|
2017年10月高等教育自学考试《高级英语》试题 课程代码：00600 I. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words orexpressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. 1. It is universallyacknowledged that making the fromyouth to adulthood can be very painful. A. transmission B. transition C. transportation D. transformation 2. Whether womenshould spend more time outside home has long been the subject of heated within the medical profession. A. debate B. quarrel C. dispute D. conflict 3. The constant noisefrom his neighbors Mr.Andrews, who was busy writing his new novel. A. exhilarated B. exasperated C. exhausted D. extinguished 4. It was soembarrassing that the chair underher weight at the meeting. A. collapsed B. fell C. dropped D. tripped 5. It seems to assume that all the drugs forsale have been tested. A. judicious B. sensitive C. shrewd D. reasonable 6. While negotiating,one must bear in mind that a trade war is not a war in the sense. A. exact B. accurate C. literal D. precise 7. Gamblers are folk who do not like to remain inone place for long lest it bring them bad luck. A. ignorant B. superstitious C. innocent D. distrustful 8. Instead of education and critical thinking, weshould work on plausible measures against organized crimes. A. scorning B. scoping out C. scolding D. scoffing at 9. The recollection ofthe parting scene made me fall into a state of deep A.melancholy B. anguish C. apprehension D. memory 10. Boys shouldn'tstay indoors all the time. They get if they cannot go outside to play. A. active 'B. excited C. fidgety D. hesitant 11. It was midsummer.It looked as if the whole town were in the water, swimming or simply about. A. splashing B. pouring C. spilling D. sprinkling 12. The host made asincere to his guests forhaving canceled the firework show. A. excuse B. reason C. cause D. apology 13. Every morning shemakes herself a cup of coffee, without which she cannot A. function B. continue C. burgeon D. survive 14. Critics generallybelieve that Hemingway's work is on his own life. A. founded B. established C. based D. built 15. Holmes was askedto help the police investigating the deaths of children at the hospital. A. miraculous B. meticulous C. mysterious D. monotonous Read the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding threeitems II, III, IV. (1) Toward the end ofthe nineteenth century, a small group of artists working in France and Germanybegan to re-evaluate the meaning and function of art. In the preceding century,art had lost many of its traditional functions. It had ceased to be an importantmethod for recording the way things look because that job had been taken overby the camera. Artists now sought to isolate the special province of art, todefine its own particular essence. Painters and sculptors joined otherintellectuals in questioning classical standards based on rationalized patternsand generalized ideals. The world view of the 1890s had been so altered by thetumultuous changes of the nineteenth century that the cool, orderly classicalfigure style and static Renaissance compositions no longer seemed appropriateforms of expression. (2) In 1886 thepainter Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) came from Holland to France, where heproduced a revolution in the use of colon He used purer, brighter colors thanartists had used before, he also recognized that color, like other formalqualities, could act as a language in and of itself. He believed that the localor "real" color of an object does not necessarily express theartist's experience. Artists, according to van Gogh, should seek to paintthings not as they are, but as the artists feel them. In Public Garden atArles, the colors of the pathway, the trees, and the sky are all far moreintense and pure than the garden's real colors. Thus, van Gogh captures thewhole experience of walking alone in the stillness of a hot afternoon. (3) Practicallyunknown in his lifetime, van Gogh's art became extremely influential soon afterhis death in 1890. One of the first artists to be affected by his style was aNorwegian artist named Edward Munch (1863-1944), who discovered van Gogh's useof color in Paris. In The Dance of Life, Munch used strong, simple line andintense color to explore the unexpressed sexual stresses and conflicts thatSigmund Freud's studies were bringing to light. In Germany the tendency to usecolor for its power to express psychological forces continued in the work ofartists known as the German Expressionists. (4) Alongside therevolution in color, another revolution was occurring in the use of space. Eversince the Renaissance, European artists had treated the outside edges ofpaintings as window frames. The four sides of a frame bounded an imaginary cubeof space a three dimensional world inwhich figures and background were presented. From about 1880 on, Paul Cezanne(1839-1906) explored a new way of expressing the experience of seeing. Hesought to create painting with perfectly designed compositions, true both tothe subject matter and to his own perceptions. He also wanted to include andbuild upon tradition. (5) Between 1909 and1914, Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963) worked togetherto develop a new style that is called cubism. Like Cezanne, they explored theinterplay between the fiat world of the art of painting and thethree-dimensional world of visual perception. The two worlds influence eachother, so that in art as in life, one confuses symbols or paintedrepresentations with the objects in the real world for which they stand. Thisobservation about experience is explicit in a cubist work like The Violin.Illustrations of fruit cut from an actual book are pasted in the comer. Thesesheets are real objects introduced into a drawing, or symbol. But the illustrations are also printedreproductions of drawings that were based on real fruit. (6) In a typicalRenaissance or baroque painting, objects are set inside an imaginary block ofspace, and they are represented from a single stationary point of view. Acubist work is constructed on a different system, so that it re-creates the experience of seeing in aspace of time. One can only know the nature of a volume by seeing it from manyangles. Therefore, cubist art presents objects from multiple viewpoints.Furthermore, vision is conditioned bycontext, memories, and events in time. In The Violin, some of the words cutfrom real newspapers refer ironically to an artist's life. The numerousfragmentary images of cubist art make one aware of the complex experience ofseeing. (7) The colors used inearly cubist art are deliberately banal, and the subjects represented areordinary objects from everyday life. Picasso and Braque wanted to eliminateeye-catching color and intriguing subject matter so that their audiences wouldfocus on the process of seeing itself. (8) Throughout theperiod from 1890 to 1914, avant-gardeartists were de-emphasizing subject matter and stressing the expressive powerof such formal qualities as line, color, and space. It is not surprising thatsome artists finally began to create work that did not refer to anything seen inthe real world. Piet Mondrian (1872-1944), a Dutch artist, came to Parisshortly before World War I. There he saw the cubist art of Picasso and Braque.The cubists had compressed the imaginary depth in their paintings so that allthe objects seemed to be contained within a space only a few inches deep. Theyhad also reduced subject matter to insignificance. It seemed to Mondrian thatthe next step was to eliminate illusionistic space and subject matter entirely.His painting Composition 7, for example, seems entirely flat. (9) Mondrian, likeseveral other early masters of modem art, was a philosophical idealist. He heldthat the objects of perception are actually manifestations of anotherindependent and changeless realm of essences. Art, he believed, should take itsaudience beyond the world of appearances into the other, more "real"reality. Logically, he eliminated from his paintings any references to thevisible world. (10) The revolution inart that took place near the mm of the twentieth century is reverberatingstill. After nearly a hundred years, these masters of modem art continue toinspire their audiences with their passion and vision. II. