Hyperkalemia Symptoms, Common Risk Factors, and Management
高钾血症的症状、常见危险因素及管理方法
You or someone you care about may have been diagnosed with hyperkalemia, a problem in which too much potassium is in the blood. This video will help you understand more about hyperkalemia, including its symptoms, common risk factors, and management.
您或您关心的人可能被诊断为高钾血症，即血液中钾含量过高的疾病。本视频将有助于大家了解更多关于高钾血症的信息，如症状、常见危险因素，以及管理方法。
There are often no symptoms of hyperkalemia. However, mild symptoms that appear over time may include nausea, muscle weakness, numbness or tingling. More severe symptoms that happen suddenly and require immediate medical care may include shortness of breath, heart palpitations, chest pain, nausea or vomiting.
高钾血症通常无症状。然而，随着疾病逐渐加重，可能出现轻微症状，如恶心、肌肉无力、麻木或刺痛。突发且需要紧急医疗护理的更严重症状包括呼吸急促、心悸、胸痛、恶心或呕吐。
The body needs to keep the right amount of potassium in the blood for nerves and muscles including the heart to work normally. Potassium is one of several minerals that the body gets from food.
人体需要保持血液中正常的钾含量，使神经和心肌等肌肉发挥正常功能。钾是人体从食物中摄取的多种矿物质之一。
Most of it is stored in the cells of the body, and a small amount stays outside the cells as well as in the blood. Healthy kidneys help to maintain normal levels of potassium in the blood, by passing excess potassium out of the body in urine.
大多数储存在人体细胞内，少部分则留在细胞外和血液中。健康的肾脏通过排尿将多余的钾排出体外，从而有助于维持血液中的钾水平。
There are risk factors that may damage or impair the kidneys, or prevent the body from keeping potassium in its cells, leading to hyperkalemia. Some common risk factors for hyperkalemia include:
有些危险因素可能破坏或损害肾脏，或者阻止身体将钾保持在细胞内，导致高钾血症。一些常见危险因素包括：
▪ chronic kidney disease, a condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to work properly;
▪ 慢性肾病，即肾脏逐渐丧失发挥正常功能的疾病；
▪ heart failure, a condition where the heart has trouble pumping blood to the rest of the body;
▪ 心衰，心脏无法将血液泵送到身体其他部分的疾病；
▪ high blood pressure or hypertension, a disease where the force of blood on the walls of the arteries is too high and may lead to complications like chronic kidney disease and heart failure;
▪ 高血压（hypertension），血液冲击血管壁的压力过高，可能导致并发症，如慢性肾病和心力衰竭；
▪ diabetes, a disease where too much sugar is in the blood, and taking medications for these or other conditions, which may prevent the kidneys or the body from maintaining normal levels of potassium.
▪ 糖尿病，血液中含糖量过高的疾病，服用药物治疗这些或其他疾病，可能会阻止肾脏或身体维持正常的钾水平。
A doctor may do a blood test to check the body's potassium level. For most people, a normal range is from about 3.5 to 5.0. Hyperkalemia is a potassium level greater than five.
医生可能做血液检查，检测身体的钾含量。大多数人正常的钾水平范围为3.5~5.0 mEq/L。高钾血症指钾水平＞5.0 mEq/L。
If you are at risk for high potassium, speak with your doctor about ways to manage your potassium levels. You may be asked to avoid or limit eating foods that are high in potassium. In addition, your doctor may make changes to your medications.
如果具有高血钾风险，请与医生探讨管理钾水平的方法。医生可能要求避免或限制摄入富含钾的食物。另外，医生可能对药物进行调整。
To help minimize your risk of hyperkalemia, it's important that you know your risk factors, potassium level, foods to avoid, and medications you're taking.
为最大限度降低高血钾的风险，关键是了解危险因素，钾水平，食物禁忌，以及在服药物。
If you have questions about hyperkalemia, or any medications you have been prescribed, talk to your doctor. It is important to take your medications as directed, and report any side effects you have.
如果对高钾血症，或者任何处方药有疑问，请与医生沟通。请遵医嘱服药，并报告任何副作用。
