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Alzheimer’s Disease Fast Facts 你应快速知道的关于阿尔茨海默病的事实  Here is a look at Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive brain disorder that leads to loss of memory and other intellectual abilities. 下面我们来看看阿尔茨海默症，这是一种渐进性的大脑疾病，会导致记忆力和其他智力能力的丧失。 Facts/事实Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, which is a general term for the loss of memory and intellectual abilities. 阿尔茨海默病是最常见的痴呆症，是记忆和智力丧失的总称。 Alzheimer’s disease is fatal and there is no cure. It is a slow-moving disease that starts with memory loss and ends with severe brain damage. 阿尔茨海默病是致命的，无法治愈。这是一种缓慢发展的疾病，从记忆力丧失开始，以严重的脑损伤结束。 The disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, the neuropathologist did an autopsy on the brain of a woman who died after exhibiting language problems, unpredictable behavior and memory loss. Dr. Alzheimer discovered the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are considered the hallmarks of the disease. 这种疾病以阿洛伊斯·阿尔茨海默博士的名字命名。1906年，这位神经病理学家对一名女性的大脑进行了尸检，该女性因语言问题、不可预测的行为和记忆力丧失而死亡。阿尔茨海默博士发现了淀粉样斑块和神经纤维缠结，这被认为是该疾病的特征。 neuropathologist：神经病理学家 amyloid plaques：淀粉样斑块 neurofibrillary：神经原纤维 Contributing Factors/导致的因素 Age - The likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s doubles every five years after the age of 65. For most people, symptoms first appear after the age of 60. 年龄 — 65岁以后，患老年痴呆症的可能性每五年翻一番。对大多数人来说，症状首先出现在60岁以后。 Family history - Genetics play a role in an individual’s risk of developing the disease. 家族史 — 遗传因素在个体患病风险中起着重要作用。 Head trauma - There is a possible link between the disease and repeated trauma or loss of consciousness. 头部创伤 — 该疾病与反复创伤或意识丧失之间可能存在联系。 Heart health - The risk of vascular dementia increases with heart conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. 心脏健康 — 高血压、高胆固醇和糖尿病等心脏疾病会增加血管性痴呆的风险。 Possible Symptoms/症状 Memory loss 记忆丧失 重复问题和述说 判断衰退 东西放错位置 情绪及性格改变 犯迷糊 妄想和偏执 Impulsiveness 冲动 癫痫 吞咽困难 National Estimates/美国预估数字According to the CDC, an estimated 6 million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease. It is the fifth leading cause of death for adults in the United States aged 65 or older. 根据疾病控制与预防中心的数据，估计有600万美国人患有阿尔茨海默症。它是美国65岁及以上成年人的第五大死因。 The estimated cost of caring for patients with Alzheimer’s or other dementias in the United States in 2021 is $355 billion. 2021，美国照顾阿尔茨海默病或其他痴呆症患者的估计成本为3550亿美元。 Early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease/早发性阿尔茨海默病Early-onset Alzheimer’s is an uncommon form of dementia that strikes people younger than age 65. 早发性阿尔茨海默病是一种罕见的痴呆症，发病年龄在65岁以下。 Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease often runs in families. 早发性阿尔茨海默病常在家庭中传播。 Research/科研March 9, 2014 - In a first-of-its-kind study, researchers report they have developed a blood test that predicts with astonishing accuracy whether a healthy person will develop Alzheimer’s disease. 2014年3月9日——在第一次同类研究中，研究人员报告称，他们开发了一种血液测试方法，能够以惊人的准确性预测健康人是否会患阿尔茨海默病。 September 2014 - The research journal Aging reports that in a small study at UCLA, nine out of the 10 patients involved, said their symptoms reversed after they participated in a rigorous program that included things like optimizing Vitamin D levels in the blood, using DHA supplements to bridge broken connections in the brain and strategic fasting to normalize insulin levels. 2014年9月——研究杂志《衰老》报道，在加州大学洛杉矶分校的一项小型研究中，10名患者中有9人表示，在参与了一项严格的项目后，他们的症状得到了缓解，该项目包括优化血液中的维生素D水平，使用DHA补充剂来弥合大脑中的断开连接，以及策略性禁食以使胰岛素水平正常化。 September 11, 2015 - The Journal of Neurology publishes a study that suggests that the compound resveratrol, when taken in concentrated doses, may have benefit in slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. 2015年9月11日，《神经学杂志》发表的一项研究表明，服用浓缩复方白藜芦醇可能有助于减缓阿尔茨海默病的进展。 November 23, 2016 - US drugmaker Eli Lilly announces it is ending the Phase 3 clinical trial of its Alzheimer’s drug solanezumab. “Patients treated with solanezumab did not experience a statistically significant slowing in cognitive decline compared to patients treated with placebo,” the company says in a statement. 