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions,followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and writethe corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. 16. According toParagraph 1, in the 1890s artists sought to A. fight against the threat posed by thecamera B. restore many of art's traditionalpatterns C. redefine the specific essence of art D. use art to record reality precisely 17. The word"compositions" in Paragraph 1 means A. publications B. elements C. illustrations D. exhibitions 18. It can be inferredfrom Paragraph 2 that van Gogh A. presented things according to the way hefelt them B. avoided treating color as a formalquality in and of itself C. conformed to the traditional ways ofdepicting everyday objects D. used the local color of an object toexpress his personal experience 19. From Paragraph 3we learn that Edward Munch A. was not well-known until after his death B. found himself influenced by van Gogh inNorway C. explored the hidden sexual stresses andconflicts in his paintings D. was barely informed of Sigmund Freud andhis psychological studies 20. Paragraph 4 showsthat Cezanne's paintings A. tended to reject art tradition B. revolutionized the use of space C. expressed the hearing experience D. reflected a three dimensional world 21. According toParagraph 6 and Paragraph 7, a cubist work is A. conditioned by context and events intime B. created inside an imaginary block ofspace C. presented by using intense eye-catchingcolors D. constructed by viewing objects from manyangles 22. The word"banal" in Paragraph 7 means A. exciting B. boring C. popular D. pathetic 23. According to Paragraph9, Mondrian believed that A. an artist should also be a philosopher B. an artist should present the visibleworld C. it was impossible to go beyond the worldof appearances D. the objects of perception manifested achangeless realm of essences 24. The word"reverberating" in Paragraph 10 means A. echoing repeatedly B. disappearing suddenly C. spreading quickly D. emerging unexpectedly 25. Which of thefollowing might be the best title for this passage? A. Greatest Artists B. Revolution in Art C. The History of Art D. Modernist Art III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write thetranslation on your Answer Sheet. 26. In Germany thetendency to use color for its power to express psychological forces continuedin the work of artists known as the German Expressionists. 27. Ever since theRenaissance, European artists had treated the outside edges of paintings aswindow frames. 28. The two worldsinfluence each other, so that in art as in life, one confuses symbols orpainted representations with the objects in the real world for which theystand. 29. Furthermore,vision is conditioned by context, memories, and events in time. 30. It is not surprisingthat some artists finally began to create work that did not refer to anythingseen in the real world. IV. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words.Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. 31. What do you thinkis the function of art? V. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by alist of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completeseach of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.One word or expression for each blank only. Childhood's logicnever asks to be proved (all 32 are absolute). I didn't question 33 Mrs. Flowers had singled me out for attention,nor did it occur to me that Momma might have asked her to give me a littletalking 34 .All I cared about was that she had made tea cookies for me and 35 to me from her favorite book. It was enough to 36 that she liked me. The key is to segmentthe market vertically. This 37 the company to pitch specific customerswith 38 services that no other company can beginto provide. Example: One customer 39 is the legal rofession. Cable & Wirelessis cteveloping 40 and functions that have tremendous 41 to lawyers. However, patterns of 42 by Asian-Americans to this country, thecultural 43 , language problems and discriminationthey have faced have all taken a 44 oftheir elderly and their families. This is particularly 45 of older Chinese men, who were not allowed to 46 theirwives and families with them to the United States or to intermarry. This increased mynatural hatred of 47 and made me for the first time fully awareof the existence of the working classes, and the job in Burma had 48 mesome understanding of the nature of 49 ; but these experienceswere not enough to give me an accurate 50 orientation. Then cameHitler, the Spanish Civil War, etc. By the end of 1935 I had still 51 toreach a firm decision. I remember going to awriter for a 52 magazine and telling him this was a storythe American people should 53 . He agreed, but said it would never get 54 his desk because the Army would rescind themagazine's 55 tocover the war, and if you don't cover the war you don't sell magazines, and ifyou don't sell magazines then 56 happens because that's the American way.
VI.Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation onyour Answer Sheet. 57．但是，十几亿年以来，人们一直都是根据味道来进食的。 58．女人好像没有意识到的是有些事情你知道但不该说出来。 59．他在我们面前站了片刻，然后示意我们进入客厅。 60．在这方面，他们唯一的竞争对手就是大公司的领导。 61．我亲自处理这些重要的项目，如果做得不错而获得称赞，我就会欣喜不已，感到极其骄傲和自负。但是在这种挑战与满足的波峰之间，是单调与绝望。 62．不久前我和一个老朋友谈到这个问题。她教给我一个屡试不爽的应对失眠的妙方，那就是想象自己在反复地做某个细小的动作，直到她烦透了这种单调的生活，睡意也就悄然而至了。她最喜欢的方式是想象在墙上有一幅画挂得有点歪，然后去把它正过来。 2018年4月高等教育自学考试《高级英语》试题 课程代码：00600 I. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words orexpressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet. (15 points, 1 point for each) 1. The paintingdepicts an idyllic scene ofshepherds watching over their grazing sheep. A.industrial B.pastoral C.realistic D.dramatic 2. The newmanager's and enthusiasmhave helped the company to achieve its international success. A.existence B.reluctance C.persistence D.avoidance 3. Everyone atthe meeting was expected to activelyin the discussions. A.participate B. negotiate C.navigate D. fight 4. They had a escape when their car plunged into a riven A.miraculous B. drastic C.possible D.ridiculous 5. He was very "popular"writers, whom he described as having no talent. A. proudof B. curious about C. anxiousabout D. contemptuous of 6. The elderly lady was sorry for what she had said to theshop assistant. A. graciously B. genuinely C.generously D.gorgeously 7. Jonah and his youngest son were finally with each other, after not speaking fornearly six years. A.connected B. united C.reconciled D. combined 8. She had the to believe the law did not apply to her. A. dignity B. interest C.patience D.arrogance 9. Whether the end the means is an issue of heateddiscussion. A.simplifies B.justifies C.disguises D.glamorizes 10. She themark on the wall for ages, but it wouldn't come off. A.scrubbed B. cut C. struck D. beat 11. The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truckdriver. A.regarded B.described C.identified D.categorized 12. To our surprise, the students the task successfully in less thantwenty minutes. A. had B. assigned C. took D. accomplished 13. It has to be said it was rather of him to ask a complete stranger tolook after his luggage. A. clever B. ingenuous C.conscientious D.considerate 14. Could you give me some as to when I am likely to receive areply? A.suggestion B. comment C. indication D. recommendation 15. It is questioned whether the teachers should work from the officially approvedprimers. A. rigidly B. carelessly C.severely D.aggressively Read the following passage carefully and complete thesucceeding three items II, III, IV. (1) If Ron Scott was in any doubt about the effect ofbeing unhappy at work, he needed only toask his family. The usually easy-going, good-humored husband andfather of three had become an irritable man who was working his way through"a minimum six beers a night. Some nights I'd have wine as well". Any little thingthat went wrong at home