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长城是中国最著名的标志之一，它有着悠久而复杂的历史。 It is not just one wall, but many different walls and fortifications that were built over the course of thousands of years. 这不仅仅是一堵墙，而是数千年来修建的许多不同的墙和防御工事。 The walls built at different times were often built with different materials, everything from packed dirt or wood to stone and brick. 在不同时期修建的墙壁通常使用不同的材料，从填充的泥土或木材到石头和砖块。 These walls were meant to protect China from invasion. 这些墙是为了保护中国不受侵略。 The earliest walls were built more than two thousand years ago when individual states built walls of packed earth and gravel between boards to protect their territories from attackers with swords and spears. 最早的城墙是在两千多年前建造的，当时各个州在木板之间建造了填充土和砾石的城墙，以保护其领土免受刀枪袭击。 Hundreds of years later in 221 BC, the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, ordered that walls that divided his empire should be destroyed and a new wall connecting the remaining pieces should be built, creating fortifications that protected the empire from northern attackers. 数百年后的公元前221年，中国第一位皇帝秦始皇下令摧毁分割其帝国的城墙，并修建一座连接其余部分的新城墙，从而建立防御工事，保护帝国免受北方袭击。
No one knows exactly how long that wall was or where it was built, as most of it has worn down or been destroyed. 没有人确切知道这堵墙有多长，也不知道它建在哪里，因为它的大部分已经被磨损或毁坏。 Over the next thousand years, different ruling dynasties repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the wall. 在接下来的一千年里，不同的统治王朝修复、重建或扩建了长城的各个部分。 The leaders of the Ming Dynasty, which began in 1368, constructed the most famous version of the Great Wall. 始建于1368年的明朝领导人修建了最著名的长城。
They began by building watchtowers and garrisons, later adding walls of stone and earth. 他们首先建造了望塔和守军，后来又加上了石墙和土墙。 New construction on the wall ended in 1644. 长城上的新建筑于1644年完工。 At its height the Great Wall stretched more than 13,000 miles or about 22,000 kilometers in total length, making it the longest structure ever built by humans. 在它的高度，长城延伸超过13000英里，总长度约22000公里，使它成为人类建造的最长的建筑。 In some places the walls were 30 feet or 9 meters thick, and 25 feet or 7.5 meters tall, and it was studded with as many as 25,000 watchtowers. 在一些地方，城墙有30英尺或9米厚，25英尺或7.5米高，并且布满了多达25000座望塔。 You may have heard that the Great Wall is so big that it can be seen from space, but that is only partially true. 你可能听说过长城如此之大，以至于可以从太空看到，但这只是部分事实。 It cannot be seen at all from the moon, but from a much closer orbit it could be seen by someone who knew exactly where to look and what it would look like. 从月球上根本看不到它，但从一个更近的轨道上，它可以被一个知道确切位置和样子的人看到。 Today the Great Wall of China is a World Heritage site, protected and maintained for all of humanity to enjoy.
Only some pieces of the wall are taken care of, however, as it is simply too big and too damaged by time and old battles to repair and take care of it all. 然而，这堵墙只有一部分得到了保护，因为它实在太大了，被时间和旧的战争破坏得太厉害了，无法修复和保护它。
In fact, nearly 1/3 of the wall has completely disappeared, fallen down and even the stones were taken away by local people to use in building. 事实上，将近1/3的墙已经完全消失，倒塌，甚至石头也被当地人拿走用于建筑。 Still, the Great Wall is the most popular place for tourists to visit in China, attracting millions of people each year. 尽管如此，长城仍然是中国最受游客欢迎的地方，每年吸引数百万人。 recognizable 容易认出的；易于识别的 The building was easily recognizable as a prison. 很容易看出这座建筑是所监狱。 After so many years she was still instantly recognizable. 过了这么多年，还是一眼就能认出她。 反义词：unrecognizable 【派生词】recognizably, -isably adv. The request, naturally, is politely phrased but is still recognizably a command... 无疑，这个请求措辞委婉，但显然还是一个命令 fortification 碉堡 watchtower 瞭望塔 packed dirt 堆积的污垢 gravel 沙砾 the course of 过/进程 the course of history. 历史的进程 It is possible that in the course of time a cure for cancer will be found. 治疗癌症的方法终有一天能找到。 In the course of time, many of their myths become entangled. 最后，他们很多荒诞的说法都变得错综复杂了。 They were accused of attempting to pervert the course of justice. 他们因企图妨碍司法公正而被控。 I traced the course of the river on the map. 我在地图上勾勒出这条河的流向。 mean to do sth.打算做某事 wear down 磨损，挫败，使厌烦 It wears me down.When I'm worn down, I take a nap. 有点精疲力尽，我累的时候会打个盹 The heels of the shoes are worn down鞋跟磨平了 He believed that he could wear her down if he only asked often enough. 他相信只要总缠着她问她就会松口。 World heritage site 世界遗产地 garrison n. 驻军 v. 驻防，驻守 Half the garrison is/ are on duty. 卫戍部队有半数在执行守备任务 How many regiments have been sent to garrison that town? 已经派出多少个团去驻守那个城镇？ 100 soldiers were garrisoned in the town. 派了100名士兵在城里驻防 fortify v. 筑城防御 〔辨析〕 尤指在某地区或城市周围建高墙以抵御攻击。 〔例证〕 a fortified town 设防的城镇 They fortified the village with barricades of carts.他们用马车搭起路障，加强村子的防御。 The island is heavily fortified.那个岛设有重防。 garrison v. 驻防，驻守 〔辨析〕 指派兵去保卫或防守某地。 stud n.钉状首饰;种马;风流男子 vt.用饰钮装饰;散布;用壁骨支撑 press stud 摁扣 cleat 鞋钉 a leather jacket with studs on the back 后背有饰钉的皮夹克 diamond studs 钻石耳钉 a stud farm 种马场 be studded with 遍布于……；用……装饰 The sky was clear and studded with stars. 天空晴朗，繁星点点 Stars studded the sky. 繁星满天 You see studs on lots of London front doors. 在伦敦，你能看到许多人家的大门上都装有饰钉 at its height 在它鼎盛时期 from space 从太空 partially true 部分正确 Partly 尤用以说明原因，其后常跟because或due to： I didn’t enjoy the trip very much, partly because of the weather. 我旅行过得不太愉快，部分是因为天气的缘故。 Partially 指身体状况时应用partially： His mother is partially blind. 他的母亲失去了部分视力。 orbit n.轨道 the earth's orbit around the sun 地球环绕太阳的轨道 a space station in orbit round the moon 绕月球运行的一个航天站 to come/fall/be within sb's orbit 进入 / 落入 / 属于某人的势力范围 verb 沿轨道运行；围绕…运动 orbit around sth The earth takes a year to orbit the sun.地球绕太阳一周要一年的时间。 |
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