【原】教学反思——如何培养和提升阅读微技能

教学反思——如何培养提升阅读微技能

《普通高中英语课程标准》（2017年版）P36，表10 普通高中英语课程语言技能内容要求第6：辨认关键字词和概念以迅速查找目标信息。

这是一个阅读微技能的培养要求。

如何在课堂操作中不断练习并强化这个技能，让学生在完成阅读理解题目的时候能够快速定位、提取信息，并能形成信息链，通过思维运作，找到准确选项，是高考阅读理解中重点考查的一项内容。

本人在Reader’s Digest上找到了一篇难度、长度都适中的一篇健康类文章，进行教学设计，针对学生阅读微技能：辨认关键词和概念以迅速查找目标信息的培养和提升。

该篇文章通过引用大量研究成果，来说明锻炼对人身心健康两方面的帮助。其中提到锻炼能够改善情绪，因而利于精神健康。

关键词：better mood，关键概念：psychological benefit；目标信息：endorphins are released with exercise, leading to a better mood

为此，设计一个练习：Exercise can improve your mood because_________________

学生要在快速扫描课文中，辨认关键字词和概念，迅速查找目标信息，才能够准确完成这道练习，并学会这个阅读策略。

从实际操作看，学生们能够迅速抓住关键词，mood，通过上下文，进行语义转换，staying active =doing exercise，从而把问题和文本联系起来进行思维，突破endorphins的障碍，锁定目标信息。

但也有部分同学划住了下文的a brighter mood…这一句，但这句的作用是承上启下，并不提供练习题目中所需要的信息。也有部分同学为能够抓住关键概念psychological benefit因而未能准确锁定信息。说明在这项技能的运用方面还需要进一步的练习提升。

阅读微技能的培养和提升，对学生在解答高考阅读理解题目中有十分重要的帮助作用，同时对学生今后的阅读，也将会产生持久的影响。

这篇文章的论述方式，并不复杂，基本采用了引用各项研究成果的方式，即use expertise的方式。但如果学生能够整体把握作者的论述方式，将使阅读难度大大降低，为此，笔者也设计了由点到面对阅读练习，先观察第二段的论述，并说出它的论述方式，然后阅读全篇，找出他们的共同之处。学生很快学会了判断文章的论述方式，能够“识别语篇中的内容要点和相应的支撑论据”（《普通高中英语课程标准》（2017年版））。

这种一点一滴的培养和训练能够集腋成裘，最终形成学生强大的思维能力，拿到一篇文章，能够从整体上进行把握，看到题目，也能够迅速知道应该使用什么技能和策略来完成文后的问题。

通过这种化繁为简、化难为易的方式，学生面对外刊文章不再胆怯，通过使用多种阅读技能和阅读策略，化解问题，找到所需信息，完成阅读理解任务。

附上选文：

This Is the Least Amount of Exercise You Need to Live Longer

Exercise benefits, such as lowering cholesterol or boosting your mood, aren’t anything you haven’t heard of before. But if you need even more workout motivation, knowing that just a few minutes of exercise a day could help you live a longer life.

According to research published in The Lancet, 15 minutes of exercise a day can boost life expectancy by three years—and cut the risk of death from common causes like heart disease and cancer by 14 percent. That said, additional studies have found other amounts of physical activity could add years to your life too. Even 75 minutes of moderate exercise or walking per week improved life expectancy by 1.8 years, as well as 300 minutes by 3.4 years, and 500 minutes by 4.5 years, per published research. Alexis Halpern, MD, an emergency medicine physician at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, notes, however, that even more studies are necessary since there is no definitive science giving an exact number.

Although there might not be a magical amount of exercise for a longer life, other studies have found that exercise also reduces your risk for certain diseases, Carolyn Dean, MD, ND, a Medical Advisory Board member at the Nutritional Magnesium Association says. “One study found that only two-and-a-half hours of brisk walking a week cut the risk of diabetes by 30 percent,” Dr. Dean says. Similarly, some studies have found that exercise can lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of stroke, ward off Alzheimer’s disease, and even reduce the risk of some cancers, according to Dr. Dean. Plus, staying active has psychological benefits since endorphins are released with exercise, leading to a better mood, research shows.

A brighter mood is just one of the benefits both men and women can experience from extra exercise. According to Bert R. Mandelbaum, M.D, author of The Win Within: Capturing Your Victorious Spirit, however, women are outliving men by about four years—and the gap was previously wider. There are so many factors that impact life expectancy, so it is unclear if exercise makes a bigger difference in men versus women. Some evidence, according to Dr. Halpern, shows that low to moderate levels of exercise like walking help prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes more in women than men. Here are the common conditions that affect men and women differently.

Gender aside, if you are looking to add more physical activity to your life remember that something is better than nothing when it comes to exercise, Dr. Dean says. Although, some workouts could be better life-boosters than others. For example, one study found the top exercises for longevity were tennis or racquetball, swimming, and aerobics(有氧健身法), according to Dr. Dean. “Among the people who did 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity each week, people who played racquet sports had a 47 percent lower risk of dying during the nine-year study than people who didn’t exercise,” she says. Walking, swimming, Tai chi, and strength training are all excellent exercise options too, according to Dr. Halpern and Yasmine S. Ali, MD, an Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.

All-in-all, the best workout is simply the one you consistently enjoy the most. Because, as Dr. Halpern says, “If you don’t like it, you won’t do it.”