 今天分享的是精益生产英文，主题是-5大核心精益工具，提升流程效率，作者是Bonnie K. Stone ，中文为本公号创建人浦亮元翻译，全文1708字，欢迎阅读与分享！ Lean, also known as “Lean Manufacturing” or “Lean Production,” focuses on maximizing customer value by removing waste and eliminating defects. Lean tools are about understanding the process, looking for waste, preventing mistakes and documenting what you did. 精益，也被称之为“精益制造”，或者“精益生产”，其专注于通过消除浪费与消除缺陷的方式将客户的价值最大化。精益工具，是关于理解流程、寻找浪费、预防错误，以及记录你所做事情的。 Let’s look at five Lean tools used in process improvements, what they do, and why they’re important. Companion by Minitab can help you get started leveraging the tools of Lean and other continuous improvement methods to thrive in your business. These tools are even more powerful if you can share and collaborate with your team, so we encourage you to try Companion’s online dashboard reporting capabilities as well. 好，让我们来看下用于流程改善的5大精益工具，看看它们是做什么用的，以及为什么它们非常重要。伴随着Minitab，可以帮你开始利用精益生产的工具和其他持续改进的方法，使你所在的公司得以蓬勃发展。如果你能与你的团队分享和合作，这些工具将会更加强大，因此，我们鼓励你去尝试Companion在线看板的报告功能。
实施精益生产的一大关键步骤就是收集客户之声，VOC（客户之声），能够为抓住重要数据提供某种方法，所以，你可以采取行动，去达到关键业务目标，并改善客户关系。 A basic tenet of Lean is to understand the customer needs and design the process to fully meet (or hopefully exceed) customer expectations. Using the VOC Summary tool will help you understand the key customer issues and convert those issues into critical customer requirements. 精益生产的一个基本原则，就是要去了解客户的需求，并设计流程，以充分满足（或者理想状态下甚至能够超过）客户的期望。使用VOC（客户之声），可以帮助你去理解关键的客户问题，并将这些问题转化为关键客户的需求。 Process Flow 过程流程 过程流程
过程流程，也被称之为流程图，可以帮助你理解与交流某个工艺中的活动或者步骤，也能帮助你发现某个流程中的输入和输出之间的关系，识别关键的决策点，并重新覆盖返工路径。 Because this easy-to-visualize method allows people to clearly see a process, it is most effective to build process maps with the team working in the process. The creation of a process flow makes waste visible (bottlenecks, delays, storage, rework, etc.) and shows the best opportunities for improvement. 由于这一易于目视化的方法，可以让人清楚地看到某一过程，因此，在流程中工作的团队去创建流程图是最有效的。流程流的创建，会使得浪费可视化（瓶颈、延迟、存储、返工等），并能显示改善的最佳机会。
价值流图，是所有增值和非增值活动的汇总，它们产生了满足客户需求所需的产品或者服务。价值流图，通过增加更多数据（超出x和y）、材料和信息流、操作参数、缺陷比率、前置时间等，来扩展流程图的有用性。当前状态的价值流图，识别出浪费，并帮助你所在的团队去设想改进的未来的状态。
精益，就是要理解为什么事情会这样做。通常情况下，是在错误的时间，或者完全跳过导致的工艺问题。使用5个为什么，来确定问题的根源。重复问“为什么？”你可以发现问题的根本原因，不同根本原因之间的关联，并识别出防止问题再次发生的措施。 The real root cause should always point to a process that does not work well or does not exist. Most of the time people do not fail; processes do. 真正的根本原因，总会指向某个不能很好地运转的流程，或者不存在的流程。绝大多数情况下，人们不会失败，但流程会失败。
5S，是基于团队的可以有组织、有条理地组织工作场所的工具。一个整洁有序的工作场所，可以提高效率，消除浪费。 The fifth step, Sustain, is one of the hardest steps to accomplish. It’s akin to losing the weight and keeping it off. Sustaining requires maintaining the gains of process improvements on a regular basis. 维持是5S的第5步，也是最难实现的步骤之一。这类似于减肥和保持体重，维持要求定期维护过程改进的成果。 Without it, old habits resurface, and the workplace falls into disarray. One of the advantages of Companion’s online dashboard reporting is the visibility into everyone’s progress. Everyone can see the benefits and be encouraged to keep it up. 如果没有维持这一步，老的习惯会再次出现，让工作陷入混乱。Companion在线看板报告的优点之一是使每个人进度的都可见。每个人都可以看到好处，并被鼓励坚持。 If you enjoyed these five Lean tools, be sure to read the follow-up: 5 More Critical Lean Tools. 如果您喜欢这五种精益工具，请务必阅读后续：5种更为重要的精益工具。 The END  |
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Collecting the Voice of the Customer is a critical step when implementing Lean. The VOC Summary provides a way to capture important data, so you can act on it to meet key business goals and improve customer relations.
Process flows, also known as process maps, help you to understand and communicate the activities, or steps, in a process. They also help you to see the relationship between inputs and outputs in a process, identify key decision points and uncover rework loops.
A value stream is the collection of all activities, both value-added and non-value added, that generate a product or service required to meet customer needs. Value Stream Maps extend the usefulness of process flows by adding more data (beyond x’s and y’s), material and information flow; operating parameters; defect rates, lead times, and so on. A current state value stream map identifies waste and helps your team to envision an improved future state.
Lean is about understanding why things are done the way they are. Often, things are done improperly, at the wrong time, or skipped altogether resulting in process problems. Use the Five Whys tool to determine the root cause of a problem. Repeat the question "Why?” and you can uncover the problem’s root cause, the relationships between different root causes, and identify steps to prevent the problem from happening again.
5S is a team-based set of tools that systematically and methodically organize the workplace. A clean, well-ordered workplace improves efficiency and eliminates waste.