got under his skin. "I'd go off. My son wouldn't put his school bags awayand I'd be yelling at him or I'd be yelling at thegirls for something." (2) It wasn't work itself that was getting to Ron, farfrom it. He's always worked and doesn'tlike to be idle. At 16 he left school and applied for a job at a nearbysteelworks. He had wanted to become a carpenter but instead was offered anapprenticeship as a fitter and machinist- the same job that his father hadhad. "I didn't enjoy metalwork at school, but I said, 'Yeah, that'll do.'" Heshrugged off the disappointment and made the best of things, working hard during hisfour-year apprenticeship and for three years after that, until a restructuremade his position redundant. (3) He bought a car with the small payout he received, gave himself sevenweeks' holiday, then started a new job as a mechanical engineer for a major internationalairline. This involved a commute of an hour or so each way, but that wasmanageable. The new role, fixing military then civilian aircraft engines, wassatisfying. "It was interesting and I liked learning a new job. It wasgood." (4) Eighteen months into the newposition at the airline, Ron married Sharon and 18 months after that theirfirst child was born. He was working his way up the ladder, getting pay-risesas he went, and the conditions suited family life rather than the 24/7 shiftsof the steelworks, he was able to work five days a week on day-shift. (5) As his children reached schoolage, Ron volunteered to help out at their sporting activities especially atjunior lifesaving, where his sense of fun and endless patience made him a firmfavorite with kids and parents. He was by now an engine marshal, anadministrative role that involves supervising the acquisition of partsand the repair and assembly of huge jet engines. (6) "I loved it," he says, explaining with aself-deprecatory chuckle that despite having been a fitter andengineer all those years, "I'm not very patient when it comes toputting thin~s together. If it doesn't go right I get annoyed. So it was goodjust bein~ able to chill a little bit more." (7) Life was good, but 15 years into the job, thingsstarted to change. (8) First Ron's team was moved to a much smaller buildingwhere they were cramped amid the engine parts.Characteristically, he made the best of it, but he wasn't enjoying work as he once had. Then, without consultation, hewas put back on a rolling shift roster. "I hated it because of all thethings I was missing out on," he says. "I was coaching my son Harry'ssoccer team and was involved at the surf club, but I had to stop all thatbecause I was back on shift work." (9) Rumors began to circulate about redundancies. Rontold Sharon that if they were offered he was consideringapplying. "She was pretty happy because I was coming home so cranky."Over the next few weeks they discussed the kinds of things Ron might move onto. One idea just wouldn't leave him alone. "I said, 'How about I goand teach swimming? I love water. I love kids. I could probably do that.'" (10)After 20 years with the airline Ron took voluntaryredundancy, received a five-figure payout,and walked away without a second glance. He completed swimming-teachertraining, and then arranged to volunteer at a swim school to build up hispractical experience. Soon the school was employing him for a shift a week,and his hours built up from there. (11) Coming from a job where theresults were immediate and obvious took some adjustment for Ron. "It wasdifferent from what I thought it would be," he says. "I thought itwas going to be so easy. But you're trying to teach the kids something and halfthe time they're looking at you and you don't even know ifthey're listening.Then weeks or months later they will put it into action and you'll realize thatthey were listening all along." Ron's easy manner with both children andparents soon paid off and he became a full-time employee at the swim school. (12)The 40 hours he works a weektakes in weekends and split shifts, to cover morning and afternoon children'sclasses. He has "no body hair left because of the warm water andchlorine". He earns around 25% less than he did in engineering. And, at49, he says he has never been happier. (13) Tve had a drop in pay, but I've cut back onexpenses, too. I'm driving half the distanceto work so don't have to pay as much for petrol. I don't drink nearly asmuch. I go walking in my lunch break and I've lost 20 kilos. I love going to work.The whole family is a lot happier." (14) He admits it was scary, making such big leap when there was themortgage to pay and teenagers to clothe and feed, but in the end he feels it isa simple choice. "Ifyou're in a job you don't like, get out. Money's not everything. You might have tostop doing a few things, but you do adjust. If you don't like it, change find something you're going to be happywith." II. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions,followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and writethe corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each) 16. According to Paragraph 1, Ron was drinking beer orwine at night because 。 A. he had noother ways to relax himself after work B. he didn'tfeel happy about his present situation C. he believedthat alcohol could help him sleep well D. he wanted toavoid conflicts with his family members 17. What can we learn about Ron from Paragraph 2? A. He wasforced to accept the job. B. He didn'tlike the job he was offered. C. He waswaiting for a chance to change his job. D. He refusedto do the same job his father had done. 18. In Paragraph 2, the word "redundant" means 。 A.unnecessary B. inferior C. neglected D. crucial 19. Which of the following can best describe Ronaccording to Paragraph 4? A. His newposition made it possible for him to meet Sharon. B. His marriageand his first child brought him good luck. C. He was makingprogress and satisfied with his work. D. Theday-shift was what he was dreaming of. 20. Which of the following is true about Ron based onParagraph 5? A. He wasproud of his reputation in sporting activities. B. He washardly admired for his voluntary work. C. He waspopular with kids and their parents. D. He was wellknown as a professional lifesaver. 21. In Paragraph 8, the word "cramped" means 。 A. not easy totalk to B. not hard to spot C. not havingenough time D. not having enoughspace 22. In Paragraph 9, the word "cranky" means 。 A. annoyed B. excited C.hopeless D.optimistic 23. According to Paragraph 10, Ron left his job 。 A. withregret B. with shame C. withoutcompensation D. withouthesitation 24. Which of the following is true about Ron's new jobbased on Paragraph 11 ? A. It was hardto meet the needs of kids and their parents. B. It was morechallenging than his previous jobs. C. It took sometime for him to see the results. D. It demandedmore efforts to be successful. 25. What message does the author want to get across tothe reader? A. It's betterto do what you really enjoy than to do what you are good at. B. Peopleshould be aware of the importance of earning a good income. C. Job hoppingquite often brings about potentially great chances. D. It's usuallyvery hard to tell what job suits you best. III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese andwrite the translation on your Answer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each) 26. This involved a commute of an hour or so each way, but that wasmanageable. The new role, fixing military then civilian aircraft engines, wassatisfying. 27. I'm not very patient when it comes to putting things together. If itdoesn't go right I get annoyed. So it was good just being able to chill alittle bit more. 28. Over the next few weeks they discussed the kinds ofthings Ron might move on to. One ideajust wouldn't leave him alone. 29. He completed swimming-teacher training, and thenarranged to volunteer at a swimschool to build up his practical experience. 30. He earns around 25% less than he did in engineering.And, at 49, he says he has never beenhappier. IV. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words.Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. (10 points) 3 I. What is your opinion on changing jobs? V. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by alist of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completeseach of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each) The elderly clerk spoke again. He said4, "I'm 32 .I've got the right to speak. We are going the 33 way about all this.Everyone must 34 lots. This isn't the last draw we shall have, and picture toyourselves what it will be 35 in this cell if we have a privileged 36 theones who are left to the end. The rest of you will soon begin to hate us. We shall be leftout of your fear ..." But what this country doesn't know is that 37 has created a monster in the form of millions of 38 men who have been taught to deal in 39 ,and who have been given a chance to die for the 40 nothingin history. We have returned to this country with a 41 ofanger and betrayal which nobody has yet grasped.I wonder if this blandness of our dietdoesn't explain 42 so many of us are 43 andeven dangerously so. When things had 44 , we knew what we were 45 all the while and it satisfied us. A teaspoonful of my mother-in-law's wild strawberry 46 willentirely satisfy your jam desire. I was especially intrigued by a 47 inWatts because it was supposed to be 48 . I wanted todemonstrate that it could be done more than anything 49 I recall a moment during a city-wide highschool oratorical 50 when one of the judges asked 51 anything good could comeout of Watts. Our high school won the contest. What is serious about excitementis that so many of its 52 are destructive. It is destructive inthose who cannot 53 excess in alcohol or gambling. It isdestructive when it takes the form of mob violence. And 54 allit is destructive when it leads to 55 It is so deep a need thatit will find 56 outlets of this kind unless innocentoutlets are at hand. VI. Translate the following sentences into English andwrite the translation on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points each for57-60, 4 points for 61, 8 points for 62) 57．她隐瞒嗓子疼这件事至少有三天了，并且一直对她的父母撒谎，以便逃脱这样一个结局。 58．因为这一点及其他原因，我感到有些孤独，不久就形成了孤僻的性格。 59．从这点来看，那些家务缠身的妇女要比男人不幸得多。 60．在我的部门，有六个惧怕我的人，其中有一个小秘书怕我们所有人。 61．顾客亲近型公司力求了解顾客及他们所需要的产品和服务。它不断调整自己的产品和服务，并做到价格合理。 62．如果你拒绝所有吊在眼前的诱饵度过一生，那根本就不是生活。什么变化也不会有，你也就没什么可争斗的。生活像一潭死水单调乏味。太多的狡诈会要了你的命。即使上钩意味着麻烦，但你也不能永远无视它。 2018年10月高等教育自学考试《高级英语》试题 课程代码：00600 I. Each ofthe following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose theright one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet. (15 points, 1 point for each) 1. The campaign plan is supposed to be to the letter. A. devised B. executed C.operated D.performed 2. His intelligence and integrity won unanimous of his colleagues. A.admiration B. interest C.enthusiasm D. amazement 3. His parents were concerned about his heavy smoking and him for taking risks with hishealth. A. abused B. admonished C.abhorred D. abandoned 4. The new administration considers it necessary to its position and policy on thediplomatic disputes. A.reiterate B.recommend C. release D. relieve 5. Players are likely to be by the game's slow pace and fishysubject matters. A. put out B. put down C. put up D. put off 6. The leader of the secret organization requires allmembers to take a(n) ofallegiance. A. note B. job C. oath D. order 7, While waiting for her interview, Sarah sat on thebench nervously with theclasp of her handbag. A.flipping B. twiddling C.pricking D. whipping 8. The new policy on sex discrimination is expected to discrimination in employment. A.illuminate B.predominate C.contaminate D. eliminate 9. I had no clue what he was trying to suggest because hejust couldn't the subject. A. keep to B. keep up with C. keepoff D. keep out of 10. The delegates of the two countries started thedisarmament talks after an exchange of A.courtesy B. honor C. pleasantry D. respect 11. The hawk and soared away carrying a rabbit in its giant claws. A. swooped B. glided C. twisted D. fell 12. Hit by the recession, he lost his job and now has little income. A. rising B. national C.retirement D.disposable 13. This textbook aims to a wide range of important topics fromnatural science to social science. A. cover B. hide C. conceal D. disguise 14. What is great about the Harry Potter series is thatthe reader is likely to be toexamine their interpersonal relationships. A.simulated B.assimilated C. stimulated D. accumulated 15. Lisa's fairytale world came to a(n) end when her best friend was unexpectedlytransferred to another school. A. comic B. impressive C. abrupt D. ridiculous Read the following passage carefullyand complete the succeeding three items II, III, IV. (1) Big houses in Ireland are, I am told, very isolated.I say "I am told" because the isolation, or loneliness of my ownhouse is only borne in on me, from time to time, by the exclamations oftravelers when they arrive. "Well," they exclaim with a hint ofdenunciation, "you are a long way from everywhere!" I suppose I seethis the other way round: everywhere seems to have placed itself a long wayfrom me if "everywhere" meansshopping towns, railway stations or Ireland's principal through roads. Butone's own point of departure always seems to one normal. I have grown upaccustomed to seeing out of my windows nothing but grass, sky, tree, to beingenclosed in a ring of almost complete silence and to making joumeys foranything that I want. Actually, a main road passes my gates (though it is amain road not much travelled); my post village, which is fairy animated, isjust a mile up the hill, and daily bus, now, connects this village with Cork.The motor car demolishes distances, and the telephone and wireless keep thehouse knit up, perhaps too much with the world. The loneliness of my house, asof many others, is more an effect than a reality. But it is the effect that isinteresting. (2) When I visit other big houses I am struck by somequality that they all have not so muchisolation as mystery. Each house seems to live under its own spell, andthat is the spell that falls on the visitor from the moment he passes in at thegates. The ring of woods inside the territory wall conceals, at first, thewhole territory from the eye: this looks, from the road, like the woods insleep, with a great glade inside. Inside the gates the avenue often describesloops, to make itself of still more extravagant length; it is sometimes archedby beeches, sometimes silent with moss. On each side lie those tree-studded grassspaces we Anglo-Irish call lawns and English people puzzle us by speaking of as "the park." On thesebrowse cattle, or there may be horses out on grass. A second gate--(generallywhite-painted, so that one may not drive into it in the dark) keeps these away from the house in its innercircle of trees. Having shut this clanking white gate behind one, one takes thelast reach of avenue and meets the faded, dark-windowed and somehow hypnoticstare of the big house. Often a line of mountains rises above it, or a river isseen through a break in woods. But the house, in its silence, seems to becontemplating the swell or fall of its own lawns. (3) The paradox of these big houses is that often theyare not big at all.Those massive detached villas outside cities probably have agreater number of rooms. We have of course in Ireland the great houses houses Renaissance Italy hardly rivals,houses with superb facades, colonnades, pavilions and, inside, chains ofplastered, painted saloons, but the houses, that I know best and write of,would be only called "big" in Ireland in England they would be "country houses," no more. They areof adequate size for a family,its dependants, a modest number of guests. Theygave few annexes, they do not ramble; they are nearly always compactly square.Much of the space inside (and there is not so much space) has been sacrificedto airy halls and lobbies and to the elegant structure of staircases. Theirfacades (very often in the Italian manner) are not lengthy, though they may behigh. Is it height—in this country of otherwise