic smell of dockland, like a stable, The herring-hawker's cry, dwindling, went To prove me separate, not unworkable. Living in England has no such excuse: These are my customs and establishments It would be much more serious to refuse. Here no elsewhere underwrites my existence. 《悲哀》 如果悲哀能够燃烧殆尽 像一块烧塌的煤 心就会安静休息 不受侵染的灵魂 静止如面纱 我却守护了整晚 火焰渐渐沉默 苍白的灰烬柔软 我拨弄火苗留下的 顽固的燧石 剥夺殆尽的心 虚弱无力地躺着 Grief If grief could burn out Like a sunken coal The heart would rest quiet The unrent soul Be as still as a veil But I have watched all night The fire grow silent The grey ash soft And I stir the stubborn flint The flames have left And the bereft Heart lies impotent 《对阅读习惯的研究》 当我把鼻子伸进书中 治愈了缺少教育的大部分毛病， 值得毁了我的眼睛 知道我还能保持冷静， 一手老练的右勾拳足以对付 体格大我一倍的脏狗。 后来，戴上了一寸厚的眼镜， 罪恶成了我的云雀： 我，和我的大衣与尖牙 在黑暗中有过绝妙的时光。 我用性将女人们狠揍！ 粉碎她们就像是蛋白酥。 现在读的不多了：英雄赶来之前 把女孩放倒的花花公子， 后来成了店主的小黄脸 都显得太过熟悉。见鬼去吧： 书就是一堆废话。 A Study Of Reading Habits Analysis When getting my nose in a book Cured most things short of school, It was worth ruining my eyes To know I could still keep cool, And deal out the old right hook To dirty dogs twice my size. Later, with inch-thick specs, Evil was just my lark: Me and my coat and fangs Had ripping times in the dark. The women I clubbed with sex! I broke them up like meringues. Don't read much now: the dude Who lets the girl down before The hero arrives, the chap Who's yellow and keeps the store Seem far too familiar. Get stewed: Books are a load of crap. 《水》 如果我被请去 创立一个宗教 我会利用水。 去教堂 就得涉水 然后晾干，各种服色； 我的连祷将动用 浸水的意象， 猛烈而忠诚，淋个痛快， 我还要在东方 举起一杯水 让角度各异的光 无尽地汇聚。 Water If I were called in To construct a religion I should make use of water. Going to church Would entail a fording To dry, different clothes; My litany would employ Images of sousing, A furious devout drench, And I should raise in the east A glass of water Where any-angled light Would congregate endlessly. 《这就是诗》 他们把你搞砸了，你的妈妈爸爸。 这也许不是他们的本意，但事实如此。 他们用曾经的错误把你塞满 还额外加了一些，特地为了你。 可他们自己也是被搞砸的 被那些老派穿戴的傻瓜们， 他们一半时间多愁善感 一半时间又互相责备。 人类把悲惨代代相传。 像沿海大陆架越陷越深。 还是尽早脱身为妙， 也别要什么自己的孩子。 This Be The Verse They fuck you up, your mum and dad. They may not mean to, but they do. They fill you with the faults they had And add some extra, just for you. But they were fucked up in their turn By fools in old-style hats and coats, Who half the time were soppy-stern And half at one another's throats. Man hands on misery to man. It deepens like a coastal shelf. Get out as early as you can, And don't have any kids yourself. 《高窗》 当我看见一对年轻人 我就猜测他在干她，而她 在吃避孕药，或是带着子宫环， 我知道这就是乐园 每个老人都梦想过他们的一生—— 把束缚和姿态抛到一边 像一台过时的联合收割机， 而每个年轻人都将滑下长长的滑道 无尽地，滑向幸福。我好奇 四十年前，是否有人注视着我 想着，那才是生活； 再没有上帝，也不用在黑暗中 为了地狱之类的冒汗，或是必须 藏起对牧师的想法，他 和他的命运都将滑下长长的滑道 像自由血腥的鸟儿。顷刻间 不是词语，而是高窗的念头涌现： 理解太阳的玻璃， 和它外面，深沉的蓝天，展示着 虚无，不在任何地方，无穷无尽。 High Windows When I see a couple of kids And guess he’s fucking her andshe’s Taking pills or wearing adiaphragm, I know this is paradise Everyone old has dreamed of all theirlives— Bonds and gestures pushed to one side Like an outdated combine harvester, And everyone young going down the longslide To happiness, endlessly. I wonderif Anyone looked at me, forty yearsback, And thought, That’ll be the life; No God any more, or sweating in the dark About hell and that, or having tohide What you think of the priest. He And his lot will all go down the longslide Like free bloody birds. And immediately Rather than words comes the thought of highwindows: The sun-comprehending glass, And beyond it, the deep blue air, thatshows Nothing, and is nowhere, and is endless. |
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