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Tips:  Proper optimization is not just about making the facility run well with the current parameters in mind, but also to allow it to run as efficiently as possible in the future, considering upcoming developments. You have to always be one step ahead of the current environment and make informed strategical decisions. 适当的优化，不仅仅是要让设备以心目中的当前参数进行很好的运转，考虑到将来的发展，也要使其在将来也能尽可能高效的运转。你必须始终领先于当前的环境，并做出明智的战略决策。 SMED stands for Single-Minute Exchange of Die, and it refers to a methodology for improving the processing rate of a manufacturing plant. It achieves that by streamlining the process of switching from one product to the next one in line, and ensuring that all of your machines keep running at optimal efficiency at all times. It can also be used in an office setting, such as switching from task to task. SMED代表Single-Minute Exchange of Die（快速换模），它是一种用来改进制造型工厂加工率的方法。快速换型，通过简化从一个产品切换到下一个产品的过程来实现加工率的改进，并确保所有的机器在任何时候都保持最佳的运作效率。同时，快速换型也可以用在办公环境中，比如，任务与任务之间的切换。 From a lean perspective, we want to complete tasks one at a time. When we batch our work, it’s often a result of the time required to changeover from product to product, or task to task. SMED can help us reduce the changeover time, to make it more efficient to operate in smaller batches. 从精益的角度，我们想要一次完成多个任务。在我们成批处理工作时，结果通常是时间要求我们在产品之间，或者任务之间进行切换。快速换型可以帮助我们减少切换时间，使得我们在处理较小批量的任务时能更有效率。 SMED is also referred to as changeover reduction. 快速换型，也指的是换型（时间）的降低。 Going in depth 快速换型之深入 There are many intricate details to SMED. It's a more general term referring to the process of changing targets within your work. The name of the methodology also comes from the fact that Toyota, in the past, identified larger dies as the most problematic objects in their manufacturing chain. Dies in an office setting could be a software program that takes time to load. 快速换型，有诸多复杂的细节，其在更大程度上，指的是在工作范围内改变目标。快速换型这一方法的名称，也来自于日本丰田公司，在以往，该公司发现较大的模具在其生产链中产生的问题最多。办公室里的模具，可能是一个软件程序，它需要时间来加载。 Changeover times are often responsible for the biggest slowdowns in productivity, and that streamlining the process of switching work could have dramatic effects on the overall output of the business. 换型时间通常对生产率的放缓的贡献最大，而简化工作之间的切换流程，可能会对公司的整体产出产生巨大的影响。 It's also important to note that “single-minute” refers to the idea that those “exchanges” should occur in a single-digit minute (0-9 minutes), not necessarily in sixty seconds. Anything up to about ten minutes is okay in the “eyes” of SMED, although of course the specific time is going to vary from one company to another. 注意，这里的“1分钟”指的是“切换”应该发生在0到9之间的一位数的分钟内，不见得就是60秒。尽管，不同公司的具体时间会有所不同，但从快速换型的角度看，任何高于约10分钟的事情都是没问题的。 SMED and continuous improvement 快速换型与持续改善 SMED goes hand in hand with continuous improvement, as it can allow you to always seek to maximize the potential capacity of the organization. It's a technique that can be applied regardless of the specific current situation, making it highly flexible and suitable for incremental upgrades. What’s more, SMED can ensure that an organization running with more advanced modern technology is always utilizing that technology to its full potential, looking for opportunities to improve its output. 快速换型与持续改善，两者密不可分，因为它可以让你一直寻求机会将组织的潜力进行最大化。快速环形，是一种无需考虑具体现状，却可以应用的技术。快速换型，也是得其本身非常灵活，并适合于渐进的升级。更重要的是，快速换型，可以确保组织运行更先进的现代技术，其也一直利用技术来充分发挥其潜力，去寻找机会以提高产出。 What exactly should you do to implement SMED though? There are several main components to the methodology, and the exact way of using it is going to vary across the board. The general idea is to ensure that there is a clear separation of internal and external setup, so that the state of the machines or computer systems can be reset as quickly as possible. 你到底该如何实施快速换型呢？该方法有几个主要部分，确切使用快速换型的方法将使得整体完全不同。一般的想法，是确保内部和外部结构有明确的区分，以便机器状态或计算机系统得到尽快复位。 Internal Setup – Time spent in changeover when the machine or system is idle 内部结构-当设备或者系统空转时，时间花在了切换上 External Setup – Time spent in changeover when the machine is working on something else 外部结构-当设备做了其他的事时，时间花在了切换上 For example, when you look at the time to changeover your work, how much could be done while you’re finishing up the last job or project? Could someone else be getting the next item ready to go? Getting these tasks started earlier is an example of moving from internal to external setup. 比如，当你注意工作上的切换时，在你对最后一个工作或者项目进行收尾时，可以做到什么程度？其他人是不是可以为下一个项目做准备？让项目早些开始，这是一个从内部结构转移到外部结构的例子。 In addition, the creator of SMED states that it's important to focus on standardizing the functionality of the company’s machines and systems, not the specific output they're producing. In a manufacturing setting, clamps should be functional, or alternatively fasteners should be removed completely if that's not possible. This reduces the actual time to complete the task. 另外，快速换型的创建者称，专注于规范公司的机器和系统的功能性，而不是关注他们所生产的产品的产量。在制造环境中，夹具应该是实用的，或者如果做不到的话，应该完全拆卸紧固件，去减少完成该任务的实际时间。 Introducing some additional intermediate steps in the process can also have a positive effect on the overall performance. Sometimes the lack of buffer zones can be a major contributing factor to performance issues, and 5S is a great method to ensure that those problems don't go unnoticed. 在过程中，引入一些额外的中间步骤，也可以对整体的性能产生积极的影响。有时，缺乏缓冲区，可能是导致性能问题的主要原因，而5s是确保这些问题不会被忽视的很好的方法。 Last but not least, there is also a strong suggestion that the company should look into automating as much as possible from its current range of tasks. This is an obvious one in many industries, especially auto manufacturing where SMED is rooted. Priority should be placed on the internal setup tasks that slow down the overall changeover time. 最后，但并不是最不重要，这里还有一个强烈的建议，即公司应该从现有的任务范围中尽可能多的研究自动化。这一建议，在许多行业中都很容易被理解，尤其汽车制造业，快速换型是深深炸扎根的。内部结构任务，应该被列为降低整体转换时间的优先项。 Conclusion 结论 SMED can be a great way to always have a good edge in your company. It's a flexible technique that can be highly useful to a variety of different organizations, and it's also aligned with the current trends in technology and the direction we're moving towards for the future. There are some clearly valuable lessons to be learned from SMED, and every leader should make it a point to familiarize themselves with the principles behind it as early as they can in their career. 快速换型，可以成为一个公司一直有优势的方法。快速换型是一种灵活的技术,对各种不同的组织都非常有用，也与当前的技术趋势和我们所前行的未来方向保持一致。我们可以从快速换型中学到一些明确的、有价值的教训。每个领导者，都应该在其职业生涯上尽可能早地去熟悉快速换型后面的原则。 【特别提醒】 |
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