lowbuilding that got these Anglo-Irishhouses their "big" name? Or have they been called "big"with a slight inflection—that ofhostility, irony? One may call a man "big" with just that inflectionbecause he seems to think the hell of himself. (4) These houses,however, are certainly not little. Let us say that their size,like theirloneliness, is an effect rather than a reality. Perhaps the wide, privatespaces they occupy throw a distending reflection on to their walls. And,they wereplanned for spacious living for hospitality above all. Unlike the low warm,ruddy French and English manors, they have made no natural growth from thesoil the idea that begot them was apurely social one.The functional parts of them kitchens and offices, farm-buildings, outbuildings were sunk underground, concealed by wallsor by trees;only stables (for horsesranked very highly) emerged to view, as suavely planned as the house. II. In this section, there are ten incomplete statementsor questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2points for each) 16. In Paragraph 1, the word "denunciation"means A. publicaccusation B. heated debate C. heartyapproval D. stealthydiscussion 17. The author' s feeling toward motor cars, telephone,and wireless is one of A.distaste B. anger C. fear D. relief 18. According to Paragraph 2, the reason that the bighouse renders the visitor the impression of isolation is that A. it islocated in a wood B. it is farfrom the main road C. it isreminiscent of enchantment D. it has alawn for cattle and horses 19. In Paragraph 2, the expression"tree-studded" means A. tree-surrounded B. tree-sheltered C.tree-dotted D.tree-shaded 20. In Paragraph 2, the figure of speech used in thesentence "Having shut this clanking white gate.., the big house." is A.metaphor B. personification C.parallelism D.euphemism 21. In Paragraph 3, the word "ramble" means A. move backand forth B. shake now and then C. extend inall directions D. appear out ofnowhere 22. In Paragraph 3, the author uses the analogy of a"big" man to show that A. the house isbig in the sense that it looks self-important B. the house isbig in size in comparison with a man C. the house isintimidating as hell D. the house isspacious to live in 23. According to Paragraph 4, the effect that thesehouses are big in size is the result of A. the need forwide spaces B. careful design C. the plan forspacious living D. visual illusion 24. The fact that stables are suavely planned as thehouse implies that A. horses areconsidered important B. horses arevulnerable to harsh weathers C. horses aremore useful than other farm animals D. horses areconsidered symbolic of a man's rank 25. Which of the following might be the best title forthis passage? A. IrishArchitecture B. The Big House C. ModemHouses D.The History of Architecture III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese andwrite the translation on your Answer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each) 26. I have grown up accustomed to seeing out of mywindows nothing but grass, sky, tree, to being enclosed in a ring of almostcomplete silence and to making journeys for anything that I want. 27. When I visit other big houses I am struck by somequality that they all have not so muchisolation as mystery. 28. But the house, in its silence, seems to becontemplating the swell or fall of its own lawns. 29. The paradox of these big houses is that often theyare not big at all. Those massive detached villas outside cities probably havea greater number of rooms. 30. Much of the space inside (and there is not so muchspace) has been sacrificed to airy halls and lobbies and to the elegantstructure of staircases. IV. Answer the following essay question in English within80-100 words. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. (10 points) 31. What is your ideal house? V. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks,followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Yo Choose the one thatbest completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each) The run must have tuned Bonnie up. When they got back 32 ,as soon as he lowered her into the crib, she began to 33 andwave her arms. He didn't want to play with her. He tossed some 34 anda rattle into the crib and walked into the 35 , where he turned on the 36 waterand began to comb his hair. But some years ago, I married a girl whose mother is an 37 cookof the kind called "old-fashioned". This gifted woman's daughter (mywife) was 38 her mother's venerable skills. She stillbuys 39 products from the neighbors and, in sofar as possible, she uses the same materials her mother and grandmother did to prepare meals that are 40 .They are just as good as I 41 them from my courtship. Not surprisingly, Watts, too, was in the 42 ofpainful discussion about the riots. It was beginning to look as 43 thedeepest impact of the riots was 44 the people of Wattsthemselves. Old attitudes about the community were in 45 Therewere no explanations that seemed complete. No one knew for sure 46 itall began. Most of the work that most people have to do is not initself 47 , but even such work has 48 greatadvantages. To begin with, it 49 a good many hours of the day without theneed of deciding what one shall do. Most people, 50 theyare left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a 51 tothink of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. It was mid-June, 1972, the Chicago Amphitheater was 52 ,sweltering, rocking. Onstage, Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was 53 "MidnightRambler." Critic Don Heckman was there when the song 54 ."Jagger," he said, "grabs a half-gallon 55 ofwater and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the firstfew rows of sweltering listeners. They 56 to follow him, eager tobe touched by a few baptismal drops."
VI.Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation onyour Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points each for 57-60, 4 points for 61, 8points for 62) 57．他们主持会议，提拔人才，允许别人在准备发布的通告中使用他们的名字。 58．地方经理把钱分配在他们认为合适的地方，制定经费预算，并逐级上报给公司主管部门，让他们了解情况。 59．追捧新潮的势利行为，虽然不是我们这个时代所独有的，却具有了空前的重要性。 60．她感到手和胳膊稍微有些刺痛，但她认为这是走路累的。 61．现在，她真的狂怒了。在这以前她一直处于守势，但是现在她开始进攻了。她试图从她父亲的腿上逃掉，向我扑来，而失败的泪水模糊了她的双眼。 62．我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少以他们的观点来看是这样。对于下一代人来说，与此相关的问题并不在于我们的社会是否不完美(我们可以将其视为理所当然)，而是如何对待它。尽管美国这个社会严酷且没有理性，但它毕竟是我们所拥有的唯一的世界。 2019年4月高等教育自学考试《高级英语》试题 课程代码：00600 I. Each ofthe following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose theright one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point foreach) 1. I find ithard to that women weretreated so unfairly a hundred years ago. A. conceive B. detect C. remember D. propose 2. Thenumber of staff we can take on will be by how much money we're allowed to spend. A. suggested B. controlled C. determined D. navigated 3. Dad willbe angry if you him while heis reading. A. dislike B. disturb C. disappoint D. dissatisfy 4. She is the brightest star of British ballet. A. normally B. upsettingly C. undoubtedly D. unnecessarily 5. Theendless public appearances are an inevitable part of an election A. activity B. campaign C. crusade D. movement 6. Somepessimists hold that true independent advice is A. reliable B. unavoidable C. reasonable D. unattainable 7. Hesuggested a card game to relieve the of the journey. A. monopoly B. monologue C. monotony D. monograph 8. One ofthe many of foreign travel islearning how to cope with the unexpected. A. outlooks B. benefits C. experiences D. attitudes 9. It's aminor earthquake. There were no injuries and the damage to the building was A. minimal B. lasting C. accidental D. disastrous 10. Somepeople in the West are spillingsalt on the table. A. excited about B. cautious of C. superstitious about D. conscious of 11. Turkeyis expecting an of severalthousand refugees over the next few days. A.influx B. import C. output D. overview 12. He wroteto me last week regarding a business he thought might interest me. A. implication B. indication C. proposition D. explanation 13. TheCivil Rights Act was needed to someethnic