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1.FINA, the world governing body for swimming, has voted to effectively ban transgender women from participating in women's swimming competitions. 世界游泳管理机构国际泳联(FINA)投票决定，坚决禁止跨性别女性参加女子游泳比赛。  2.The vote — with 71.5% approval at the FINA Extraordinary General Congress 2022 in Budapest — was the latest salvo in an ongoing fight over whether trans athletes should compete according to their gender identity or their sex assigned at birth. 在布达佩斯举行的2022年国际泳联特别大会上，有71.5%的人通过了这项投票，这是关于跨性别运动员是否应该根据自己的性别认同或出生时的性别进行比赛的最新争论。 3."We have to protect the rights of our athletes to compete, but we also have to protect competitive fairness at our events, especially the women's category at FINA competitions," FINA's president, Husain Al-Musallam, said in a statement. 国际泳联主席侯赛因·穆萨拉姆在一份声明中说，“我们必须保护运动员的参赛权利，但我们也必须保护我们项目的竞争公平，尤其是国际泳联的女子项目。”  4.Under the policy, transgender women must show that "they have not experienced any part of male puberty beyond Tanner Stage 2 or before age 12, whichever is later," a move that effectively eliminates their eligibility to compete in the women's category. 根据这项政策，跨性别女性必须证明“她们在唐纳分期阶段2之后或12岁之前(以较晚者为准)没有经历过男性青春期的任何阶段”，这一举动实际上取消了她们参加女性组别竞争的资格。  5.Tanner Stages describe the physical changes people undergo during puberty. 唐纳分期描述的是人们在青春期所经历的生理变化。 6.FINA said it was necessary to use sex and sex-linked traits to determine eligibility criteria because of the "performance gap" that appears between males and females during puberty. 国际泳联表示，有必要根据性别和与性别相关的特征来确定参赛标准，因为在青春期，男性和女性之间会出现“成绩差距”。 7."Without eligibility standards based on biological sex or sex-linked traits, we are very unlikely to see biological females in finals, on podiums, or in championship positions; and in sports and events involving collisions and projectiles, biological female athletes would be at greater risk of injury," the policy reads. “如果没有基于生理性别或性别相关特征的资格标准，我们就不太可能在决赛、领奖台或冠军位置上看到生理上的女性;在涉及碰撞和投掷物的运动和项目中，生理上的女性运动员受伤的风险也更大。” 8.The group said it devised the policy in consultation with athletic, scientific and legal experts. 该组织表示，他们在制定这项政策时咨询了体育、科学和法律专家。  9.The announcement was met with swift criticism from some transgender advocacy groups. 这一声明很快遭到了一些跨性别倡导团体的批评。 10.Anne Lieberman, director of policy and programs at Athlete Ally, an organization that advocates for LGBTQI+ equality in sports, called the policy "discriminatory, harmful, unscientific" and contrary to International Olympic Committee guidance. 倡导LGBTQI+在体育运动中平等地位的组织“运动员联盟”(Athlete Ally)的政策和项目主管安妮·利伯曼(Anne Lieberman)称，这项政策是“歧视性的、有害的、不科学的”，违反了国际奥委会的指导方针。 11."The eligibility criteria for the women's category as it is laid out in the policy police the bodies of all women, and will not be enforceable without seriously violating the privacy and human rights of any athlete looking to compete in the women's category," Lieberman said. 利伯曼说:“女子组的资格标准在政策中是针对所有女性的，在不严重侵犯任何希望参加女子组比赛的运动员的隐私和人权的情况下是无法执行的。” 12.The Human Rights Campaign said the decision was a "blatant attack on transgender athletes who have worked to comply with longstanding policies that have allowed them to participate for years without issue." 人权运动组织表示，这一决定是“对跨性别运动员的公然攻击，这些运动员多年来一直努力遵守允许他们毫无问题地参加比赛的长期政策。” 13.Last year, the International Olympic Committee released new guidance allowing individual sports to set guidelines and moving away from eligibility based on testosterone levels. 去年，国际奥委会发布了新的指导意见，允许单个运动项目制定指导方针，并不再以睾丸激素水平为评判标准。  14.A debate over fairness and inclusion in swimming and other sports has been ongoing after a record-breaking season from swimmer Lia Thomas. 在游泳运动员利亚·托马斯创造了一个破纪录成绩的赛季后，关于游泳和其他运动的公平性和包容性的辩论一直在进行。  15.The transgender University of Pennsylvania swimmer has been accused of having an unfair advantage competing in the women's category. 这位宾夕法尼亚大学的跨性别游泳运动员被指控在女子游泳比赛中拥有不公平的优势。 16.A number of Republican governors in states including South Carolina, Oklahoma and Arizona have recently signed laws requiring transgender athletes in public schools to compete according to the sex listed on their birth certificates. 包括南卡罗来纳州、俄克拉荷马州和亚利桑那州在内的一些州的共和党州长最近签署了法律，要求公立学校的跨性别运动员按照出生证明上列出的性别参加比赛。 17.FINA said it may also develop an "open" category in future swimming competitions for people who don't meet the criteria for either the men's or women's events. 国际泳联表示，它还可能在未来的游泳比赛中为那些既不符合男子项目标准也不符合女子项目标准的人设立一个“开放”类别。 18."FINA will always welcome every athlete. The creation of an open category will mean that everybody has the opportunity to compete at an elite level," Al-Musallam added. “国际泳联永远欢迎每一位运动员。设立开放的比赛类别将意味着每个人都有机会在精英水平上竞争。”艾尔·穆沙拉姆补充道。 19.A spokesperson for Al-Musallam told The Associated Press there are currently no transgender women in levels of elite swimming competition. 穆萨拉姆的发言人对美联社表示，目前还没有跨性别女性参加精英游泳比赛。 20.The new policy takes effect on Monday. 新政策将于周一生效。 问题 文中提到了哪一位变性运动员？ 留言回复正确答案 ，前五名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！ 留言留下你的微信号 即可获邀加入学习交流宝藏群 感谢关注 跟Amber一起看世界 |
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