【原】第106期：Big Bang Theory 大爆炸理论

「晨读音频」

Hello everyone! Welcome to my channel. I’m Reevs. Good morning!

大家好，欢迎来到懒人英语晨读栏目，我是Reevs，早上好呀。

And today we’re gonna be talking about physics.

今天我们要讲的是物理。

We’re gonna be talking about the Big Bang theory – a very popular theory of how the universe or the world and how we came upon being created.

我们将谈论宇宙大爆炸理论——一个非常流行的理论，关于宇宙或世界以及我们是如何被创造的。

So let’s listen to the dialogue first.

我们先来听对话。

「对话文本」

A: What's up? You don't look too good.

怎么啦？你看起来很不舒服。

B: Yeah, my head hurts, that's all. I've been in physics class all day. It's killer! 

我就是头痛而已。上了一天的物理课。简直要命！

A: I liked physics. It's all math, really; arcs, curves, velocity, cool stuff.

我喜欢物理课。都是数学的东西，真的。弧线，曲线，速度，都很酷。

B: Yeah, yeah, but today's lesson was all about the creation of the universe.

对的对的，但是今天的课都是关于宇宙的构成。

A: A physics class about the creation of the universe? That's some pretty unscientific language there. Sounds more religious to me.

关于宇宙构成的物理课？听起来真不科学。感觉更像是宗教课。

B: It's all religion. Take the theory of the Big Bang. How is it possible that all of the stuff in the universe comes from an explosion?

全都是关于宗教信仰。例如大爆炸理论。怎么可能一切都来源于一次大爆炸？

That's no better than Atlas carrying the globe on his back or African myths about turtles and stuff.

这无异于希腊神话里阿特拉斯以双肩扛天以及非洲关于海龟等的神话。

A: Turtles? Whatever... Look, all that's required for the creation of matter is an imbalance of particles and anti-particles. At least, that's what the math says.

海龟？不管怎么样.....你想，所有这些宇宙形成所需的东西都对粒子和反粒子的失衡有着重要的作用。至少，这就是数学所讲的。

B: Math, sh..math. What's the evidence?

数学，数学。有什么证据吗？

A: There is evidence! You know Edwin Hubble? He's the guy who in the early twentieth century was the first scientist to measure the drift of matter in the universe, thus advancing notions of an expanding universe.

这就是证据！你知道Edwin Hubble吗？他是20世纪第一位测量出宇宙物质迁移的科学家，因此推动了宇宙膨胀的概念。

What would it be expanding from? Well, the Big Bang... DUH!

那它是由什么膨胀来的呢？大爆炸.....切！

B: Anyway, it's just a theory. Why do people go around touting theories? Where's the rigor in that?

不管怎样，这只是个理论。为什么人们总喜欢四处吹捧这些理论呢？严谨的科学精神到哪儿去了？

A: Dude, don't equivocate. A theory only becomes a theory after withstanding rigorous testing. You slept through class, didn't you?

兄弟，不要含糊其词。理论只有经过了严厉的考验才能成为一个理论。你刚刚课上睡觉了，是吗？

B: Agh! You're making my head hurt again! Quit with the questions!

啊！你又让我头痛了！这个问题到此为止！

「重要发音技巧」

Alright, we’re back. Let’s look at some useful tips that help you improve your English pronunciation.

好的，我们回来看一些能帮助你提升英语发音的技巧。

1. 弱读：and

对话中：

turtles and stuff

弱读分析：

在一个句子中，意思相对不重要的，没有实际意义的单词，可以做弱读，比如连词and, 可以弱读为/ən/，/ə/发音时舌头自然放松放平在口腔里。

复述：

turtles and stuff

2. 失爆：quit with

对话中：

Quit with the questions!

失爆分析：

两个单词相邻时，前一个单词词尾是爆破音，后一个单词开头是辅音，则前面的爆破音不发出声音，稍作停顿。对话中的quit /kwɪt/ + with /wɪð/（/t/是爆破音，/w/是辅音）失爆后读为：/kwɪ(t) wɪð/。

复述：

Quit with the questions!

「核心单词掌握」

We heard a lot of vocabulary related to physics in this dialogue and right now we’re gonna explain them.

我们在这段对话中听到了很多有关物理相关的词汇，现在来一起看一下。

So, let’s start with the first one “matter”.

那么，让我们从第一个单词开始“matter”。

1. matter /ˈmætər/ n. 物质

In our dialogue, we’re talking about matter, which is anything that occupies space, that has a mass or that is related to energy.

在对话中，我们谈论物质，是任何占据空间的东西，有质量的东西或者和能量有关的东西。

So, all things in the world are made up of matter.

所以，世界上所有的事物都是由物质组成的。

Now, let’s move on to another one.

现在，让我们来看另外一个单词。

2. particle /ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ n. 粒子

Now, particles are just very small pieces of a whole.

粒子是一个整体中很小的一部分。

So, imagine you’ve got a beach and all the pieces of sand are particles of the beach.