groups. A. induce B. enlarge C. seduce D. empower 14. In theend she left home just to escape the rule of her mother A.political B. tyrannical C. social D. official 15. Thenumber-one principle for being a good colleague is to your emotions from the workingrelationship. A. prevent B.save C. extricate D. disengage Readthe following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items II,III, IV. (1) Fiftyyears ago, baby boomers and their parents suffered through what was ubiquitouslyunderstood as "the generation gap", or the inability for different generationsto speak clearly with one another. (2) A newnational poll of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29—themillennial eneration provides strong evidence of a new generation gap, thistime with the boomers (born between 1946 and 1964) playing the role ofuncomprehending parents. When Millennials say they are liberal, it meanssomething very different than it did when Barack Obama was coming of age. WhenMillennials say they are socialists, they're not participating in ostalgie forthe old German Democratic Republic. And their strong belief in economicfairness shouldn't be confused with the attitudes of the Occupy movement. (3) The pollof Millennials was conducted by the Reason Foundation and the Rupe Foundationearlier this spring. It engaged nearly 2400 representative 18 to 29 year oldson a wide variety of topics. (4) This newgeneration gap certainly helps to explain why Millennials are far less partisanthan folks 30 and older. Just 22% of Millennials identify as Republican orRepublican-leaning, compared with 40% of older voters. After splitting theirvotes for George E. Bush and A1 Gore in 2000 (each candidate got about 48%),Millennials have voted overwhelmingly for Democratic candidates in the 2004,2008, and 2012 elections. Forty-three percent of Millennials call themselvesDemocrats or leaning that way. Yet that's still a smaller percentage than it isfor older Americans, 49% of whom are Democrats or lean Democrats. Moststrikingly, 34% of Millennials call themselves true independents, meaning theydon't lean toward either party. For older Americans, it's just 10%. (5)Millennials use language differently than Boomers and Gert Xers (born between1965 and 1980). In the Reason-Rupe poll, about 62% of Millennials callthemselves liberal. By that, they mean they favor gay marriage and potlegalization, but those views hold little or no implication for their views ongovernment spending. To Millennials, being socially liberal is beingliberal, period. For most older Americans, calling yourself a liberal means youwant to increase the size, scope, and spending of the government (it maynot even mean you support legal pot and marriage equality). Despite the strongliberal tilt among Millennials, 53% say they would support a candidate who was sociallyliberal and fiscally conservative (are you listening, major parties?). (6) Thereare other areas where language doesn't track neatly with Boomer and Gen Xdefinitions. Millennials have no first-hand memories of the Soviet union or theCold War. Forty-two percent say they prefer socialism as a means of organizingsociety but only 16%, can define the term properly as government ownership ofthe means of production. In fact, when asked whether they want an economymanaged by the free market or by the government, 64% want the former and just32% want the latter. Scratch a Millennial "socialist" and you arelikely to find a budding entrepreneur (55% saying they want to start their ownbusiness someday). Although they support a government-provided social safetynet, two-thirds of Millennials agree that "government is usuallyinefficient and wasteful" and they are highly skeptical toward governmentwith regards to privacy and nanny-state regulations about e-cigarettes, sodasizes, and the like. (7) For all theattention lavished on the youthful, anti-capitalist Occupy movement a few yearsago, it tums out that Millennials have strongly positive attitudes towardfreemarkets Oust don't call it capitalism). Not surprisingly, they definefairness in a way that is less about income disparity and more about gettingyour due. Almost six in ten believe you can get ahead with hard work and asimilar number wants a society in which wealth is parceled out according toyour achievement, not via the tax code or government redistribution of income. Eventhough 70% favor guaranteed health care, housing, and income, Millennials haveno problem with unequal outcomes. (8) Likemost older Americans, too, Millennials are deeply worded about massive andgrowing federal budgets and debt, with 78% calling such things a major problem. (9) It wouldbe a real shame if we can't have the sorts of conversations we need to addressand remedy such issues because different generations are talking past eachother. Millennials are different than Boomers or Gen Xers: Culture comes firstand politics second to them. They are less partisan and they are less hung upabout things such as pot use, gay marriage, and immigration. But in many ways,they agree with older generations when it comes to the value and legitimacy ofwork, the role of government in helping the poor, and the inefficiency ofgovernment to do that. (10)Everyoneagrees that there are crises everywhere: Social Security and Medicare are goingbust and the economy has been on life support for years. The best solutionswill engage and involve Americans of all ages. The Reason-Rupe poll points tosome places where generations are talking past each other and others wherethere is wide agreement. Giving its finding a close read might just helpnarrow today's generation gap so we can get on with improving all generations'prospects. II.In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed byfour choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the correspondingletter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each) 16. A boomercan be a person who was born A. in 1956 B. in 1976 C. in 1986 D. in 1996 17. InParagraph 2, the word "uncomprehending" means A.lacking support B. lackingunderstanding C. showing contempt D. showing indifference 18. We canlearn from Paragraph 4 that A. a larger percentage of Millennials areDemocratic-leaning B. a smaller percentage of older Americansare Democratic-leaning C. the percentage of partisan Millennialsis larger than that of older Americans D. there is a larger percentage ofMillennials as Democrats than that of older Americans 19. WhenMillennials call themselves liberal, they mean that A. they want to increase the size and scopeof the government B. they uphold the legalization of gaymarriage and marijuana C. they want to urge the government toreduce its spending D. they would not support a candidate whois conservative 20. When youlook into Millennial "socialists" more deeply you will find that A. many of them are actually againstcapitalism B. many of them want to start their ownbusiness in the future C. most of them favor a governmentintervention in the economy D. most of them believe in the government'sefficiency in market management 21. InParagraph 7, the word "disparity" means A. redistribution B. demotion C. impartiality D. difference 22. UnlikeBaby Boomers and Gen Xers, A. Millennials believe that culture is moreimportant than politics B. Millennials usually take a dim view ofgay marriage and immigration C. Millennials feel ashamed that they can'thave conversations with the government D. Millennials think that the government ishighly successful in helping the poor 23. InParagraph 9, the word "legitimacy" means A. lawfulness B. identity C. effectiveness D. possibility 24. We canlearn from Paragraph 10 that Boomers, Gen Xers and Millennials all agree thatin recent years the American economy A. has been on the increase B. has barely sustained itself C. has become more prosperous D. has recovered from the recession 25. Theauthor's attitude toward Millennials is A. casual B. negative C. pessimistic D. objective III.Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation onyour Answer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each) 26. Moststrikingly, 34% of Millennials call themselves true independents, meaning theydon't lean toward either party. For older Americans, it's just 10%. 27. ToMillennials, being socially liberal is being liberal, period. For most olderAmericans, calling yourself a liberal means you want to increase the size,scope, and spending of the government. 28. In fact,when asked whether they want an economy managed by the free market or by thegovernment, 64% want the former and just 32% want the latter. 29. Almostsix in ten believe you can get ahead with hard work and a similar number wantsa society in which wealth is parceled out according to your achievement, notvia the tax code or government redistribution of income. 30. Givingits finding a close read might just help narrow today's generation gap so wecanget on with improving all generations' prospects. IV.Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answeron your Answer Sheet. (10 points) 31. In whatsense are young people important to their country? v. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks,followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one thatbest completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each) "It wasthe best of times and the worst of times..." Her voice 32 inand curved down through and 33 the words. She was nearly singing. Iwanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read? Or were therenotes, music, lined on the pages, as in a 34 book? Her sounds began 35 gently.I knew from listening to a thousand preachers that she was nearing the end ofher reading, and I hadn't really heard, heard to understand, a 36 word.Watching the float so intently made him sleepy: he had been with Doreen 37 twothe night before. They spoke of getting married in three months, by which time,Arthur said, they would have collected a good 38 ofmoney, nearly a hundred and fifty pounds, not counting income-tax rebate, whichwill probably 39 it up to a couple of hundred. So theywould be sitting pretty, Doreen replied, because Mrs. Creatton had already 40 tolet them stay with her for as long as they like, 41 halfthe rent. Worktherefore is 42 , first and foremost, as a preventive ofboredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though 43 workis as nothing in 44 with the boredom that he feels when hehas nothing to do with his days. 45 this advantage of workanother is associated, 46 that it makes holidays much moredelicious when they come. On the edgeof a small cape that marked the side of the bay away from the promontory was aloose 47 ofrocks. Above them, some boys were 48 offtheir clothes. They came running, naked, down to the rocks. The English boyswam 49 them, and kept his distance at a stone's 50 .They were of that coast, all of them burned smooth 51 brown,and speaking a language he did not understand. To be with them, of them, was acraving that filled his whole body. I don't-knowwhat the European figures are. Much smaller 52 Europe is poor, and aface can cost as much in 53 as a Rolls-Royce. The most that the 54 ofEuropean women can do is just to wash and hope for the best. Perhaps the soapwill produce its loudly advertised 55 ;perhaps it will transform them into the likeness of those 56 creatureswho smile so rosily and creamily, so peachily and pearlily, from everyhoarding.
VI.Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation onyour Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points each for 57-60, 4 points for 61, 8points for 62) 57．我们突然间明白了，在我们所居住的犹如一艘小小的宇宙飞船的星球上，乘客数目大约每四十年翻一番。 58．连锁杂货店将独立商店挤了出去，标准化成为降低成本的主要手段。 59．我之所以给出所有这些背景资料，是因为我认为如果一个人不了解某个作家的早期发展，他就无法对这个作家的创作动机进行评估。 60．无论你可能得到多少，你总是想得到更多；满足是一个你永远无法实现的梦想。 61．吸引并保持你的注意力是大部分电视节目策划的首要动机，它加强了电视作为有利可图的广告媒体的作用。节目策划人活在持续的恐惧中，担心失去任何一位观众的注意力。 62．年龄稍大一些的工作女性的收入水平普遍低于男性。她们很多人只有在孩子长大后才在外面工作，所以只能从事非技术性的、低收入的工作。其他工作了一辈子的女性通常只能拿到低工资，以及相应较低的社会保障金和个人退休金。 2019年10月高等教育自学考试《高级英语》试题 课程代码：00600 I. Each ofthe following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose theright one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your AnswerSheet. (15 points, 1 point for each) 1. I wasamazed to find that art and music every aspect of people's lives in that place. A. predicted B. possessed C. pervaded D. preceded 2. Careful of the company's accounts revealed awhole series of errors. A. observation B. planning C. scrutiny D. disposal 3. It was sonoisy that I could not hear a wordof what he said. A. singular B. solitary C. sole D. unique 4. Thesepious pilgrims gather around this holy temple every year to show their nature. A. allegiance to B. illusions about C. reverence for D. compliments on 5. Thespectators flocked into the stadium to witness the match between England and NewZealand. A. fury B. grudge C. resentment D. indignation 6. Unfortunately, he the truth that he hated formaldinners just as his hostess walked in. A. blurted out B. held back C. approved of D. shrugged off 7. Thanks toShirley's encouragement, my confidence began to later in life. A. burgeon B. decrease C. shake D. waver 8. We areall delighted that our company has produced a performance this year. A. specific B. creditable C. lackluster D. disastrous 9. The priceof the farm produce between50 pence and ￡1 per kilo on this island. A. waves B. floats C. changes D. fluctuates 10. With the evidence, she was definitely to beconvicted of shoplifting. A. compelling B. conflicting C. anecdotal D. vague 11. It isuniversally acknowledged that the human memory is highly A. picky B. optional C. choosy D. selective 12. Heuttered a cry of at the newsof his best friend's shipwreck. A. ecstasy B. anger C. anguish D. exasperation 13. She wasunable to a child naturally,and had to resort to fertility treatment. A. conceive B. confront C. program D. process 14. Theyoung mother was by herbaby's first tentative steps. A. threatened B. shuddered C. thrilled D. shocked 15. I failedto come up with the exact terminology. It me for the moment. A. excited B. erased C. excluded D. eluded Readthe following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items II,III, IV. (1) Thefamily is only one of the variety of agencies of socialization. Bysocialization we mean the process by which cultural, social and moral valuesand beliefs are transmitted from one generation to the next. In otherwords, through the socialization process we learn the basic facts necessary forthe performance of a variety of social roles in the society in which we growup. (2) Thesocialization function of the family is a generalized one, and is aimed atpreparing us for membership of the kinship group and the community. The way inwhich the process operates will depend largely upon the views taken by theparents of what their children ought to be like when they are grown up. This,in turn, will depend on the environment of the home and the community in whichit is established~ For example, an agricultural village family is likely to beliving in a very different setting from a professional family in the city. (3) Inthe rural community emphasis will be placed upon values such as groupsolidarity and the belief in the natural superiority of the male. Thefamily will transmit these values to the children in order to prepare them fortheir future roles as adults. Thus the child will grow up placing greater valueupon the family as a unit than upon himself as an individual; more emphasisupon a segregation of the roles of husband and wife than upon equality, and soon. (4) Inthe case of the city family educated to professional standards, the process islikely to take a different form. The child is more likely to be taught thevalues necessary for success in a world dominated by individual achievement. Hewill be taught that hard work is necessary to bring about academic success,which is the forerunner to occupational success. To make the best ofoccupational success he will be taught the value of having an educated wife whocan share in this, either by working at her own trained profession tocontribute to the material status of his marriage, or by entertaining hisfriends and colleagues