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· 希望大家看完文章多点“在看”，喜欢的话也点个分享和赞 这样朴技匠心的推送才能继续出现在你的订阅列表里 才能继续跟大家分享每个实用干货或知识教程 Composting is a great way to cycle organic material back into the landscape and take advantage of the nutrients tied up in food scraps, weeds, and brush. It can be done by anyone, even apartment dwellers with minimal space. Many books are available on the details of composting; here we offer several ways to take your organic wastes and roll them back into your soil.堆肥是一种实现有机质循环利用的好方法，它能将食物残渣、杂草和灌木中的营养物质返还到土壤中以实现其循环利用。堆肥操作简便，没有场地限制，即使在狭小的公寓楼里也可以进行堆肥。堆肥的具体操作步骤和方法，市面上有很多相关的介绍书籍，这里不再进行赘述。下面介绍几种不同的堆肥方式，供大家选择使用。Three-bin composting system. In the simple three-bin system, you set up three bins that are easy to access yet rodent-proof. When you have yard waste or food scraps, you throw them into the first bin. When the first is full, you use a pitchfork to turn the pile into the second bin and start filling the first again. When the first is full again, you move everything down the line and keep filling the first. By the time the first is full again, the third should have compost that is ready to use in your garden. This is a simple, fairly low-maintenance way to do compost, but it may not always get hot enough to kill weed seeds due to its piecemeal construction.三箱堆肥箱：三箱堆肥很简单，首先要放置三个相邻的堆肥箱，但要注意防止啮齿类动物靠近。当有庭院废弃物或厨余垃圾时，就把它们放入第一个堆肥箱。当第一个堆肥箱塞满后，把堆肥从第一个箱子转移到第二个箱子，第一个箱子继续添加新的堆肥材料。当第一个箱子再一次填满的时候，就把第二个箱子的堆肥转移到第三个箱子，并把第一个箱子的堆肥转移到第二个箱子，同时再次往第一个箱子中添加新的堆肥材料。等到第一个垃圾箱再次填满的时候， 第三个箱子里的堆肥就已经成熟可以使用了。三箱堆肥是一种简单的 、成本非常低的堆肥方法，但是因为它的结构较为零散，所以不一定有足够的温度来杀死土壤里的草籽和病菌。Worm bins. Worms are among the most valuable organisms on earth. Digesting organic matter in the top layers of the soil and creating a rich food for plants is an important job. We can get worms’ rich manure by providing bins of bedding for them to live in and biomass to digest. Worm composting is often done in a two- or three-bin system with the compartments stacked on top of each other. The bins can be simple wooden boxes or even old Tupperware bins, or you can buy worm bins that can be easier to harvest from. Worms like a temperature between 55 and 75°F and are best kept inside during the winter if you live in a cold climate.蠕虫堆肥箱：蠕虫是地球上最有价值的生物之一。分解土壤表层的有机质，从而为植物生长提供丰富的营养是蠕虫一项重要的工作。大家可以用合适的箱子作为蠕虫的栖居地，并为其提供大量的有机物作为食物，通过蠕虫对有机物的分解就可以得到优质的肥料。蠕虫箱通常是两箱或三箱，箱子相互叠加中间用分隔物隔开。箱子可以选用简单的木箱或是旧的特百惠桶，也可以直接购买蠕虫箱。蠕虫喜欢的温度是在55华氏度至75华氏度之间，如果在寒冷的地区，冬天最好将蠕虫箱放在室内。In its simplest form, a worm bin is a box with some holes in the bottom for drainage. This box is filled partially with some sort of moist bedding material (Dave likes to use black-and-white junk mail run through a paper shredder). Bury some food scraps below the bedding at one end of the bin and release some red wiggler worms. They’ll turn your food scraps into beautiful vermicompost or worm castings, an excellent fertilizer for the garden. You can just keep adding more food scraps and bedding until the bin is full, then you can harvest your nutrients and start over. Don’t forget to catch whatever drains out the bottom; this “worm tea” is an excellent garden amendment in its own right as it is very high in humic acids, an excellent way to build up your soil’s nutrient-holding capacity.