所以假设你有一个海滩，所有的沙子都是海滩的颗粒。

Now, the next one is “anti-particle”.

现在，下一个单词“anti-particle”。

3. anti-particle /ˈænti ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ n. 反粒子

Now, this prefix anti-.

现在，这个前缀是anti-。

It means something that is against.

它的意思是“与……相反的”。

Alright, so, anti-particles are those that are against particles.

好的，所以反粒子是那些与粒子相反的。

So, basically, if you have a particle that has a positive charge, and another one comes in with a negative charge in the same type of particle.

所以，基本上，如果你有一个带正电荷的粒子，另一个带负电荷的粒子以同样的方式进入。

If they get together, they cancel each other out and they both die.

So, that’s an anti-particle.

如果他们在一起，他们会互相抵消，它们都消亡了。

这是一个反粒子。

Moving to our next word “thus”.

来看下个单词“thus”。

4. thus /ðʌs/ conj. 因此

Okay, so, this is a good conjunction.

好了，这是一个很好的连接词。

And it basically means therefore or in consequence.

基本意思是“因此”或“结果”。

Let me give you an example.

举个例子。

He broke severe company policies, thus we had to fire him.

他违反了公司严格的规章制度，因此我们不得不解雇他。

Now, let’s look at our next word “tout”.

现在，我们来看我们的下一个词“tout”。

5.tout /taʊt/ v. 吹捧

Well, basically, when you tout something, you talk about it in a positive way. And you do it with the idea of trying to sell that thing or make people buy into it or believe it.

嗯，基本上，当你吹捧某事时，你用一种积极的方式谈论它。你这样做的目的是想把它卖出去或者让人们相信它。

So, for example, we can say:

The company is touting the many benefits of its product.

所以，举个例子，我们可以说：

公司正在吹捧其产品的许多好处。

Well, we heard two related words in the dialogue. They were talking about “Where’s the rigor in these theories?” and “rigorous testing”.

好的，我们听到在对话中相关联的两个词。他们在谈论“严谨的科学精神到哪儿去了？”以及“严格的检验”。

Okay, so, what’s the difference between rigor and rigorous.

好吧，所以 rigor 和 rigorous 有什么区别呢。

6. rigor /ˈrɪɡər/ n. 谨慎，严谨

Rigor is the state of being very clear and careful and exact.

rigor是非常清晰、仔细和精确的状态。

For example,

例如：

academic rigor

学术方面的严谨

And rigorous means to be clear, careful, attention to detail and exact.

而rigorous表示清晰、仔细、注意细节。

7. rigorous /ˈrɪɡərəs/ adj. 谨慎的；细致的

Here’s an example: 

比如：

rigorous training

严格的训练

「实用口语表达」

Okay, so, we looked at some great vocabulary and now we can look at some great phrases.

好的，我们学习了一些很棒的词汇，现在我们可以学习一些很好的短语。

So, we heard “dude, don’t equivocate”.

1. Don’t equivocate. 不要含糊其辞。

Well, when you equivocate, you use big words to try and mislead somebody.

嗯，当你含糊其辞，你用大话去试图误导别人。

For example, we could say:

When asked about his experience, the job candidate equivocated.

所以，举个例子，我们可以说：

当被问及他的经验时，应聘者支支吾吾。

Alright, the next phrase we have is “go around doing sth.”

好的，下一个短语是“go around doing sth.”。

2. go around doing sth. 四处去做某事

It describes someone doing something bad again and again, with different people.

它描述的是某人一次又一次地做坏事，和不同的人在一起。

She'll probably go around bragging to her friends.

她可能会到处去向她的朋友们吹嘘。

It is possible to use “go around doing sth.” to talk about someone doing a good thing many times, but it's rare.

可以用“go around doing sth.”来表示某人多次做了一件好事，但这种情况很少见。

Even if you're talking about the person doing something good, it might seem like you're complaining.

即使你谈论的是做了好事的人，看起来也像是你在抱怨。

I’ll give you an example.

我来举个例子。

She's always going around telling everyone what a great job they're doing.

她总是到处说她们在做的工作多么好。

Now, it’s time for us to review what we've learned today.

现在我们来回顾一下今天所学习的内容，一起思考起来。

「今日所学回顾」

1. 发音重点：

弱读：and可以弱读为/ən/

失爆：quit with

2. 单词重点：

matter /ˈmætər/ n. 物质

particle /ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ n.粒子

anti-particle /ˈænti ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ n. 反粒子

thus /ðʌs/ conj. 因此

tout /taʊt/ v. 吹捧

rigor /ˈrɪɡər/ n. 谨慎，严谨

rigorous /ˈrɪɡərəs/ adj. 谨慎的；细致的

3. 表达重点：

Don’t equivocate. 不要含糊其辞。

go around doing sth. 四处去做某事

Alright, that's all for today. Thanks for coming. Hope you enjoy today's lesson. Have a nice day there!