2016年11月23日——美国制药商礼来宣布，其阿尔茨海默病药物索拉奈珠单抗的3期临床试验即将结束。该公司在一份声明中表示：“与安慰剂治疗的患者相比，接受索拉奈珠单抗治疗的患者认知能力下降的速度在统计学上没有显著放缓。”。 February 2017 - The drug company Merck halts the late-stage trial of its Alzheimer’s drug verubecestat, after an independent study found that it had “virtually no chance” of working. 2017年2月 — 在一项独立研究发现“几乎没有机会”起作用后，默克制药公司停止了其阿尔茨海默病药物维鲁贝司他（verubecestat）的后期试验。 July 25, 2018 - Additional results of an early clinical trial for an experimental drug, the antibody called BAN2401, shows that it improved cognition and reduced clinical signs of Alzheimer’s in the brains of study participants. Details about the immunotherapy were announced at a news conference during the 2018 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. 2018年7月25日 — 一种名为BAN2401的实验药物的早期临床试验的附带结果表明，它改善了研究参与者的认知能力，减少了阿尔茨海默氏症的临床症状。2018年阿尔茨海默症协会国际会议期间的新闻发布会上宣布了免疫疗法的细节。 February 28, 2019 - The journal Nature Genetics publishes a study that reveals four new genetic variants that increase risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The genes appear to work in tandem to control bodily functions that affect disease development. 2019年2月28日，《自然遗传学》杂志发表了一项研究，揭示了四种新的基因变体，它们增加了患阿尔茨海默病的风险。这些基因似乎协同工作，以控制影响疾病发展的身体功能。 March 21, 2019 - Pharmaceutical company Biogen announces that they are ending two Phase 3 clinical trials of a drug that targets the buildup in the brain of beta-amyloid, one of two proteins that researchers believe contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s. The drug, called aducanumab, was considered to be a promising candidate in improving cognitive function. 2019年3月21日 — 制药公司百健宣布，他们将结束针对β-淀粉样蛋白在大脑中积聚的两项3期临床试验。研究人员认为，β-淀粉样蛋白是导致阿尔茨海默氏症的两种蛋白质之一。这种名为阿杜卡诺单抗的药物被认为是改善认知功能的一种有希望的候选药物。 October 22, 2019 - Biogen announces that it will apply for regulatory approval for aducanumab and begin new studies. “The decision to file is based on a new analysis, conducted by Biogen in consultation with the FDA, of a larger dataset from the Phase 3 clinical studies that were discontinued in March 2019 following a futility analysis.” 2019年10月22日 — 百健宣布将申请阿杜卡诺单抗的监管批准，并开始新的研究。“提交该文件的决定是基于一项新的分析，该分析是由百健与FDA协商后进行的，该分析来自于第三阶段临床研究的一个更大数据集，该研究在一项无效分析后于2019年3月停止。” March 13, 2021 - The New England Journal of Medicine publishes a study indicating that Eli Lilly and Company’s experimental intravenous drug donanemab could slow the cognitive decline of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, according to early clinical trial results. 2021 3月13日，《新英格兰医学杂志》发表的一项研究表明，根据早期临床试验结果，礼来公司的实验性静脉注射药物多纳内玛可以减缓阿尔茨海默病患者的认知下降。 June 7, 2021 - The FDA approves the use of the experimental drug aducanumab for early phases of Alzheimer’s disease, despite an FDA advisory committee concluding last year that there is not enough evidence to support the effectiveness of the treatment. This is the first time since 2003 the FDA has approved a novel therapy for Alzheimer’s. 2021 6月7日，尽管美国食品和药物管理局咨询委员会去年得出结论，没有足够的证据支持该疗法的有效性，但美国食品和药物管理局批准使用实验药物阿杜卡单抗治疗阿尔茨海默病早期阶段。这是自2003年以来FDA首次批准一种治疗阿尔茨海默症的新疗法。 April 4, 2022 - A study that uncovered an additional 42 genes connected to the development of Alzheimer’s disease is published. 2022年4月4日——一项研究发现了另外42个与阿尔茨海默症发病有关的基因。 April 7, 2022 - The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announces it will restrict coverage of the controversial and costly Alzheimer’s drug Aduhelm to those enrolled in qualifying clinical trials. 2022年4月7日——联邦医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心宣布，将限制有争议且昂贵的阿尔茨海默症药物阿杜赫尔姆的覆盖范围，仅限于参加合格临床试验的患者。 May 4, 2022 - The FDA announces that it permitted marketing for a new diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s Disease. This is the first in vitro diagnostic test that could offer an alternative to tools like PET scans, which are currently used to diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease. 2022年5月4日——美国食品和药物管理局宣布，它允许市场销售一种新的阿尔茨海默症诊断测试。这是第一个体外诊断试验，可以替代目前用于诊断阿尔茨海默症的PET扫描等工具。
2022年《福布斯》亿万富豪榜：埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）位列全球亿万富翁榜首。英语读头条（第715期） 梅琳达开口，说出她和比尔盖茨离婚的真相。英语读头条（第710期） 👇 |
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