|
1.Praise, like a gift, is a double-edged sword. 表扬，就像天赋一样，是一柄双刃剑。  2.Praise can hurt, and the pain is all the more sharp because it is unexpected and poorly understood. 表扬是可以伤害人的，而且因为它出乎意料且不被人理解，所以这种痛苦更加尖锐。 3.Folk psychology is not attuned to this. 民间心理学没有怎么关注过这个问题。 4.It treats praise like sex or money. 他们对待表扬的态度就如同对性和金钱一样。 5.More is better. 仿佛多多益善。 6.Marginal returns diminish, but the concave utility curve never arcs back to the x-axis of indifference. 边际收益递减，但凹型的效用曲线永远不会回归到冷漠的x轴。 7.So bring it on! 因此，我们来看看吧。 8.Let us bask in the sweet glow of social approbation! 让我们沐浴在社交中赞扬的灿烂光辉之中吧。 一.Personality个性 9.Julia Reichenberger at the University of Salzburg, Austria, has reviewed evidence linking the trait of Fear of Positive Evaluation (FPE) to the more general trait of social anxiety (see also Fredrick & Luebbe, 2020, for a quantitative meta-analysis). 奥地利萨尔茨堡大学的朱莉娅·赖森伯格回顾了将积极评价恐惧的特征与更普遍的社交焦虑特征联系起来的证据(参见Fredrick & Luebbe, 2020年的定量元分析)。  10.Reichenberger & Blechert (2018) make two important observations: 雷陈伯格和布勒切特(2018)进行了两项重要的观察: 11.First, FPE is distinct from FNE (Fear of Negative Evaluation), and second, both fears are a form of social anxiety linked to status concerns. 首先，表扬恐惧症不同于批评恐惧症(对负面评价的恐惧)，其次，这两种恐惧都是一种与地位担忧相关的社交焦虑。 12.Social evaluation, it seems, necessarily highlights the target person’s standing in the social hierarchy; it may simply note this standing, but it might also question it. 社会评价似乎必然会突出被评者在社会阶层中的地位;它可能只是简单地提到这一立场，但也可能会提出质疑。 13.As social status is a utility as sensitive as sex and money, it can easily arouse anxiety. 社会地位和性、金钱一样敏感，是一种利益，很容易引起焦虑。 二.Culture文化  14.Cultures differ in how much self-promotion they encourage or even demand. 不同的文化在鼓励甚至要求多大程度的自我推荐方面存在差异。 15.The difference between individualist and collectivist cultures (Triandis, 1996) is a rough way to make sense of this. 个人主义文化和集体主义文化之间的差异(Triandis, 1996)是一种大致的理解方式。 16.The United States is usually seen as the paragon of an individualist culture, where self-sufficiency, self-esteem, and self-enhancement are praised. 美国通常被视为个人主义文化的典范，自给自足、自尊和自我提升受到赞扬。 17.Collectivist cultures are more diverse, particularly in the degree to which they rely on and enforce social hierarchies. 集体主义文化则更加多样化，尤其是在依赖和加强社会等级制度的程度上。 18.Some of these cultures emphasize the emotion of shame as a social regulator (e.g., Japan). 这些文化中有一些强调羞耻情绪是社会的规范(如日本)。 19.It seems like a good hypothesis to expect that collectivist cultures, and particularly those banking on shame, produce people with FPE. 这似乎是一个很好的假设，认为集体主义文化，特别是那些指望羞耻的文化，会产生表扬恐惧症。  20.Being praised, and being praised too much, raises the threat of social disruption. 被表扬，或者被表扬太多，会带来扰乱社交的威胁。 三.Self-praise自我表扬 21.Those who are not saddled with the self-binding strictures of praise aversion are free to give their chutzpah the run of the house. 那些没有因厌恶赞美而受到自我约束的人，可以自由地放肆地在家里为所欲为。 22.One of the complexities of Ashkenazi Jewish culture is that it encourages self-mockery and assertive self-promotion at the same time. 德系犹太人文化的复杂性之一是，它鼓励自嘲，同时也鼓励自信的自我推销。 23.Any student of Larry David’s comic genius is familiar with this dynamic. 拉里·大卫的喜剧天才的任何学生都熟悉这种动态。 24.When self-promotion and self-enhancement are encouraged and expected, all goes well for the self-promoter who can back up the hype with deeds. 当自我推销和自我提升受到鼓励和期待时，对于那些能够用行动支持宣传的自我推销者来说，一切都很顺利。 25.Yet, self-promotion unleashed and unedited can result in awkwardness that could make Tony Robbins blush. 然而，未经编辑的自我推销可能会导致尴尬，让托尼·罗宾斯都脸红。  26.People in this vein can sometimes pat themselves on the back enough to dislocate a shoulder. 处于这种境地的人们有时候甚至会自己拍肩膀拍太凶以至于肩膀脱臼。    |
|
|