简单的蠕虫堆肥，可以用一个盒子，在底部打一些排水的小孔。 在盒子里铺上一层湿润的垫料，比如戴夫( Dave Boehnlein )就喜欢用碎纸机里的黑白纸屑。然后在沿箱子的一侧埋入厨余，并放人一些红色的孑孓蠕虫。蠕虫会把厨余转化成很棒的排泄物，这些将成为花园最好的肥料。大家可以在箱子里继续加入厨余和垫料，直到箱子塞满，放置一段时间后 就可以作为肥料了。当箱子里的堆肥取出后，又可以开始新一轮的堆肥。在堆肥过程中，千万不要遗漏了箱子底流出的堆肥液，这些液体也是非常优秀的花园“改良者”，因为它们富含腐植酸，能起到保持土壤养分的作用。  Food waste digester. A food waste digester is a great, low-input way to deal with food scraps. You can make your own or buy one called a Green Cone. A Green Cone consists of a plastic basket that you bury in the ground and a big plastic cone that attaches to this and extends aboveground. You just throw your food scraps in the top and they slowly decompose. The underground basket allows all kinds of decomposers living in the soil to have access to the compost, but it keeps rodents and other pests out. You can just keep throwing food scraps into the Green Cone until it is full. Then it is best to have another one to switch to while the first cooks down. Once the second is full, you can harvest the rich compost from the first and use it in the garden. If you only throw food scraps from a small household in there, it can take quite a while for it to fill. That means minimal work.食物残渣分解桶：食物残渣分解桶提供了低成本f很棒的食物残渣处理方式。大家可以自制或购买这种绿色锥形桶(Green Cone)，锥形桶的底部是埋入地下的塑料网篮子，上部是立在地面上的锥形桶。大家只需把食物残渣扔进锥形桶里，就可以等待它们慢慢分解。因为埋人地面下的塑料网篮子既可以让生活在土壤中的“分解者”进人到堆肥堆里分解有机质，又可以避免啮齿类动物和其他害虫破坏堆肥。大家可以不断地把食物残渣扔到锥形桶里直至塞满为止。当第一个锥形桶塞满后，就要用一个新的锥形桶放食物残渣，到第二个锥形桶也塞满时，第一个桶里的堆肥就可以使用了。如果家里的食物垃圾不多，那么一个锥形桶就可以装很长时间，这样既免去了处理食物垃圾的烦恼，又能获得免费的肥料。 Hot and cold composts. Hot composts are generally those that heat up a lot in the process of decomposition. Manures and food scraps help to make this happen. Hot compost piles are also generally made all at once. The benefit of hot compost is that those high temperatures will usually kill weed seeds, resulting in a better product to use in annual beds and areas for direct seeding. The disadvantage is that they are often more work to build and turn and they tend to lose more of their nitrogen to the atmosphere during the composting process.高温堆肥和一般堆肥：高温堆肥常使用粪便和食物残渣，在分解过程中会产生大量热量，形成高温。高温堆肥的优点是高温通常能杀死草籽和病菌，制成的堆肥适合用于一年生园子和苗圃中。高温堆肥可以用于垄合种植以及直按播种的地方。缺点是，高温堆肥的制作和腐化过程要花费比较多的精力，同时在分解过程中氮元素丢失比较多。
Cold composts do not achieve high temperatures during the composting process. Brush piles and/or compost piles that you add to slowly over time are of this type. They are pretty low-maintenance but can take quite a while to break down. They are not terribly effective at killing weed seeds, but they retain more of their nitrogen.一般堆肥的发酵温度较低。比如，慢慢堆积的树枝堆肥就属于这种类型。这种堆肥方式不需要花费精力照管，但是有机质的分解时间较长。虽然般堆肥无法用高温杀灭草籽和病菌，但是它能较好地保留氮元素。From a design perspective, hot compost piles are best placed in zone 1 as they require more management and are more likely to be used in annual gardens. Cold compost can be placed in zones farther out as they may require almost no management, are more likely to be used around tree crops, and may be unsightly.从永续农业规划的角度来看，高温堆肥最好放置在1区，因为它们需要较多的管理，而且常用在一年生园子中。一般堆肥则可以放置在比较远的区域，因为它们几乎不需要管理。同时因为它们杂乱地堆积在树的周围，可能也不太美观。
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