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【中英文化小品文系列】1——知其不可而为之

 直通一线王国己 2022-01-06

壹丨【中英文化小品文系列】1——知其不可为而为之

知其不可为而为之

doning for nothing, 也许你看到这个词语会感到奇怪,既然毫无所为,doing它干什么。

且慢,这个是儒家知命(knowing Ming)的思想内涵。怎么来的这个思想呢?冯友兰在其A Short History of Chinese Philosophy 中说:From the idea of righteousness, the Confucianists derived the idea of "doing for nothing"。

dong for noting具体什么含义?One does what one ought to do, simply it is morally right to do it, and nor for any consideration external to this moral compulsion. 所谓正其义而不谋其利,明其道而不计其功。

孔子是一个什么样的人呢?"One who knows that he cannot succeed, yet keeps on trying to do it",不过这话在《论语·宪问》篇里,是一位隐士讥讽孔子的话。"Confucius own life is certainly a good example of this teaching", 冯友兰说。this teaching 就是指"doing for nothing"。doing for nothing并非doing nothing(无为),无为是道家的主张。


儒家认为A man cannot do nothing,为什么呢?The value of doing what he ought to do lies in the doing itself, not in the external result. 英语中有句话叫 Man proposes, God disposes(相当于汉语之“谋事在人成事在天”),这里面有一种天命的意味。

孔子是承认命的。在他看来命指the Decree of Heaven or Will of Heaven, 就是说他承认有一种purposeful force的存在。知命,是君子之本:He who does not know Ming cannot be a superior man(不知命,无以为君子也)。

正是如此,孔子认识到有人力所不能控制者在,hence, the best thing for us to do is simply to try to carry out what we know we ought to carry out, without caring whether in the process we succeed or fail. To act in this way is "to know Ming".可见,doing for noting是知命后的选择。这个选择是基于人有所为有所不能为。这是先哲的智慧,至今有用。

一哲学博士认为“为而无所求”应该译为doing even gaining nothing,我倒觉得颇得儒家思想的神致!

注:本期开始,陆续发布一些自己写的中英文化小品文,并附上写这些小品文时所读过和参考过的书籍,感兴趣的读者可以购买阅读。

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