【原】高考真题解析(4)

众所周知，英语单词构成有其特有的规律。一般来说英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根，词根决定单词的意思。词根可以单独构成单词，也可以通过添加前缀或后缀构成新词。前缀改变单词词义，后缀决定单词词性 (名、动、形、副)。在记忆英语单词时，我们完全可以利用词根、词缀对单词进行结构化、网络化学习，通过一个词根(缀)去掌握一串词。这个方法以前昕妈也有过介绍。

今晚昕妈就抽空为你解析近三年高考真题里的构词规律。

1.  (2018年新课标卷I·语法填空) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners.

【答案】longer

【解析】该句大意是医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。

2.(2018年新课标卷I·语法填空)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise,  it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).

【答案】68. strengthen    69. energetic

【解析】68. 考查词形转化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。69. 考查词形转化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。

3. (2018年新课标卷II·语法填空)A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.

【答案】actually

【解析】该句大意为对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。

4.(2019年新课标卷I·语法填空) Scientists have responded by  noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.

【答案】higher

【解析】根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。

5. (2019年新课标卷I·语法填空) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been  ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.

【答案】poorly

【解析】根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。

6. (2020年新课标卷I·语法填空)Landing on the moon’s far side is   62   (extreme) challenging.

【答案】extremely

【解析】该句大意为在月球背面着陆极具挑战性。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰challenging，加强语气。

最后再看一下2020年全国I阅读理解B篇里的一段话，仔细揣摩其中所包含的构词法。

There’s a welcome familiarity --- but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.

familiarity (familiar + -ity) n.熟悉；亲近

-ity：表示具有某种特征的状态（the condition）

rereading n.重读,reread的ing形式

前缀re原意表示“反向”；“再次”的意思（back;again）

transformative (transform + -ive) adj.革命性的；变革的

-ive：具有……性质的（having the quality of ~ing）

由此可见，构词法不仅在语法填空题型出现，还可以渗透在阅读理解等题型里，这就要求童鞋们平时做个有心人，多留意观察、善于总结归纳并积累，考场上才能应对自如拿高分。