【原】Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(80)腹主动脉瘤患者的麻醉管理4.

麻花慧慧子 2022-01-27

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Case 18. Anesthetic Management

of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

If the hemoglobin is greater than 7 g/dl, most practitioners are comfortable with the infusion of a crystalloid such as normal saline or colloid such as albumin or hetastarch. If the hemoglobin is less than 7g/dl, blood transfusion should be utilized to support the bleeding and hemodynamics. 如果血红蛋白大于7g/dl，输注晶体液如普通生理盐水，或胶体液如白蛋白或羟乙基淀粉即可。若血红蛋白小于7 g/dl，应输注血制品以紧急对抗失血，维持血流动力学稳定。

1. be preferable over

preferable ['pref(ə)rəb(ə)l] adj.较适合；更可取同 desirable // Any principle is preferable to none. 任何原则都比没原则好。// False positives in medicine testing are preferable to false negatives, but they can still lead to stress or unnecessary treatment. 医学检测中的假阳性优于假阴性，但它们仍然可能给人们带来压力或不必要的治疗。

2. sympathectomy [simpə'θektəmi] 交感神经切除术 Sympathectomy is a surgical procedure that destroys nerves in the sympathetic nervous system.

3. be anticoagulated with heparin 使用肝素抗凝

Anticoagulated, anti-coagulate, coagulate [kouˈæɡjuleit] v. (使)凝结; 凝固→Anticoagulation

Heparin ['hepərɪn] n.【药】肝素

4. acidemia [æsɪ'di:mɪə] n.【医】酸血症 Acidemia is defined as an increase in the hydrogen(['haɪdrədʒən] n.氢) ion concentration of the blood, resulting in a decrease in pH, and alkalemia([ælkæ'li:mjə] n.碱血症) is defined as a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, resulting in an increase in pH. → acidosis [ˌæsɪ'dəʊsɪs] n.【医】酸中毒

5. pressor [ˈprɛsər] adj.【医】加压的n.增压物质升高血压的物质 any agent that causes a narrowing of an opening of ablood vessel: cold or stress or nicotine or epinephrine or norepinephrine or angiotensin or vasopress in or certain drug

6. prophylaxis [ˌprɒfəˈlæksɪs] n.（疾病）预防 // Even those at risk of getting the virus can now take medication called PrEP or pre-exposure prophylaxis to stay HIV free. 即使是那些有感染病毒风险的人，现在也可以通过一种叫做PrEP或暴露前预防用药的方法来避免感染艾滋病毒。→ prophylactic [ ,prɔfi'læktik, ,prəu- ] adj.预防疾病的n.预防性药物（或器具、措施n. remedy that prevents or slows the course of an illness or disease. 同义词：preventive preventative.

7. a sodium bicarbonate infusion 碳酸氢盐输注

bicarbonate [ˌbaɪ'kɑ:bənət] n.碳酸氢盐

8. the anticoagulation is reversed with protamine 使用鱼精蛋白逆转抗凝状态

protamine ['prəʊtəmiːn] n.【化】鱼精朊，鱼精蛋白 Protamine sulfate is indicated for counteracting or reversing the anticoagulant effect of heparin as necessary

9. vasodilatation [ˌvæsəʊˌdɪlə'teɪʃən] n.〔医〕血管扩张；

10. hypovolemic [haɪpɒ'vəʊlemɪk] adj.低血容的；循环血容量减少的

11. hemodynamic instability manifested by hypotension and tachycardia 血流动力学失衡，表现为低血压和心动过速

Hemodynamic [ˌhemədaɪ'næmɪk] adj.〔医〕血液动力学；血液动力的hemo- 或 hema- 或 hem- 也作 haemo- 或haema- 或 haem-hemo, a combining form meaning “blood,”used in the formation of compound words

Tachycardia [ˌtækɪ'kɑːdɪə] n.【医】心搏[动]过速 → bradycardia

12. sudden blood loss can cause profound drops in blood pressure 急性失血可导致血压骤降

13. hemoglobin [ˌhiːməˈɡləʊbɪn] n.【生化】血红素；血红蛋白 Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein found in red blood cells that gives red blood cells their unique red color. It is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen from your lungs to the rest of the cells in the tissues and organs of your body.

crystalloid ['krɪstəlɔɪd] adj.似晶的；结晶状的；→ colloid ['kɒlɔɪd] n.胶体 adj. 胶质的

albumin [ˈælbjʊmɪn] n.【生化】清蛋白，白蛋白 Albuminis a protein made by the liver that keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels, nourishes tissues, and transports hormones, vitamins, drugs, and substances like calcium throughout the body.

hetastarch [he'teɪstətʃ] n.淀粉羟乙基酶；羟乙基淀粉

14. nephropathy [nə'frɒpəθɪ] n.〔医〕肾病 Nephropathy is a broad medical term used to denote disease or damage of the kidney, which can eventually result in kidney failure.