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【往期回顾】 一课一题一语法：新概念英语第1册第121-122课 下面是第119-120课的参考答案： 1. This is the book _which/that_ I bought yesterday. 2. He will never forget the days _which/that_ he spent in the village last year. 3. Do you still remember the girl _who/that_ helped us during the holiday? 4. The boy _whose_ mother is a nurse is from Shanghai. 5. We can turn to the man _who/whom/that_ you mentioned just now. 
一、课文原文 
二、重点句型或语法 本课继续学习定语从句的用法。 与第121-122课相比，第123-124课侧重学习的是关系代词的省略以及定语从句改为短语的用法。 
（一）关系代词的省略 在限定性定语从句中，有的时候用来连接定语从句的关系代词可以省略，其前提条件是，先行词在定语从句中作宾语，如： He is the boy who/whom/that I helped yesterday.He is the boy I helped yesterday. 再比如： Do you like the novel which/that she has published? Do you like the novel which/that she has published?
【注意】 在非限定性定语从句中，无论先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，关系代词都不能省略。 （二）定语从句改为短语 在限定性定语从句中，有的时候可以把定语从句改为短语结构，但必须同时满足两个条件，即： 1、先行词在定语从句中作主语； 2、定语从句的谓语中不含有助动词shall/will/would或情态动词。
将定语从句改为短语的基本方法是： 1、去掉关系代词； 2、如果定语从句的谓语为主动语态，则保留动词的ing形式或把谓语动词改为ing形式（如果谓语中含有完成时，则把助动词have/has/had改为having）； 3、如果定语从句的谓语为被动语态，则保留动词的ed形式（如果谓语中含有完成时，则把助动词have/has/had改为having）。
如： The girl who is speaking to John is my little sister. 上句中的the girl是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，定语从句中的谓语为主动语态，且不含有助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改为短语，只要把who和is去掉，保留speaking，即： The girl speaking to John is my little sister. 再比如： The old lady loves her dog which costs her a lot of money. 上句中的her dog是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，定语从句中的谓语为主动语态，且不含有助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改为短语，只要去掉which，并把costs改为costing，即： The old lady loves her dog costing her a lot of money. 再比如： The man who has been there twice is a pilot. 上句中的the man是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，定语从句中的谓语为主动语态，且不含有助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改为短语，只要去掉who，把has改为having，即： The man having been there twice is a pilot. 再比如：
I have repaird the window which was broken by my son just now. 上句中的the window是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，定语从句中的谓语为被动语态，且不含有助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改为短语，只要去掉which和was，保留broken，即： I have repaird the window broken by my son just now. 再比如：
He is the man who has been put to prison. 上句中的the man是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，定语从句中的谓语为被动语态，且不含有助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改为短语，只要去掉who，把has改为having，即： He is the man having been put to prison. 【注意】 1、在限定性定语从句中，只有当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，才有可能把定语从句改为短语结构； 2、如果定语从句为系表结构，有时也可以改为短语，如： He is my uncle who is expert at swimming. He is my uncle expert at swimming. The man who looks sad is my father. The man looking sad is my father.
3、非限定性定语从句不能改为短语。 
三、一课一题 根据本课的重要语法点，让我们来练一练吧，请把下列定语从句改为短语结构。 1. That is our English teacher who plays football very well. 2. This is the book which has been translated into many foreign languages. 3. Have you watched the game which was held in Shanghai yesterday? 4. The soldier who has saved ten children from the fire is only nineteen years old. 5. Do you know the man who is keen on extreme sports?
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