and maintaining his home to a level of high socialstanding. (5) But thefamily cannot hope to socialize the child in every aspect of life and this iswhere the other agencies come in. Of these, school is perhaps the mostimportant. The family is concerned with socializing its members into the groupwhile the school is concerned with socializing its pupils into the wider society.School is very closely linked with our participation in the economic system, inother words, there is a very close link between school and the occupation wetake up in adult life. (6) The peergroup also operates as an agency, of socialization. In the peer group weassociate with others who are approximately of our own age and social status.Peer group associations can be particularly influential at college anduniversity level and are often carried through to adult working life. Thismeans that the peer group takes over in influence where the family and school leave off. (7) Nomatter how strong the family influence, it cannot hope to provide all thenecessary material for socialization into an occupational citizenship becauseit will not have all the technical and social knowledge necessary to cope withall situations in life. This is very obvious in areas where rapid change isa characteristic feature of life, as in the developing world wheretechnological and industrial advances have shifted populations from theirtraditional communities, and the strict moral and religious values of thefamily or tribe are no longer accepted as the natural norms. (8) Forthese reasons, and many others, there are those who say that the day of thefamily as it has been traditionally known is now over; that the institution ofthe family as the only "natural" basic unit of society is in theprocess of breaking up because of rapidly changing economic conditions as wellas the reluctance of the younger generation to accept the strict religious andsocial morality of the past. But the family itself has undergone considerablechanges over the years and there is no doubt that it Will have to face morechanges in the future. Thus, although the family may not continue to exist inprecisely the form the traditionalists would like, there is no reason to thinkthat it will become obsolete. II. In thissection, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letteron your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each) 16. Whatdoes "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. What functions the family has insocialization. B. How the family's socialization processoperates. C. What the parents think their childrenshould be like when they grow up. D. D. How the family prepares theirchildren for membership of the wider society. 17. InParagraph 3, the word "segregation" means A.division B. diversion C.integration D.coordination 18.According to Paragraphs 3-4, what is the fundamental difference in socializationbetween rural and urban families? A.The preference for the wealth of the child's future wife. B.The divide between the existing different social classes. C.The stress on group solidarity or individual achievement. D.The emphasis on academic performance or material success. 19. Thechild in a professional city family is taught early on that to get a good job, hemust A.find a good wife B. rely onhis family C.elevate his social status D.work hard at school 20.According to Paragraph 5, why is school a very important agency of socialization? A.Because it can socialize us into every aspect of life. B.Because it is able to prepare us for our future careers. C.Because it can make children work well in various agencies. D.Because it is able to recommend children to economic institutions. 21. The peergroup, as a socialization agency, exerts particular pressure on A.senior citizens B. collegestudents C.teenagers D. pupils 22. InParagraph 7, the word "norms" refers to A.the even and organized patterns of a particular society B.the same features and qualities of people in a particular society C.the values and ways of behaving accepted in a particular society D.the situations in which a particular society functions in the normal way 23. What canbe learned from the last paragraph about the traditionalists? A.They lament the younger generation's moral decline. B.They hold strict religious and social values of the past. C.They think rapid economic and social changes are evil. D.They believe society is created by man and thus unnatural. 24. In thelast paragraph, the word "obsolete" means A. prosperous B. complete C.absolute D. outdated 25. Which ofthe following might be the best title for this passage? A. The Socialization Function of the Family B. How Your Family Makes You Successful C. Families, Schools and Peer Groups D. Ever-Changing Families III.Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation onyour Answer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each) 26. Bysocialization we mean the process by which cultural, social and moral valuesand beliefs are transmitted from one generation to the next. 27. In therural community emphasis will be placed upon values such as group solidarityand the belief in the natural superiority of the male. 28. In thecase of the city family educated to professional standards, the process islikely to take a different form. 29. Thismeans that the peer group takes over in influence where the family and schoolleave off. The troublewith television is that it 32 concentration. Almost anything interestingand rewarding in life requires some 33 , consistently applied effort.The dullest, the 34 gifted of us can achieve things thatseem 35 to those who never concentrate onanything. But television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant 36 .It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Moreover theexercise of choice is in itself 37 Except to people with unusualinitiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of theday, 38 the orders are not too unpleasant. Mostof the idle rich 39 unspeakable boredom as the price oftheir freedom from 40 . At times they may find relief byhunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number ofsuch sensations is limited, 41 after youth is past. The 42 betweena single individual's success and the bootstrap effort of the mass of ghettoyouth is and remains too 43 to comport with reality. This was madeclear to me during the discussions of the Harlem riots on those hot summer daysin Vienna. It 44 the notion that my individual progresscould be hailed as an advance for all Negroes. Regrettably, it was an advance 45 forme. Earlier I had thought the success I had won satisfied an 46 Ihad to all Negroes. This is amatter which has. been too little considered, 47 bymoralists and by social reformers. The social reformers are of the opinion thatthey have more serious things to 48 The moralists, on the other hand, areimmensely impressed 49 the seriousness of all the permittedoutlets of the love of excitement; the seriousness, however, in their 50 isthat of Sin. Dance halls, cinemas, this age of jazz are all, if we may believeour ears, 51 to Hell, and we should be betteremployed sitting at home contemplating our sins. The value ofsnobbery in general, its humanistic "point", 52 inits power to 53 ctivity. A society with plenty ofsnobberies is like a dog with 54 offleas: it is not likely to become comatose. Every snobbery demands of itsdevotees 55 efforts, a successionof sacrifices. The society-snob must be 56 lion, hunting; themodernity-snob can never rest from trying to be up-to-date.
VI.Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation onyour Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points each for 57-60, 4 points for 61, 8points for 62) 57．那些喜欢产品味道浓郁且独特的人，他们的偏好也千差万别。 58．亚裔美国老人是公众印象的牺牲品，他们被认为由家人全权照料，因而不需要帮助。 59．毫无疑问，如果她没有出现在那里，会有人注意到的：毕竟，她也是演出的一部分。 60．写一本书是一场恐怖的、令人精疲力竭的斗争，就像某种痛苦疾病的长时间发作一样。 61．对于电视最严厉也是最有道理的批评之一是：电视在赢得尽可能多观众喜爱的同时却忽略了少数派观众群体以及小众品味。目前情况依然大致如此。 62．追求外在美的运动似乎既是巨大的成功也是令人遗憾的失败。这取决于你如何看待其结果。只要女性比过去更持久地保持她们年轻的外貌，它就是成功的。“老年妇女”已经开始变得罕见了。我们可以完全相信，几年之内她们将会不复存在。白发与皱纹、弯曲的脊背与凹陷的面颊将被视为如同中世纪般过时。 |
|
|
