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尼德兰的博斯（Hieronymus Bosch, c. 1450-1516）可能是文艺复兴时期最有趣的一位画家，奇幻、怪诞、幽默，将新时代的绘画技法、强烈的宗教批判情绪与欧洲北地的世俗生活完美结合，被二十世纪的超现实主义大师们奉为始祖。 《人间乐园》The Garden of Earthly Delights，约1480-1490年，板上油画，220 × 389 厘米。西班牙马德里普拉多美术馆藏 （Madrid, Museo del Prado） 有关博斯的生平资料并不详细，他所遗留的作品总共不超过30件，却件件充满无边想象力。 《荒野中的施洗约翰》Saint John the Baptist in the Wilderness，可能创作于1489年，板上油画，48.5 × 40 厘米。西班牙马德里拉扎罗·加迪亚诺博物馆藏（Madrid, Museo Lázaro Galdiano） 《旅贩》The Pedlar，约1494-1516年，71 × 70.6 厘米，板上油画。荷兰鹿特丹博曼斯美术馆（Rotterdam, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen） 本篇选取全球第一艺术品拍卖行苏富比（Sotheby's）制作的短视频，对博斯的代表作 Garden of Earthly Delights《人间乐园》进行初认识。  The Garden of Earthly Delights, which sits in the collection of the Museo del Prado in Madrid was painted by the Dutch Renaissance master Hieronymus Bosch. The triptych has been thrilling and confusing audiences ever since. Some consider the work to be a warning about the dangers of carnal sin, others see it as a portrait of a lost paradise. Whatever Bosch's intention, it is now celebrated as a masterpiece of the imagination. 西班牙马德里普拉多美术馆收藏的《人间乐园》是由荷兰文艺复兴时期的大师希罗尼默斯·博斯绘制的。从它诞生之日起，这件三联画作品就一直让观众感到兴奋与困惑。有人认为它是对沉沦肉欲的警示，也有人认为它是一幅失乐园的写照。不管博斯当时的意图是什么，它现在被誉为想象力的杰作。 The work is made of three panels of oak.The center panel is 87 by 77 inches and two side panels each measure 87 by 38 point 4 inches. It is not signed by Bosch. The side panels close to show an exterior panel painted in green gray grisaille depicting the 3rd day of the creation of the world. The figure of God appears in the top left corner and across the top of the two panels are written in Latin - the words "For he spake, and it was done” and "For he commanded, and they were created". 这件作品由三块橡木板组成。中间的一块为87 x 77英寸（译者注：约220 x 195厘米），侧边两块分别为87 x 38.4英寸（译者注：约220 x 97厘米）。上面没有博斯的签名。当两块侧板合拢时，可以看到还有一块外部的板，上面画有浮雕式灰绿装饰画，描绘的是上帝创世第三天的情景。上帝的形象出现在左上角，在两个面板的顶部则用拉丁语写着“因为他说有，就有”和“因为他命立，就立”（译者注：这两句出自圣经诗篇第33篇） The left panel illustrates God presenting Eve to Adam in the Garden of Eden. Creatures real and fanciful roamed the landscape. The spiraling Birds in the top left are said to have been influenced by Leonardo da Vinci's studies on flight. 左边的板描绘上帝在伊甸园中将夏娃呈现给亚当。真实而奇特的生物在风景中漫游。左上角盘旋的鸟儿据说是受达芬奇飞行习作的影响。 The center panel features a bacchanal of nudity, devilry and surprisingly strawberries. In fact, these symbolize the ephemeral pleasures of tasting forbidden fruit. 中间的板上有裸露胡闹的盛宴，甚至还有草莓。事实上，这些象征着品尝禁果的短暂乐趣。 The right panel shows Hell - a nocturnal infernoof death and punishment following the Carnival of lust. At its center is the tree man, a surreal figure formed of decaying trunks and a cracked egg. This character first featured in a pen and bister drawing by Bosch from the 1470s. 右边的板上描绘的是地狱，即在肉欲狂欢之后的死亡与惩罚之夜间地狱。板的中心是树人，一个由腐烂的树干和破裂的鸡蛋构成的超现实形象。这个角色最早出现在14世纪70年代博斯创作的一幅钢笔与棕褐色素描中。 The work was commissioned by Engelbert II of Nassau and has passed through the hands of many royal collectors including William I of Orange and the 3rd Duke of Alba who brought it to Spain. 这幅作品是由恩格尔伯特二世（译者注：德国拿骚家族荷兰省执政）委托创作的并且经众多皇室收藏者之手，包括威廉一世（译者注：荷兰国父）和将画作带到西班牙的阿尔巴公爵三世。 In the 20th century the Garden of Earthly Delights influenced the surrealist movement. The work is echoed in Max Ernst’s anthropomorphic flora and Salvador Dali's elephants and giraffes. For the Surrealists, Bosch was the first modern artist. 《人间乐园》影响了二十世纪的超现实主义流派。马克斯·恩斯特的拟人化植物与达利的大象和长颈鹿是《人间乐园》的回响。对于超现实主义者来说，博斯是第一位现代艺术家。 英文脚本校对与中文翻译 世界艺术史公众号 未经允许 不得转载 |
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